REFERENCES
- Abdullaev F. I., Rivera-Luna R., Garcia-Carranca A., Ayala-Fierro F., Espinosa-Aguirre J. J. Cytotoxic effect of three arsenic compounds in HeLa human tumor and bacterial cells. Mutat. Res. 2001; 493: 31–38, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Abernathy C. O., Chappell W. R., Meek M. E., Guo H. R. Is ingested inorganic arsenic a “threshold” compound?. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1996; 29: 168–175, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Achanzar W. E., Brambila E. M., Diwan B. A., Webber M. M., Waalkes M. P. Inorganic arsenite-induced malignant transformation of human prostate epithelial cells. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2002; 94: 1888–1891, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Ahmad S., Anderson W. L., Kitchin K. T. Dimethylarsinic acid effects on DNA damage and oxidative stress related biochemical parameters in B6C3F1 mice. Cancer Lett 1999; 139: 129–135, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Ahmad S., Kitchin K. T., Cullen W. R. Plasmid DNA damage caused by methylated arsenicals, ascorbic acid and human liver ferritin. Toxicol. Lett. 2002; 133: 47–57, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Andersen M. E., Meed E., Boorman G. A., Brusick D. J., Cohen S. M., Dragan Y. P., Frederick C. B., Goodman J. I., Hard G. C., O'Flaherty E. J., Robinson D. E. Lessons learned in applying the U.S. EPA's proposed cancer guidelines to specific compounds. Toxicol. Sci. 2000; 53: 159–172, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Andrewes P., Kitchin K. T., Wallace K. Dimethylarsine and trimethylarsine are potent genotoxins in vitro. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2003; 16: 994–1003, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Aposhian H. V. Enzymatic methylation of arsenic species and other new approaches to arsenic toxicity. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1997; 37: 397–419, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Aposhian H. V. Mobilization of mercury and arsenic in humans by sodium 2-3-dimercapto-1-propane sulfonate (DMPS). Environ. Health Perspect 1998; 106: 1017–1025, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Aposhian H. V., Gurzau E. S., Le X. C., Gurzau A., Healy S. M., Lu X., Ma M., Yip L., Zakharyan R. A., Maiorino R. M., Dart R. C., Tircus M. G., Gonzalez-Ramirez D., Morgan D. L., Avram D., Aposhian M. M. Occurrence of monomethylarsonous acid in urine of humans exposed to inorganic arsenic. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2000a; 13: 693–697, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Aposhian H. V., Zheng B., Aposhian M. M., Le X C., Cebrian M. E., Cullen W., Zakharyan R. A., Ma M., Dart R. C., Cheng Z., Andrewes P., Yip L., O'Malley G. F., Maiorino R. M., Van Voorhies W., Healy S. M., Titcomb A. DMPS-arsenic challenge test. II. Modulation of arsenic species, including monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)), excreted in human urine. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2000; 165: 74–83, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Arnold L. L., Christenson R., Cano M., St. John M K., Wahl B. S., Cohen S. M. Tributyl phosphate effects on urine and bladder epithelium in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1997; 40: 247–255, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Arnold L. L., Cano M., St John M., Eldan M., van Gemert M., Cohen S. M. Effects of dietary dimethylarsinic acid on the urine and urothelium of rats. Carcinogenesis 1999; 20: 2171–2179, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Arnold L. L., Cano M., Cohen S. M., Le X. C., Lu X. Effects of the dose of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) on the urinary concentration of dimethylarsinous acid (DMAIII). Toxicologist 2003a; 72: 232, [CSA]
- Arnold L. L., Eldan M., van Gemert M., Capen C. C., Cohen S. M. Chronic studies evaluating the carcinogenicity of monomethylarsonic acid in rats and mice. Toxicology 2003b; 190: 197–219, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Arnold L. L., van Gemert M., Eldan M., Nyska A., Cohen S. M. Submitted. Dimethylarsinic acid: Results of chronic toxicity/oncogenicity studies in Fischer F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice
- Basu A., Mahata J., Gupta S., Giri A. K. Genetic toxicology of a paradoxical human carcinogen, arsenic: A review. Mutat. Res. 2001; 488: 171–194, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Bau D. T., Wang T. S., Chung C. H., Wang A. S., Wang A. S., Jan K. Y. Oxidative DNA adducts and DNA–protein cross-links are the major DNA lesions induced by arsenite. Environ. Health Perspect. 2002; 110: 753–756, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Beck B. D., Slayton T. M., Calabrese E. J., Baldwin L., Rudel R. The use of toxicology in the regulatory process. Principles and Methods of Toxicology, 4th ed., A. W. Hayes. Taylor & Francis, Philadelphia 2001; 23–75
- Bernstam L., Nriagu J. Molecular aspects of arsenic stress. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B 2000; 3: 293–322, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Bertolero F., Pozzi G., Sabbioni E., Saffiotti U. Cellular uptake and metabolic reduction of pentavalent to trivalent arsenic as determinants of cytotoxicity and morphological transformation. Carcinogenesis 1987; 8: 803–808, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Brown K. G., Ross G. L. Arsenic, drinking water, and health: A position paper of the American Council on Science and Health. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2002; 36: 162–174, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Brown J. L., Kitchin K. T., George M. Dimethylarsenic acid treatment alters six different rat biochemical parameters: Relevance to arsenic carcinogenesis. Teratogeh. Carcinogen. Mutagen. 1997; 17: 71–84, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Buchet J. P., Lauwerys R. Roles of thiols in the in vitro methylation of inorganic arsenic by rat liver cytosol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1988; 37: 3149–3153, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Buchet J. P., Lauwerys R., Roels H. Comparison of the urinary excretion of arsenic metabolites after a single oral dose of sodium arsenite, monomethylarsonate, or dimethylarsinate in man. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 1981; 48: 71–79, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Burns F. J., Uddin A. N., Wu F., Nádas A., Rossman T. G. Arsenic-induced enhancement of ultraviolet radiation carcinogenesis in mouse skin: A dose-response study. Environ. Health Perspect. 2004; 112: 599–602, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Byron W. R., Bierbower G. W., Brouwer J. B., Hansen W. H. Pathologic changes in rats and dogs from two-year feeding of sodium arsenite or sodium arsenate. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1967; 10: 132–147, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Cano M., Arnold L. L., Cohen S. M. Evaluation of diet and dimethylarsinic acid on the urothelium of Syrian golden hamsters. Toxicol. Pathol. 2001; 29: 600–606, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Chan P. C., Huff J. Arsenic carcinogenesis in animals and in humans: Mechanistic, experimental, and epidemiological evidence. Environ. Carcinogen. Ecotox. Rev. 1997; C15: 83–122, [CSA]
- Chang K. N., Lee T. C., Tam M. F., Chen Y. C., Lee L. W., Lee S. Y., Lin P. J., Huang R. N. Identification of galactin I and thioredoxin peroxidase II as two arsenic-binding proteins in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biochem. J. 2003; 371: 495–503, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Chen C. J., Wu M. M., Lee S. S., Wang J. D., Cheng S. H., Wu H. Y. Atherogenicity and carcinogenicity of high-arsenic artesian well water: Multiple risk factors and related malignant neoplasms of blackfoot disease. Arteriosclerosis 1988; 8: 452–460, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Chen C. W., Chen C. J., Wu M. M., Kuo T. L. Cancer potential in liver, lung, bladder and kidney due to ingested inorganic arsenic in drinking water. Br. J. Cancer 1992; 66: 888–892, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Chen T., Na Y., Wanibuchi H., Yamamoto S., Lee C. C., Fukushima S. Loss of heterozygosity in (Lewis x F344) F1 rat urinary bladder tumors induced with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine followed by dimethylarsinic acid or sodium L-ascorbate. Jpn. J. Cancer Res 1999; 90: 818–823, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Chen H., Liu J., Zhao C. Q., Diwan B. A., Merrick B. A., Waalkes M. P. Association of c-myc overexpression and hyperproliferation with arsenite-induced malignant transformation. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2001; 175: 260–268, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Chen Y. C., Su H. J., Guo Y. L., Hsueh Y. M., Smith T. J., Ryan L. M., Lee M. S., Christiani D. C. Arsenic methylation and bladder cancer risk in Taiwan. Cancer Causes Control 2003a; 14: 303–310, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Chen Y. C., Guo Y. L., Su H. J., Hsueh Y. M., Smith T. J., Ryan L. M., Lee M. S., Chao S. C., Lee J. Y., Christiani D. C. Arsenic methylation and skin cancer risk in Southwester Taiwan. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 2003b; 45: 241–248, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Chien C. W., Chiang M. C., Ho I. C., Lee T. C. Association of chromosomal alterations with arsenite-induced tumorigenicity of human HaCaT keratinocytes in nude mice. Environ Health Perspect 2004; 112: 1704–1710, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Chiou H.-Y., Chiou S.-T., Hsu Y. H., Chou Y. L., Tseng C. H., Wei M. L., Chen C. J. Incidence of transitional cell carcinoma and arsenic in drinking water: A follow-up of 8,102 residents in an arseniasis-endemic area in northeastern Taiwan. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2001; 153: 411–418, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Cohen S. M. Urinary bladder carcinogenesis. Toxicol. Pathol. 1998a; 26: 121–127, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Cohen S. M. Cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. Drug Metabolism Rev. 1998b; 30: 339–357, [CSA]
- Cohen S. M., Ellwein L. B. Cell proliferation in carcinogenesis. Science 1990; 249: 1007–1011, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Cohen S. M., Ellwein L. B. Genetic errors, cell proliferation, and carcinogenesis. Perspect. Cancer Res. 1991; 51: 6493–6505, [CSA]
- Cohen S. M., Arnold L. L., St. John M. K., Cano M. Evaluation of cell proliferative activity in the rat urinary bladder after feeding high doses of cacodylic acid. Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects, W. R. Chappell, C. O. Abernathy, R. L. Calderon. Elsevier Science, Oxford 1999; 253–262
- Cohen S. M., Yamamoto S., Cano M., Arnold L. L. Urothelial cytotoxicity and regeneration induced by dimethylarsinic acid in rats. Toxicol. Sci. 2001; 59: 68–74, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Cohen S. M., Wanibuchi H., Fukushima S. Lower urinary tract. Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology, 2nd ed., C. G. Haschek, M. Rousseaux, A. Wallig. Academic Press, San Diego 2002a; Vol. 2: 337–361
- Cohen S. M., Arnold L. L., Uzvolgyi E., St. John M., Yamamoto S., Lu X., Lee W. Possible role of dimethylarsinous acid in dimethylarsinic acid-induced urothelial toxicity and regeneration in the rat. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2002b; 15: 1150–1157, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Cohen S. M., Klaunig J., Meek M. E., Hill R. N., Pastoor T., Lehman-McKeem L., Bucher J., Longfellow D. G., Seed J., Dellarco V., Fenner-Crisp P., Patton D. The human relevance of information on carcinogenic modes of action: Overview. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 2003; 33: 581–590, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Cohen S. M., Klaunig J., Meek M. E., Hill R. N., Pastoor T., Lehman-McKeeman L., Bucher J., Longfellow D. G., Seed J., Dellarco V., Fenner-Crisp P. Evaluating the human relevance of chemically-induced animal tumors. Toxicol. Sci. 2004; 78: 181–186, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Csanaky I., Gregus Z. Species variation in the biliary and urinary excretion of arsenate, arsenite and their metabolites. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C 2002; 131: 355–365, [CSA]
- Csanaky I., Gregus Z. Role of glutathione in reduction of arsenate and of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase in disposition of arsenite in rats. Toxicology 2005; 207: 91–104, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Cui X., Kobayashi Y., Hayakawa T., Hirano S. Arsenic speciation in bile and urine following oral and intravenous exposure to inorganic and organic arsenic in rats. Toxicol. Sci. 2004; 82: 478–487, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Cullen W. R., Reimer K. J. Arsenic speciation in the environment. Chem. Rev. 1989; 89: 713–764, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Cullen W. R., McBride B. C., Reglinski J. The reaction of methylarsenicals with thiols: Some biological implications. J. Inorg. Biochem 1984; 21: 179–194, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Del Razo L. M., Styblo M., Cullen W. R., Thomas D. J. Determination of trivalent methylated arsenicals in biological matrices. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2001; 174: 282–293, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Delnomdedieu M., Styblo M., Thomas D. J. Time dependence of accumulation and binding of inorganic and organic arsenic species in rabbit erythrocytes. Chem. Biol. Interact. 1995; 98: 69–83, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Dong J., Luo X. Effects of arsenic on DNA damage and repair in human fetal lung fibroblasts. Mutat. Res. 1994; 315: 11–15, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Dopp E., Hartmann L. M., Florea A.-M., von Recklinghausen U., Pieper R., Shokouhi B., Rettenmeirer A. W., Hirner A. V., Obe G. Uptake of inorganic and organic derivatives of arsenic associated with induced cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2004; 201: 156–165, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Eguchi N., Kuroda K., Endo G. Metabolites of arsenic induced tetraploids and mitotic arrest in cultured cells. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1997; 32: 141–145, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Endo G., Kuroda K., Okamoto A., Horiguchi S. Dimethylarsenic acid induces tetraploids in Chinese hamster cells. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1992; 48: 131–137, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Ferreccio C., Gonzalez C., Milosavjlevic V., Marshall G., Sancha A. M., Smith A. H. Lung cancer and arsenic concentrations in drinking water in chile. Epidemiology 2000; 11: 673–679, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Fischer A. B., Buchet J. P., Lauwerys R. R. Arsenic uptake, cytotoxicity and detoxification studied in mammalian cells in culture. Arch. Toxicol. 1985; 57: 168–172, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Francesconi K. A., Tanggaar R., McKenzie C. J., Goessler W. Arsenic metabolites in human urine after ingestion of an arsenosugar. Clin. Chem 2002; 48: 92–101, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Gebel T. W. Arsenic methylation is a process of detoxification through accelerated excretion. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2002; 205: 505–508, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Georis B., Cardenas A., Buchet J. P., Lauwerys R. Inorganic arsenic methylation by rat tissue slices. Toxicology 1990; 63: 73–84, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Germolec D. R., Spalding J., Yu H.-S., Chen G. S., Simeonova P. P., Humble M. C., Bruccoleri A., Boorman G. A., Foley J. F., Yoshida T., Luster M. I. Arsenic enhancement of skin neoplasia by chronic stimulation of growth factors. Am. J. Pathol 1998; 153: 1775–1785, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Gong Z., Lu X., Cullen W. R., Le X. C. Unstable trivalent arsenic metabolites, monomethylarsonous acid and dimethylarsinous acid. J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 2001; 16: 1409–1413, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Goodman J. I. A perspective on current and future uses of alternative models for carcinogenicity testing. Toxicol. Pathol. 2001; 29: 173–176, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Gregus Z., Németi B. The glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase works as an arsenate reductase in human red blood cells and rat liver cytosol. Toxicol. Sci. 2005; 85: 859–869, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Guo H. R. Arsenic level in drinking water and mortality of lung cancer (Taiwan). Cancer Causes Control 2004; 15: 171–177, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Hamadeh H. K., Trouba K. J., Amin R. P., Afshari C. A., Germolec D. Coordination of altered DNA repair and damage pathways in arsenite-exposed keratinocytes. Toxicol. Sci. 2002; 69: 306–316, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Hansen H. R., Raab A., Jaspars M., Milne B. F., Feldman J. Sulfur-containing arsenical mistaken for dimethylarsinous acid [DMA(III)] and identified as a natural metabolite in urine: Major implications for studies on arsenic metabolism and toxicity. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2004; 17: 1086–1091, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Haseman J. K., Tharrington E. C., Huff J. E., McConnell E. E. Comparison of site-specific and overall tumor incidence analyses for 81 recent National Toxicology Program carcinogenicity studies. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 1986; 6: 155–170, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Hayakawa T., Kobahashi Y., Cui X. A new metabolic pathway of arsenite: Arsenic-glutathione complexes are substrates for human arsenic methyltransferase Cyt19. Arch. Toxicol. 2005; 79: 183–191, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Hayashi H., Kanisawa M., Yamanaka K., Ito T., Udaka N., Ohji H., Okudela K., Okada S., Kitamura H. Dimethylarsinic acid, a main metabolite of inorganic arsenics, has tumorigenicity and progression effects in the pulmonary tumors of A/J mice. Cancer Lett 1998; 125: 83–88, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Healy S. M., Zakharyan R. A., Aposhian H. V. Enzymatic methylation of arsenic compounds: IV. In vitro and in vivo deficiency of the methylation of arsenite and monomethylarsonic acid in the guinea pig. Mutat. Res. 1997; 386: 229–239, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Healy S. M., Casarez E. A., Ayala-Fierro F., Aposhian H. Enzymatic methylation of arsenic compounds. V. Arsenite methyltransferase activity in tissues of mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1998; 148: 65–70, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Herbel M. J., Switzer Blum J., Hoeft S. E., Cohen S. M., Arnold L. L., Lisak J., Stolz J. F., Oremland R. S. Dissimilatory arsenate reductase activity and arsenate-respiring bacteria in bovine rumen fluid, hamster feces, and the termite hindgut. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 2002; 41: 59–67, [CSA]
- Hill A. B. The environment and disease: Association or causation?. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 1965; 58: 295–300, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Hirata M., Tanaka A., Hisanaga A., Ishinishi N. Effects of glutathione depletion on the acute nephrotoxic potential of arsenite and on the arsenic metabolism in the hamster. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol 1990; 106: 469–481, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Hirano S., Cui X., Li S., Kanno S., Kobayashi Y., Hayakawa T., Shraim A. Difference in uptake and toxicity of trivalent and pentavalent inorganic arsenic in rat heart microvessel endothelial cells. Arch. Toxicol. 2003; 77: 305–312, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Hirano S., Kobayashi Y., Cui X., Kanno S., Hayakawa T., Shraim A. The accumulation and toxicity of methylated arsenicals in endothelial cells: Important roles of thiol compounds. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol 2004; 198: 458–467, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Hu Y., Su L., Snow E. T. Arsenic toxicity is enzyme specific and its affects on ligation are not caused by the direct inhibition of DNA repair enzymes. Mutat. Res. 1998; 408: 203–218, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Huang R. N., Lee T. C. Cellular uptake of trivalent arsenite and pentavalent arsenate in KB cells cultured in phosphate-free medium. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1996; 136: 243–249, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Huff J., Chan P., Nyska A. Is the human carcinogen arsenic carcinogenic to laboratory animals?. Toxicol. Sci. 2000; 55: 17–23, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Hughes M. F. Arsenic toxicity and potential mechanisms of action. Toxicol. Lett. 2002; 133: 1–16, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Hughes M. F., Kenyon E. M. Dose-dependent effects on the disposition of monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid in the mouse after intravenous administration. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A. 1998; 53: 95–112, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Hughes M. F., Del Razo L. M., Kenyon E. M. Dose-dependent effects on tissue distribution and metabolism of dimethylarsinic acid in the mouse after intravenous administration. Toxicology 2000; 143: 155–166, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Hughes M. F., Devesa V., Edwards B. C., Mitchell C. T., Kenyon E. M., Thomas D. J. Effect of dose on the excretion and metabolism of monomethylarsonic acid in the mouse. Toxicologist 2004; 78, [CSA]
- IARC WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer. Arsenic and arsenic compounds. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinogen. Risk Chems Hum. 1980; 23: 39–141, [CSA]
- IARC Working Group. Consensus Report. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Sci. Pub 1999; 147: 1–32, [CSA]
- Jaghabir M. W., Abdelghani A. A., Anderson A. C. Absorption, distribution, and elimination of arsenic in New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctalagus cuniculus) following multiple oral doses of monosodium methane arsonate. Environ. Toxicol. Water Quality 1991; 6: 113–119, [CSA]
- Jiang G., Gong Z., Li X-F., Cullen W. R., Le X. C. Interaction of trivalent arsenicals with metallothionein. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2003; 16: 873–880, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Kala S. V., Neely N. W., Kala G., Prater C. I., Atwood D. W., Rice J. S., Lieberman M. W. The MRP2/CMOAT transporter and arsenic-glutathione complex formation are required for biliary excretion of arsenic. J. Biol. Chem. 2000; 275: 33404–33408, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Kala S. V., Kala G., Prater C. I., Sartorelli A. C., Lieberman M. W. Formation and urinary excretion of arsenic triglutathione and methylarsenic diglutathione. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2004; 17: 243–249, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Kashiwada E., Kuroda K., Endo G. Aneuploidy induced by dimethylarsinic acid in mouse bone marrow cells. Mutat. Res. 1998; 413: 33–38, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Kato K., Hayashi H., Hasegawa A., Yamanaka K., Okada S. DNA damage induced in cultured human alveolar (L-132) cells by exposure to dimethylarsinic acid. Environ. Health Perspect. 1994; 102: 285–288, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Kato K., Yamanaka K., Hasegawa A., Okada S. Active arsenic species produced by GSH-dependent reduction of dimethylarsinic acid cause micronuclei formation in peripheral reticulocytes of mice. Mutat. Res. 2003; 539: 55–63, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Kenyon E. M., Hughes M. F. A concise review of the toxicity and carcinogenicity of dimethylarsinic acid. Toxicology 2001; 160: 227–236, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Kitchin K. T. Recent advances in arsenic carcinogenesis: Modes of action, animal model systems, and methylated arsenic metabolites. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2001; 172: 249–261, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Kitchin K. T., Ahmad S. Oxidative stress as a possible mode of action for arsenic carcinogenesis. Toxicol. Lett. 2003; 137: 3–13, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Kligerman A. D., Doerr C. L., Tennant A. H., Harrington-Brock K., Allen J. W., Winkfield E., Poorman-Allen P., Kundu B., Funasaka K., Roop B. C., Mass M. J., DeMarini D. M. Methylated trivalent arsenicals as candidate ultimate genotoxic forms of arsenic: Induction of chromosomal mutations but not gene mutations. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2003; 42: 192–205, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Klimecki W. T., Borchers A. H., Egbert R. E., Nagle R. B., Carter D. E., Bowden G. T. Effects of acute and chronic arsenic exposure of human-derived keratinocytes in an in vitro human skin equivalent system: A novel model of human arsenicism. Toxicology in Vitro 1997; 11: 89–98, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Kobayashi Y., Cui X., Hirano S. Stability of arsenic metabolites, arsenic triglutathione [As(GS)3] and methylarsenic diglutathione [CH3As(GS)2], in rat bile. Toxicology 2005; 211: 115–123, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Kochler T. S., Howard W., Hoffman S., Brammer-Carleton L. Effect of trivalent and pentavalent arsenic in causing chromosome alterations in cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Toxicol. Lett. 1996; 84: 37–42, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Le X. C., Lu X., Ma M., Cullen W. R., Aposhian H. V., Zheng B. Speciation of key arsenic metabolic intermediates in human urine. Anal. Chem. 2000a; 72: 5172–5177, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Le X. C., Ma M., Cullen W. R., Aposhian H. V., Lu X., Zheng B. Determination of monomethylarsonous acid, a key arsenic methylation intermediate, in human urine. Environ. Health Perspect. 2000b; 108: 1015–1018, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Lerman S., Clarkson T. W. The metabolism or arsenite and arsenate by the rat. Fundam. Appl. Toxico 1983; 3: 309–314, [CSA]
- Lerman S. A., Clarkson T. W., Gerson R. J. Arsenic uptake and metabolism by liver cells is dependent on arsenic oxidation state. Chem. Biol. Interact. 1983; 45: 401–406, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Lewis D. R., Southwick J. W., Ouellet-Hellstrom R., Rench J., Calderon R. L. Drinking water arsenic in Utah: A cohort mortality study. Environ. Health Perspect 1999; 107: 359–365, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Li W., Wanibuchi H., Salim E. I., Yamamoto S., Yoshida K., Endo G., Fukushima S. Promotion of NCI-Black-Reiter male rat bladder carcinogenesis by dimethylarsinic acid an organic arsenic compound. Cancer Lett 1998; 134: 29–36, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Lin S., Shi Q., Nix B., Styblo M., Beck M. A., Herbin-Davis K. M., Hall L. L., Simeonsson J. B., Thomas D. J. A novel S-adenosyl-L-methionine: Arsenic(III) methyltransferase from rat liver cytosol. J. Biol. Chem. 2002; 277: 10795–10803, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Liu S. X., Athar M., Lippai I., Waldren C., Hei T. K. Induction of oxyradicals by arsenic: Implication for mechanism of genotoxicity. Cell Biol. 2001; 98: 1643–1648, [CSA]
- Liu S. X., Davidson M. M., Tang X., Walker W. F., Athar M., Ivanov V., Hei T. K. Mitochondrial damage mediates genotoxicity of arsenic in mammalian cells. Cancer Res. 2005; 65: 3236–3242, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Lu X., Arnold L. L., Cohen S. M., Cullen W. R., Le X. C. Speciation of dimethylarsinous acid and trimethylarsine oxide in urine from rats fed with dimethylarsinic acid and dimercaptopropane sulfonate. Anal. Chem 2003; 75: 6463–6468, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Lu M., Wang H., Li X-F., Lu X., Cullen W. R., Arnold L. L., Cohen S. M., Le X. C. Evidence of hemoglobin binding to arsenic as a basis for the accumulation of arsenic in rat blood. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2004; 17: 1733–1742, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Luster M. I., Simeonova P. P. Arsenic and urinary bladder cell proliferation. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2004; 198: 419–423, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Males R. G., Nelson J. C., Phillips P. S., Cullen W. R., Herring F. G. Vesicular membrane permeability of monomethylarsonic and dimethylarsinic acids. Biophys. Chem. 1998; 70: 75–85, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Mandal B. K., Ogra Y., Suzuki K. T. Identification of dimethylarsinous and monomethylarsonous acids in human urine of the arsenic-affected areas in West Bengal, India. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2001; 14: 371–378, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Mandal B. K., Ogra Y., Anzai K., Suzuki K. T. Speciation of arsenic in biological samples. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2004; 198: 307–318, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Marafante E., Vahter M., Envall J. The role of methylation in the detoxification of arsenate in the rabbit. Chem. Biol. Interact 1985; 56: 225–238, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Marafante E., Vahter M., Norin H., Envall J., Sandstrom M., Christakopoulos A., Ryhage R. Biotransformation of dimethylarsinic acid in mouse, hamster and man. J. Appl. Toxicol. 1987; 7: 111–117, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Mass M. J., Tennant A., Roop B. C., Cullen W. R., Styblo M., Thomas D. J., Kligerman A. D. Methylated trivalent arsenic species are genotoxic. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2001; 14: 355–361, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Meek M. E., Bucher J. R., Cohen S. M., Dellarco V., Hill R. N., Lehman-McKeeman L. D., Longfellow D. G., Pastoor T., Seed J., Patton D. E. A framework for human relevance analysis of information on carcinogenic modes of action. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 2003; 33: 591–653, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Mok W. M., Wai C. M. Mobilization of arsenic in contaminated river waters. Arsenic in the Environment. Part I: Cycling and Characterization, J. O. Nriagu. Wiley, New York 1994; 99–118
- Moore M. M., Harrington-Brock K., Doerr C. L. Relative genotoxic potency of arsenic and its methylated metabolites. Mutat. Res. 1997; 386: 279–290, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Morikawa T., Wanibuchi H., Morimura K., Ogawa M., Fukushima S. Promotion of skin carcinogenesis by dimethylarsinic acid in keratin (K6)/ODC transgenic mice. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 2000; 91: 579–581, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Moser G. J., Goodwin R., Germolec D. Carcinogenic studies with arsenical species in female Tg.AC (z-globin-promoted v-Ha-Ras) transgenic mice. Toxicologist 2002; 66: 183, [CSA]
- Murai T., Iwata H., Otoshi T., Endo G., Horiguchi S., Fukushima S. Renal lesions induced in F344/DuCrj rats by 4-weeks oral administration of dimethylarsinic acid. Toxicol. Lett. 1993; 66: 53–61, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Mure K., Uddin A. N., Lopez L. C., Styblo M., Rossman T. G. Arsenite induces delayed mutagenesis and transformation in human osteosarcoma cells at extremely low concentrations. Environ. Molec. Mutagen. 2003; 41: 322–331, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- National Research Council Subcommittee on Arsenic in Drinking Water. Arsenic in Drinking Water. National Academy Press, Washington, DC 1999
- National Toxicology Program. Minutes of the meeting of the Board of Scientific Counselors. 2002
- Németi B., Gregus Z. Reduction of arsenate to arsenite by human erythrocyte lysate and rat liver cytosol—Characterization of a glutathione- and HAD-dependent arsenate reduction linked to glycosis. Toxicol. Sci. 2005; 85: 847–858, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Nesnow S., Roop B. C., Lambert G., Kadiiska M., Mason R. P., Cullen W. R., Mass M. J. DNA damage induced by methylated trivalent arsenicals is mediated by reactive oxygen species. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2002; 15: 1627–1634, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Nishikawa T., Wanibuchi H., Ogawa M., Kinoshita A., Morimura K., Hiroi T., Funae Y., Kishida H., Nakae D., Fukushima S. Promoting effects of monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid and trimethylarsine oxide on induction of rat liver preneoplastic glutathione S-transferase placental form positive foci: A possible reactive oxygen species mechanism. Int. J. Cancer 2002; 100: 136–139, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Noda Y., Suzuki T., Kohara A., Hasegawa A., Yotsuyanagi T., Hayashi M., Sofuni T., Yamanaka K., Okada S. In vivo genotoxicity evaluation of dimethylarsinic acid in Muta(TM)Mouse. Mutat. Res 2002; 513: 205–212, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Nordstrom D. K. Public health. Worldwide occurrences of arsenic in ground water. Science 2002; 296: 2143–2145, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Ochi T. Induction of centrosome injury, multipolar spindles and multipolar division in cultured V79 cells exposed to dimethylarsinic acid: role for microtubules in centrosome dynamics. Mutat. Res. 2000; 454: 21–33, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Ochi T., Nakajima F., Nasui M. Distribution of γ -tubulin in multipolar spindles and multinucleated cells induced by dimethylarsinic acid, a methylated derivative of inorganic arsenics, in Chinese hamster V79 cells. Toxicology 1999; 136: 79–88, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Ochi T., Suzuki T., Barrett J. C., Tsutsui T. A trivalent dimethylarsinic compound, dimethylarsine iodide, induces cellular transformation, aneuploidy, centrosome abnormality and multipolar spindle formation in Syrian hamster embryo cells. Toxicology 2004; 203: 155–163, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Okayasu R., Takahashi S., Sato H., Kubota Y., Scolavino S., Bedford J. S. Induction of DNA double strand breaks by arsenite: Comparative studies with DNA breaks induced by X-rays. DNA Repair 2003; 2: 309–314, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Okina M., Yoshida K., Kuroda K., Wanibuchi H., Fukushima S., Endo G. Determiniation of trivalent methylated arsenicals in rat urine by liquid chromatography–inductively couple plasma mass spectrometry after solvent extraction. J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Tehcnol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2004; 799: 209–215, [CSA]
- Oya-Ohta Y., Kaise T., Ochi T. Induction of chromosomal aberrations in cultured human fibroblasts by inorganic and organic arsenic compounds and the different roles of glutathione in such induction. Mutat. Res. 1996; 357: 123–129, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Petrick J. S., Ayala-Fierro F., Cullen W. R., Carter D. E., Aposhian H. V. Monomethylarsonous acid (MMAIII) is more toxic than arsenite in Chang human hepatocytes. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2000; 163: 203–207, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Popovicova J., Moser G. J., Goldsworthy T. L., Tice R. R. Carcinogenicity and co-carcinogenicity of sodium arsenite in p53+− male mice. Toxicologist 2000; 54: 134, [CSA]
- Rahman M. M., Chowdhury U. K., Mukherjee S. C., Mondal B. K., Paul K., Lodh D., Biswas B. K., Chanda C. R., Basu G. K., Saha K. C., Roy S., Das R., Palit S. K., Quamruzzaman Q., Chakraborti D. Chronic arsenic toxicity in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India: A review and commentary. Clin. Toxicol. 2001; 39: 683–700, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Rin K., Kawaguchi K., Yamanaka K., Tezuka M., Oku N., Okada S. DNA-strand breaks induced by dimethylarsinic acid, a metabolite of inorganic arsenics, are strongly enhanced by superoxide anion radicals. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 1995; 18: 45–48, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Rizki M., Kossatz E., Xamena N., Creus A., Marcos R. Influence of sodium arsenite on the genotoxicity of potassium dichromate and ethyl methanesulfonate: Studies with the wing spot test in Drosophila. Environ. Mol. Mutagen 2002; 39: 49–54, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Rossman T. G. Mechanism of arsenic carcinogenesis: An integrated approach. Mutat. Res. 2003; 533: 37–65, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Rossman T. G., Uddin A. N., Burns F. J., Bosland M. C. Arsenite is a cocarcinogen with solar ultraviolet radiation for mouse skin: An animal model for arsenic carcinogenesis. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol 2001; 176: 64–71, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Rudel R., Slayton T. M., Beck B. D. Implications of arsenic genotoxicity for dose response of carcinogenic effects. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 1996; 23: 87–105, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Rusyn I., Asakura S., Pachkowski B., Bradford B. U., Denissenko M. F., Peters J. M., Holland S. M., Reddy J. K., Cunningham M. L., Swenberg J. A. Expression of base excision DNA repair genes is a sensitive biomarker for in vivo detection of chemical-induced chronic oxidative stress: Identification of the molecular source of radicals responsible for DNA damage by peroxisome proliferators. Cancer Res. 2004; 64: 1050–1057, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Sakurai T., Kaise T., Matsubara C. Inorganic and methylated arsenic compounds induce cell death in murine macrophages via different mechanisms. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1998; 11: 273–283, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Sakurai T., Qu W., Sakurai M. H., Waalkes M. P. A major human arsenic metabolite, dimethylarsinic acid, requires reduced glutathione to induce apoptosis. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2002; 15: 629–637, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Sakurai T., Kojima C., Ochiai M., Ohta T., Sakurai M. H., Waalkes M. P., Fujiwara K. Cellular glutathione prevents cytolethality of monomethylarsonic acid. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2004; 195: 129–141, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Salim E. I., Wanibuchi H., Morimura K., Wei M., Mitsuhashi M., Yoshida K., Endo G. Carcinogenicity of dimethylarsinic acid in p53 heterozygous knockout and wild-type C57BL/6J mice. Carcinogenesis 2003; 24: 335–342, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Sampayo-Reyes A., Zakharyan R. A., Healy S. M., Aposhian H. V. Monomethylarsonic acid reductase and monomethylarsonous acid in hamster tissue. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2000; 13: 1181–1186, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Schoen A., Beck B., Sharma R., Dube E. Arsenic toxicity at low doses: Epidemiological and mode of action considerations. Toxicol. Appl. Pharm 2004; 198: 253–267, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Schuliga M., Chouchange S., Snow E. T. Upregulation of glutathione-related genes and enzyme activities in cultured human cells by sublethal concentrations of inorganic arsenic. Toxicol. Sci. 2002; 70: 183–192, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Schwerdtle T., Walter I., Mackiw I., Hartwig A. Induction of oxidative DNA damage by arsenite and its trivalent and pentavalent methylated metabolites in cultured human cells and isolated DNA. Carcinogenesis 2003; 24: 967–974, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Seike N., Wanibuchi H., Morimura K., Nishikawa T., Kishida H., Nakae D., Hirata K., Fukushima S. Lack of promoting effect due to oral administration of dimethylarsinic acid on rat lung carcinogenesis initiated with N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine. Cancer Lett. 2002; 175: 113–119, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Sens D. A., Park S., Gurel V., Sens M. A., Garrett S. H., Somji S. Inorganic cadmium- and arsenite-induced malignant transformation of human bladder urothelial cells. Toxicol. Sci. 2004; 79: 56–63, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Shariatpanahi M., Anderson A. C. Distribution and toxicity of monosodium methanearsonate following oral administration of the herbicide to dairy sheep and goats. J. Environ. Sci. Health B 1984; 19: 427–439, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Shen J., Wanibuchi H., Salim E. I., Wei M., Doi K., Yoshida K., Endo G., Morimura K., Fukushima S. Induction of glutathione S-transferase palacental form positive foci in liver an epithelial hyperplasia in urinary bladder, but no tumor development in male Fischer 344 rats treated with monomethylarsonic acid for 104 weeks. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol 2003; 193: 335–345, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Shi H., Hudson L. G., Ding W., Wang S., Cooper K. L., Liu S., Chen Y., Shi X., Liu K. J. Arsenite causes DNA damage in keratinocytes via generation of hydroxyl radicals. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2004; 17: 871–878, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Shiobara Y., Ogra Y., Suzuki K. T. Animal species difference in the uptake of dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(III)) by red blood cells. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2001; 14: 1446–1452, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Simeonova P. P., Wang S., Toriuma W., Kommineni V., Matheson J., Unimye N., Kayama F., Harki D., Ding M., Vallyathan V., Luster M. I. Arsenic mediates cell proliferation and gene expression in the bladder epithelium: Association iwth activating protein-1 transactivation. Cancer Res. 2000; 60: 3445–3453, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Sonich-Mullin C., Fielder R., Wiltse J., Baetcke K., Dempsey J., Fenner-Crisp P., Grant D., Hartley M., Knaap A., Kroese D., Mangelsdorf I., Meek E., Rice J. M., Younes M. IPCS conceptual framework for evaluating a MOA for chemical carcinogenesis. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2001; 34: 146–152, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Sordo M., Herrera L. A., Ostrosky-Wegman P., Rojas E. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of As, MMA, and DMA on leukocytes and stimulated human lymphocytes. Teratogen. Carcinogen. Mutagen. 2001; 21: 249–260, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- States J. C., Reiners J. J., Jr., Pounds J. G., Kaplan D. J., Beauerle B. D., McNeely S. C., Mathieu P., McCabe M. J., Jr. Arsenite disrupts mitosis and induces apoptosis in SV40-transformed human skin fibroblasts. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2002; 180: 83–91, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Stevens J. T., Hall L. L., Farmer J. D., DiPasquale L. C., Chernoff N., Durham W. F. Disposition of 14C and/or 74As-cacodylic acid in rats after intravenous, intratracheal, or peroral administration. Environ. Health Perspect. 1977; 19: 151–157, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Styblo M., Thomas D. J. Binding of arsenicals to proteins in an in vitro methylation system. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1997; 147 1–8, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Styblo M., Yamauchi H., Thomas D. J. Comparative in vitro methylation of trivalent and pentavalent arsenicals. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1995; 135: 172–178, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Styblo M., Del Razo L. M., LeCluyse E. L., Hamilton G. A., Wang C., Cullen W. R., Thomas D. J. Metabolism of arsenic in primary cultures of human and rat hepatocytes. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1999b; 12: 560–565, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Styblo M., Vega L., Germolec D. R., Luster M. I., Del Razo L. M., Wang C., Cullen W. R., Thomas D. J. Metabolism and toxicity of arsenicals in cultured cells. Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects, W. R. Chappell, C. O. Abernathy, R. L. Calderon. Elsevier Science, Oxford 1999b; 311–323
- Styblo M., Del Razo L. M., Vega L., Germolec D. R., LeCluyse E. L., Hamilton G. A., Reed W., Wang C., Cullen W. R., Thomas D. J. Comparative toxicity of trivalent and pentavalent inorganic and methylated arsenicals in rat and human cells. Arch. Toxicol 2000; 74: 289–299, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Styblo M., Drobna Z., Jaspers I., Lin S., Thomas D. J. The role of biomethylation in toxicity and carcinogenicity of arsenic: A research update. Environ Health Perspect. 2002; 110: 767–771, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Tezuka M., Hanioka K., Yamanaka K., Okada S. Gene damage induced in human alveolar type II (L-132) cells by exposure to dimethylarsinic acid. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1993; 191: 1178–1183, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Thomas D. J., Styblo M., Lin S. The cellular metabolism and systemic toxicity of arsenic. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2001; 176: 127–144, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Thomas D. J., Waters S. B., Styblo M. Elucidating the pathway for arsenic methylation. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol 2004; 198: 319–326, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Thompson D. J. A chemical hypothesis for arsenic methylation in mammals. Chem. Biol. Interact. 1993; 88: 89–114, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Tseng W. P., Chu H. M., How S. W. Prevalence of skin cancer in an endemic area of chronic arsenicism in Taiwan. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1968; 40: 453–463, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Tsuchiya T., Tanaka-Kagawa T., Jinno H., Tokunaga H., Sakimoto K., Ando M., Umeda M. Inorganic arsenic compounds and methylated metabolites induce morphological transformation in two-stage BALB/c 3T3 cell assay and inhibit metabolic cooperation in V79 cell assay. Toxicol. Sci. 2005; 84: 344–351, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Tucker S. B., Lamm S. H., Li F. X., Wilson R., Byrd D. M., Lai S., Tong Y., Loo L., Zhao H. X., Zhendong L., Polkanov M. Relationship between consumption of arsenic-contaminated well water and skin disorders in Huhhot, Inner Monogolia. Inner Mongolia Cooperative Arsenic Project. 2001
