701
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Benzene risk assessment: does new evidence on myelodysplastic syndrome justify a new approach?

ORCID Icon &
Pages 417-432 | Received 09 Oct 2017, Accepted 02 Feb 2018, Published online: 10 May 2018

References

  • Albin M, Björk J, Welinder H, Tinnerberg H, Mauritzson N, Billström R, Strömberg U, Mikoczy Z, Johansson B, Ahlgren T, et al. 2003. Cytogenetic and morphologic subgroups of myelodysplastic syndromes in relation to occupational and hobby exposures. Scand J Work Environ Health. 29:378–387.
  • Armstrong TW, Pearlman ED, Schnatter AR, Bowes SM III, Murray N, Nicolich MJ. 1996. Retrospective benzene and total hydrocarbon exposure assessment for a petroleum marketing and distribution worker epidemiology study. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 57:333–343.
  • Austin H, Delzell E, Cole P. 1988. Benzene and leukemia. A review of the literature and a risk assessment. Am J Epidemiol. 127:419–439.
  • Blair A, Zheng T, Linos A, Stewart PA, Zhang YW, Cantor KP. 2001. Occupation and leukemia: a population-based case-control study in Iowa and Minnesota. Am J Ind Med. 40:3–14.
  • Bois FY, Paxman DG. 1992. An analysis of exposure rate effects for benzene using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 15:122–136.
  • Brett SM, Rodricks JV, Chinchilli VM. 1989. Review and update of leukemia risk potentially associated with occupational exposure to benzene. Environ Health Perspect. 82:267–281.
  • Cazzola M, Malcovati L. 2005. Myelodysplastic syndromes-coping with ineffective hematopoiesis. N Engl J Med. 352:536–538.
  • Ciccone G, Mirabelli D, Levis A, Gavarotti P, Rege-Cambrin G, Davico L, Vineis P. 1993. Myeloid leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes: chemical exposure, histologic subtype and cytogenetics in a case-control study. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 68:135–139.
  • Collins JJ, Anteau SE, Swaen GMH, Bodner KM, Bodnar CM. 2015. Lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers among benzene-exposed workers. J Occup Environ Med. 57:159–163.
  • Collins JJ, Bodner KM, Bus JS. 2013. Cancer mortality of workers exposed to styrene in the U.S. reinforced plastics and composite industry. Epidemiology. 24:195–203.
  • Copley GB, Schnatter AR, Armstrong TW, Irons RD, Chen M, Wang XQ, Kerzic P. 2017. Hospital-based case-control study of MDS subtypes and benzene exposure in Shanghai. J Occup Environ Med. 59:349–355.
  • Crump KS. 1994. Risk of benzene-induced leukemia: a sensitivity analysis of the pliofilm cohort with additional follow-up and new exposure estimates. J Toxicol Environ Health. 42:219–242.
  • Crump KS, Allen BC. 1984. Quantitative estimates of risk of leukemia from occupational exposure to benzene. OSHA Docket H-059b, Exhib 152, Annex B. Report to U. S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Washington (DC): OSHA.
  • Farrow A, Jacobs A, West RR. 1989. Myelodysplasia, chemical exposure, and other environmental factors. Leukemia. 3:33–35.
  • Galbraith D, Gross S. a, Paustenbach D. 2010. Benzene and human health: a historical review and appraisal of associations with various diseases. Crit Rev Toxicol. 40 Suppl 2:1–46.
  • Glass DC, Adams GG, Manuell RW, Bisby JA. 2000. Retrospective exposure assessment for benzene in the Australian Petroleum Industry. Ann Occup Hyg. 44:301–320.
  • Glass DC, Gray CN, Jolley DJ, Gibbons C, Sim MR, Fritschi L, Adams GG, Bisby JA, Manuell R. 2003. Leukemia risk associated with low-level benzene exposure. Epidemiology. 14:569–577.
  • Goldberg H, Lusk E, Moore J, Nowell PC, Besa EC. 1990. Survey of exposure to genotoxic agents in primary Myelodysplastic Syndrome: correlation with chromosome patterns and data on patients without hematological disease. Cancer Res. 50:6876–6881.
  • Gross SA, Paustenbach DJ. 2018. Shanghai Health Study (2001–2009): what was learned about benzene health effects? Crit Rev Toxicol. 48:217–251.
  • Hayes RB, Yin S-N, Dosemeci M, Li G-L, Wacholder S, Travis LB, Li C-Y, Rothman N, Hoover RN, Linet MS. 1997. Benzene and the dose-related incidence of hematologic neoplasms in China. Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine–National Cancer Institute Benzene Study Group. J Natl Cancer Inst. 89:1065–1071.
  • Honda Y, Delzell E, Cole P. 1995. An updated study of mortality among workers at a petroleum manufacturing plant. J Occup Environ Med. 37:194–200.
  • Huebner WW, Wojcik NC, Jorgensen G, Marcella SP, Nicolich MJ. 2009. Mortality patterns and trends among 127,266 U.S.-based men in a petroleum company: update 1979-2000. J Occup Environ Med. 51:1333–1348.
  • Ido M, Nagata C, Kawakami N, Shimizu H, Yoshida Y, Nomura T, Mizoguchi H. 1996. A case-control study of myelodysplastic syndromes among Japanese men and women. Leuk Res. 20:727–731.
  • Infante P, Wagoner J, Rinsky R, Young R. 1977. Leukemia in benzene workers. Lancet. 310:76–78.
  • Infante PF. 2013. Benzene and leukemia, Pliofilm revisited: I. An historical review of the leukemia deaths among Akron Goodyear tire and rubber company employees. Int J Occup Environ Health. 19:215–222.
  • Irons RD, Chen Y, Wang X, Ryder J, Kerzic PJ. 2013. Acute myeloid leukemia following exposure to benzene more closely resembles de novo than therapy related-disease. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 52:887–894.
  • Irons RD, Gross SA, Le A, Wang XQ, Chen Y, Ryder J, Schnatter AR. 2010. Integrating WHO 2001-2008 criteria for the diagnosis of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS): a case-case analysis of benzene exposure. Chem Biol Interact. 184:30–38.
  • Kang SK, Lee MY, Kim TK, Lee JO, Yeon SA. 2005. Occupational exposure to benzene in South Korea. Chem Biol Interact. 153–154:65–74.
  • Khalade A, Jaakkola MS, Pukkala E, Jaakkola JJK. 2010. Exposure to benzene at work and the risk of leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health. 9:31.
  • Lan Q, Zhang L, Li G, Vermeulen R, Weinberg RS, Dosemeci M, Rappaport SM, Shen M, Alter BP, Wu Y, et al. 2004. Hematotoxicity in workers exposed to low levels of benzene. Science. 306:1774–1777.
  • Lavelle KS, Robert Schnatter A, Travis KZ, Swaen GMH, Pallapies D, Money C, Priem P, Vrijhof H. 2012. Framework for integrating human and animal data in chemical risk assessment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 62:302–312.
  • Lewis SJ, Bell GM, Cordingley N, Pearlman ED, Rushton L. 1997. Retrospective estimation of exposure to benzene in a leukaemia case-control study of petroleum marketing and distribution workers in the United Kingdom. Occup Environ Med. 54:167–175.
  • Ma X, Does M, Raza A, Mayne ST. 2007. Myelodysplastic syndromes: incidence and survival in the United States. Cancer. 109:1536–1542.
  • Mufti GJ, Bennett JM, Goasguen J, Bain BJ, Baumann I, Brunning R, Cazzola M, Fenaux P, Germing U, Hellström-Lindberg E, et al. 2008. Diagnosis and classification of myelodysplastic syndrome: International Working Group on Morphology of myelodysplastic syndrome (IWGM-MDS) consensus proposals for the definition and enumeration of myeloblasts and ring sideroblasts. Haematologica. 93:1712–1717.
  • Nagata C, Shimizu H, Hirashima K, Kakishita E, Fujimura K, Niho Y, Karasawa M, Oguma S, Yoshida Y, Mizoguchi H. 1999. Hair dye use and occupational exposure to organic solvents as risk factors for myelodysplastic syndrome. Leuk Res. 23:57–62.
  • Nisse C, Haguenoer JM, Grandbastien B, Preudhomme C, Fontaine B, Brillet JM, Lejeune R, Fenaux P. 2001. Occupational and environmental risk factors of the myelodysplastic syndromes in the North of France. Br J Haematol. 112:927–935.
  • Ott MG, Townsend JC, Fishbeck WA, Langner RA. 1978. Mortality among individuals occupationally exposed to benzene. Arch Environ Health. 33:3–10.
  • Paustenbach DJ, Bass RD, