172
Views
35
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Guidelines for Treating Cardiac Manifestations of Organophosphates Poisoning with Special Emphasis on Long QT and Torsades De Pointes

, , , , , & show all
Pages 279-285 | Published online: 10 Oct 2008

REFERENCES

  • Abraham S., Oz N., Sahar R., Kadar T. QTc prolongation and cardiac lesions following acute organophosphate poisoning in rats. Proc. West Pharmacol. Soc. 2001; 44: 185–186
  • Al-Khatib S. M., LaPointe N.M., Kramer J. M., Califf R. M. What clinicians should know about the QT interval. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 2003; 289((16))2120–2127
  • Allon N., Rabinovitz I., Manistersky E., Weissman B. A., Grauer E. Acute and long-lasting cardiac changes following a single whole-body exposure to sarin vapor in rats. Toxicol. Sci. 2005; 87((2))385–390
  • Ballantyne and Marrs. Clinical & Experimental Toxicology of Organophosphates and Carbamates. 1992; 87–87
  • Carrington d a, Costa R.B., Pimentel J., Rebelo A., Souto, Goncalves J., Janeiro da, Costa J. Acute poisoning with organophosphorus compounds. Acta Med. Port. 1988; 1((4–6))291–295
  • Chharba M. L., Sepaha G. C., Jain S. R., Bhagwat R. R., Khandekar J. D. E.C.G. and necrosy changes in organophosphorus compound (malathion) poisoning. Indian J. Med. Sci. 1970; 24((7))424–429
  • Chuang F. R., Jang S. W., Lin J. L., Chern M. S., Chen J. B., Hsu K. T. QTc prolongation indicates a poor prognosis in patients with organophosphate poisoning. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 1996; 14((5))451–453
  • Drolet B., Khalifa M., Daleau P., Hamelin B. A., Turgeon J. Block of the rapid component of the delayed rectifier potassium current by the prokinetic agent cisapride underlies drug-related lengthening of the QT interval. Circulation. 1998; 97((2))204–210
  • Finkelstein Y., Kushnir A., Raikhlin-Eisenkraft B., Taitelman U. Antidotal therapy of severe acute organophosphate poisoning: A multihospital study. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 1989; 11((6))593–596
  • Furushima H., Niwano S., Chinushi M., Yamaura M., Taneda K., Washizuka T., Aizawa Y. Effect of atropine on QT prolongation and torsade de pointes induced by intracoronary acetylcholine in the long QT syndrome. Am. J. Cardiol. 1999; 83((5))714–718
  • Goldberger A. L. Disorders of the cardiovascular system. section 1, diagnosis of cardiovascular system. Electrocardiography. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill, New York 2005; (210): 1319–1319
  • Hall G. E., Ettinger G. H., Banting F. G. An experimental production of coronary thrombosis and myocardial damage. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1936; 34: 9–15
  • Hassler C., Moutovic R., Hamlin R., Hagerty M. Studies of the action of chemical agents on the heart. Proceedings of the Sixth Medical Chemical Defense Bioscience Review. US Army Medical Research Institute for Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 1987; pp. 551–554
  • Holstege C. P., Baer A. B. Insecticides. Curr. Treat. Options Neurol. 2004; 6((1))17–23
  • Jeyaratnam J. Acute pesticide poisoning: A major global health problem. World Health Stat. Q. 1990; 43((3))139–144
  • Josephson M. E., Zimetbaum P. Disorders of the cardiovascular system. section 2, Disorders of rhythm. The Tachyarrhythmias. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill, New York 2005; (214): 1353–1353
  • Khan I. A. Long QT syndrome: Diagnosis and management. Am. Heart J. 2002; 143((1))7–14
  • Khan I. A., Gowda R. M. Novel therapeutics for treatment of long-QT syndrome and torsade de pointes. Int. J. Cardiol. 2004; 95((1))1–6
  • Kiss Z., Fazekas T. Arrhythmias in organophosphate poisonings. Acta Cardiol. 1979; 34((5))323–330
  • Kiss Z., Fazekas T. Organophosphates and torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia. J. R. Soc. Med. 1983; 76((11))984–985
  • Kventsel I., Berkovitch M., Reiss A., Bulkowstein M., Kozer E. Scopolamine treatment for severe extra-pyramidal signs following organophosphate (chlorpyrifos) ingestion. Clin. Toxicol. (Phila). 2005; 43((7))877–879
  • Ludmer P. L., Selwyn A. P., Shook T. L., Wayne R. R., Mudge G. H., Alexander R. W., Ganz P. Paradoxical vasoconstriction induced by acetylcholine in atherosclerotic coronary arteries. N. Engl. J. Med. 1986; 315((17))1046–1051
  • Ludomirsky A., Klein H. O., Sarelli P., Becker B., Hoffman S., Taitelman U., Barzilai J., Lang R., David D., DiSegni E., Kaplinsky E. Q–T prolongation and polymorphous (“torsade de pointes”) ventricular arrhythmias associated with organophosphorus insecticide poisoning. Am. J. Cardiol. 1982; 49((7))1654–1658
  • Lyzhnikov E. A., Savina A. S., Shepelev V. M. Pathogenesis of disorders of cardiac rhythm and conductivity in acute organophasphate insecticide poisoning. Kardiologiia. 1975; 15((9))126–129
  • Manning G. W., Hall G. E. Vagus stimulation and the production of myocardial damage. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1937; 37: 314–318
  • McDonough J. H., Jr., Jaax N. K., Crowley R. A., Mays M. Z., Modrow H. E. Atropine and/or diazepam therapy protects against soman-induced neural and cardiac pathology. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1989; 13((2))256–276
  • Morita H., Yanagisawa N., Nakajima T., Shimizu M., Hirabayashi H., Okudera H., Nohara M., Midorikawa Y., Mimura S. Sarin poisoning in Matsumoto, Japan. Lancet. 1995; 346((8970))290–293
  • Namba T., Nolte C. T., Jackrel J., Grob D. Poisoning due to organophosphate insecticides. Acute and chronic manifestations. Am. J. Med. 1971; 50((4))475–492
  • Okumura T., Takasu N., Ishimatsu S., Miyanoki S., Mitsuhashi A., Kumada K., Tanaka K., Hinohara S. Report on 640 victims of the Tokyo subway sarin attack. Ann. Emerg. Med. 1996; 28((2))129–135
  • Petroianu G., Toomes L. M., Petroianu A., Bergler W., Rufer R. Control of blood pressure, heart rate and haematocrit during high-dose intravenous paraoxon exposure in mini pigs. J. Appl. Toxicol. 1998; 18((4))293–298
  • Robenshtok E., Luria S., Tashma Z., Hourvitz A. Adverse reaction to atropine and the treatment of organophosphate intoxication. Isr. Med. Assoc. J. 2002; 4((7))535–539
  • Rosenstock L., Keifer M., Daniell W. E., McConnell R., Claypoole K. Chronic central nervous system effects of acute organophosphate pesticide intoxication. The Pesticide Health Effects Study Group. Lancet. 1991; 338((8761))223–227
  • Roth A., Zellinger I., Arad M., Atsmon J. Organophosphates and the heart. Chest. 1993; 103((2))576–582
  • Rubinshtein R., Bar-Meir E., Grubstein A., Bitterman H. Early onset of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in organophosphate intoxication. Isr. Med. Assoc. J. 2002; 4((1))63–64
  • Sekijima Y., Morita H., Yanagisawa N. Follow-up of sarin poisoning in Matsumoto. Ann. Intern. Med. 1997; 127((11))1042
  • Sidell F. R. Clinical effects of organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitors. J. Appl. Toxicol. 1994; 14((2))111–113
  • Sidell F. R. Chemical agent terrorism. Ann. Emerg. Med. 1996; 28((2))223–224
  • Sidell F. R., Takafuji E. T., Franz D. R. Nerve Agents. Textbook of Military Medicine. Part I: Warfare, Weaponary and the Casualty; Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare, R. Zajtchuk, R.F. Bellamy. Office of The Surgeon General. Department of the Army, United States of America., Bethesda, MD 1997; 129–180
  • Singer A. W., Jaax N. K., Graham J. S., McLeod C.G., Jr. Cardiomyopathy in Soman and Sarin intoxicated rats. Toxicol. Lett. 1987; 36((3))243–249
  • Singh S., Sharma N. Neurological syndromes following organophosphate poisoning. Neurol. India. 2000; 48((4))308–313
  • Tur-Kaspa I., Lev E. I., Hendler I., Siebner R., Shapira Y., Shemer J. Preparing hospitals for toxicological mass casualties events. Crit. Care Med. 1999; 27((5))1004–1008
  • Tzivoni D., Banai S., Schuger C., Benhorin J., Keren A., Gottlieb S., Stern S. Treatment of torsade de pointes with magnesium sulfate. Circulation. 1988; 77((2))392–397
  • Viskin S. Long QT syndromes and torsade de pointes. Lancet. 1999; 354((9190))1625–1633
  • Viskin S. Cardiac pacing in the long QT syndrome: Review of available data and practical recommendations. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 2000; 11((5))593–600
  • Zipes D. P. Specific arrhythmias: Diagnosis and treatment. Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicineed., 5th, E. Braunwald. Saunders, Philadelphia 1997; pp. 684–687

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.