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Health Effects Assessment Summary. Tables: FY-1997 update [HEAST]. EPA/540/R-97/036, 1997
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. National primary drinking water regulations. 1998, Disinfectants and disinfection byproducts notice of data availability. http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-WATER/1998/March/Day-31/w8215.htm
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment. Risk Assessment Forum. SAB review draft. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 1999, http://www.epa.gov/ncea/raf/cancer.htm
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Toxicological Review of Chloroform. 2001b, EPA/635/R-01/001
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). 2004, http://www.epa.gov/iris
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 2005, http://www.epa.gov/cancerguidelines
- Vahter M. Metabolism of arsenic. Biological and Environmental Effects of Arsenic, B. A. Fowler. Elsevier Science, Oxford 1983; 171–197
- Vahter M. Species differences in the metabolism of arsenic compounds. Appl. Organometallic Chem. 1994; 8: 175–182, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Vahter M. Methylation of inorganic arsenic in different mammalian species and population groups. Sci. Prog. 1999; 82: 69–88, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Vahter M., Concha G. Role of metabolism in arsenic toxicity. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2001; 89: 1–5, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Vahter M., Envall J. In vivo reduction of arsenate in mice and rabbits. Environ. Res. 1983; 32: 14–24, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Vahter M., Marafante E. Intracellular interaction and metabolic fate of arsenite and arsenate in mice and rabbits. Chem. Biol. Interact. 1983; 47: 29–44, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Vahter M., Marafante E. In vivo methylation and detoxication of arsenic. Biological Alkylation of Heavy Metals, P. J. Craig, F. Glockling. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge 1988; 105–119
- Vahter M., Marafante E., Lindgren A., Dencker L. Tissue distribution and subcellular binding of arsenic in marmoset monkeys after injection of 74As-arsenite. Arch. Toxicol. 1982; 51: 65–77, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Vahter M., Marafante E., Dencker L. Tissue distribution and retention of 74As-dimethylarsinic acid in mice and rats. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1984; 13: 259–264, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- van Gemert M., Eldan M. Chronic carcinogenicity assessment of cacodylic acid. Society for Environmental Geochemistry and Health (SEGH) Third International Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects, Book of Abstracts, San Diego, CA, July, 1998; 113, 12-15
- van Gemert M., Eldan M. Cacodylic acid—A review of the scientific data of carcinogenicity studies in response to the USEPA memorandum July 27, 1994. Luxembourg-Pamol, Inc., Memphis, TN 1999
- Vega L., Styblo M., Patterson R., Cullen W., Wang C., Germolec D. Differential effects of trivalent and pentavalent arsenicals on cell proliferation and cytokine secretion in normal epidermal keratinocytes. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2001; 172: 225–232, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Vijayaraghavan M., Wanibuchi H., Karim R., Yamamoto S., Masuda C., Nakae D., Konishi Y., Fukushima S. Dimethylarsinic acid induces 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine formation in the kidney of NCI-Black-Reiter rats. Cancer Lett 2001; 165: 11–17, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Waalkes M. P., Ward J. M., Liu J., Diwan B. A. Transplacental carcinogenicity of inorganic arsenic in the drinking water: Induction of hepatic, ovarian, pulmonary, and adrenal tumors in mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol 2003; 186: 7–17, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Waalkes M. P., Liu J., Chen H., Xie Y., Achanzar W. E., Shou Y.-S., Cheng M.-L., Diwan B. A. Estrogen signaling in livers of male mice with hepatocellular carcinoma induced by exposure to arsenic in utero. J. Natl. Cancer Inst 2004a; 96: 466–474, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Waalkes M. P., Ward J. M., Diwan B. A. Induction of tumors of the liver, lung, ovary and adrenal in adult mice after brief maternal gestational exposure to inorganic arsenic: Promotional effects of postnatal phorbol ester exposure on hepatic and pulmonary, but not dermal cancers. Carcinogenesis 2004b; 25: 133–141, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Wang T., Huang H. Active oxygen species are involved in the induction of micronuclei by arsenite in XRS-5 cells. Mutagenesis 1994; 9: 253–257, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Wang T., Hsu T., Chung C., Wang A. S.S., Bau D., Jan K. Arsenite induces oxidative DNA adducts and DNA-protein cross-links in mammalian cells. Free Radical Biol. Med. 2001; 31: 321–330, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Wang J. P., Qi L., Moore M. R., Ng J. C. A review of animal models for the study of arsenic carcinogensis. Toxicol. Lett. 2002; 133: 17–31, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Wang Z., Zhou J., Lu X., Gong Z., Le X. C. Arsenic speciation in urine from acute promyelocytic leukemia patients undergoing arsenic trioxide treatment. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2004; 17: 95–103, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Wanibuchi H., Yamamoto S., Chen H., Yoshida K., Endo G., Hori T., Fukushima S. Promoting effects of dimethylarsinic acid on N-butyl-N-(4- hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine-induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis in rats. Carcinogenesis 1996; 17: 2435–2439, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Wanibuchi H., Hori T., Meenakshi V., Ichihara T., Yamamoto S., Yano Y., Otani S., Nakae D., Konishi Y., Fukushima S. Promotion of rat hepatocarcinogenesis by dimethylarsinic acid: Association with elevated ornithine decarboxylase activity and formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in the liver. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 1997; 88: 1149–1154, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Wanibuchi H., Salim E. I., Kinoshita A., Shen J., Wei M., Morimura K., Yoshida K., Kuroda K., Endo G., Fukushima S. Understanding arsenic carcinogenicity by the use of animal models. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2004; 198: 366–376, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Waters S. B., Devesa V., Del Razo L. M., Styblo M., Thomas D. J. Endogenous reductants support the catalytic function of recombinant rat Cyt19, an arsenic methyltransferase. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2004a; 17: 404–409, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Waters S. B., Devesa V., Fricke M. W., Creed J. T., Styblo M., Thomas D. J. Glutathione modulates recombinant rat arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase-catalyzed formation of trimethylarsine oxide and trimethylarsine. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2004; 17: 1621–1629, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Wei M., Wanibuchi H., Morimura K., Iwai S., Yoshida K., Endo G., Nakae D., Fukushima S. Carcinogenicity of dimethylarsinic acid in male F344 rats and genetic alterations in induced urinary bladder tumors. Carcinogenesis 2002; 23: 1387–1397, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Wei M., Cohen S. M., Cano M., Arnold L. L. Effects of co-administration of antioxicants and arsenicals on the rat urinary bladder epithelium. Toxicol. Sci. 2005; 83: 237–245, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Wildfang E., Zakharyan R. A., Aposhian H. V. Enzymatic methylation of arsenic compounds. VI. Characterization of hamster liver arsenite and methylarsonic acid methyltransferase activities in vitro. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1998; 152: 366–375, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Winski S. L., Carter D. E. Interactions of rat red blood cell sulfhydryls with arsenate and arsenite. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 1995; 46: 379–397, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Wu M. M., Kuo T. L., Hwang Y. H., Chen C. J. Dose-response relationship between arsenic concentration in well water and mortality from cancers and vascular diseases. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1989; 130: 1123–1132, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Yager J. W., Wiencke J. K. Enhancement of chromosomal damage by arsenic: Implications for mechanism. Environ. Health Perspect. 1993; 101: 79–82, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Yamamoto S., Konishi Y., Matsuda T., Murai T., Shibata M. A., Matsui-Yuasa I., Otani S., Kuroda K., Endo G., Fukushima S. Cancer induction by an organic arsenic compound, dimethylarsinic acid (cacodylic acid), in F344/DuCrj rats after pretreatment with five carcinogens. Cancer Res 1995; 55: 1271–1276, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Yamamoto S., Wanibuchi H., Hori T., Yano Y., Matsui-Yuasa I., Otani S., Chen H., Yoshida K., Kuroda K., Endo G., Fukushima S. Possible carcinogenic potential of dimethylarsinic acid as assessed in rat in vivo models: A review. Mutat. Res. 1997; 386: 353–361, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Yamanaka K., Okada S. Induction of lung-specific DNA damage by metabolically methylated arsenics via the production of free radicals. Environ. Health Perspect. 1994; 102: 37–40, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Yamanaka K., Hasegawa A., Sawamura R., Okada S. Dimethylated arsenics induce DNA strand breaks in lung via the production of active oxygen in mice. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1989a; 165: 43–50, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Yamanaka K., Hasegawa A., Sawamura R., Okada S. DNA strand breaks in mammalian tissues induced by methylarsenics. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 1989b; 21: 413–417, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Yamanaka K., Ohba H., Hasegawa A., Sawamura R., Okada S. Mutagenicity of dimethylated metabolites of inorganic arsenics. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 1989c; 37: 2753–2756, [CSA]
- Yamanaka K., Hoshino M., Yamanaka K., Hoshino M., Okamoto M., Sawamura R., Hasegawa A., Okada S. Induction of DNA damage by dimethylarsine, a metabolite of inorganic arsenics, is for the major part likely due to its peroxyl radical. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1990; 168: 58–64, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Yamanaka K., Tezuka M., Kato K., Hasegawa A., Okada S. Crosslink formation between DNA and nuclear proteins by in vivo and in vitro exposure of cells to dimethylarsinic acid. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1993; 191: 1184–1191, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Yamanaka K., Hayashi H., Kato K., Hasegawa A., Okada S. Involvement of preferential formation of apurinic/apyrimidinic sites in dimethylarsenic-induced DNA strand breaks and DNA-protein crosslinks in cultured alveolar epithelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1995; 207: 244–249, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Yamanaka K., Ohtsubo K., Hasegawa A., Hayashi H., Ohji H., Kanisawa M., Okada S. Exposure to dimethylarsinic acid, a main metabolite of inorganic arsenics, strongly promotes tumorigenesis initiated by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide in the lungs of mice. Carcinogenesis 1996; 17: 767–770, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Yamanaka K., Hayashi H., Kato K., Hasegawa A., Oku N., Okada S. DNA single-strand breaks in L-132 cells resulting from inhibition of repair polymerization shortly after exposure to dimethylarsinic acid. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 1997; 20: 163–167, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Yamanaka K., Katsumata K., Ikuma K., Hasegawa A., Nakano M., Okada S. The role of orally administered dimethylarsinic acid, a main metabolite of inorganic arsenics, in the promotion and progression of UVB-induced skin tumorigenesis in hairless mice. Cancer Lett. 2000; 152: 79–85, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Yamanaka K., Mizoi M., Kato K., Hasegawa A., Nakano M., Okada S. Oral administration of dimethylarsinic acid, a main metabolite of inorganic arsenic, in mice promotes skin tumorigenesis initiated by dimethylbenz(a)anthracene with or without ultraviolet B as a promoter. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2001a; 24: 510–514, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Yamanaka K., Takabayashi F., Mizoi M., An Y, Hasegawa A, Okada S. Oral exposure of dimethylarsinic acid, a main metabolite of inorganic arsenics, in mice leads to an increase in 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine level, specifically in the target organs for arsenic carcinogenesis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2001b; 287: 66–70, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Yamanaka K., Mizoi M., Tachidawa M., Hasegawa A., Hoshino M., Okada S. Oxidative DNA damage following exposure to dimethylarsinous iodide: The formation of cis-thymine glycol. Toxicol. Lett. 2003; 143: 145–153, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Yamauchi H., Yamamura Y. Metabolism and excretion of orally administered dimethylarsinic acid in the hamster. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1984; 74: 134–140, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Yamauchi H., Yamato N., Yamamura Y. Metabolism and excretion of orally and intraperitoneally administered methylarsonic acid in the hamster. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1988; 40: 280–286, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Yan-Chu H. Arsenic distribution in soils. In: Arsenic in the Environment. Part I: Cycling and Characterization, J. O. Nriagu. Wiley, New York 1994; 99–118
- Yih L., Ho I., Lee T. Sodium arsenite disturbs mitosis and induces chromosome loss in human fibroblasts. Cancer Res. 1997; 57: 5051–5059, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Yoshida K., Chen H., Inoue Y., Wanibuchi H., Fukushima S., Kuroda K., Endo G. The urinary excretion of arsenic metabolites after a single oral administration of dimethylarsinic acid to rats. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1997; 32: 416–421, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Yoshida K., Inoue Y., Kuroda K., Chen H., Wanibuchi H., Fukushima S., Endo G. Urinary excretion of arsenic metabolites after long-term oral administration of various arsenic compounds to rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 1998; 54: 179–192, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Zakharyan R. A., Aposhian H. V. Enzymatic reduction of arsenic compounds in mammalian systems: The rate-limiting enzyme of rabbit liver arsenic biotransfomation is MMAv reductase. Chem. Res. Toxicol 1999a; 12: 1278–1283, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Zakharyan R. A., Ayala-Fierro F., Cullen W. R., Carter D. M., Aposhian H. V. Enzymatic methylation of arsenic compounds. VII. Monomethylarsonous acid (MMAIII) is the substrate for MMA methyltransferase of rabbit liver and human hepatocytes. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1999b; 158: 9–15, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]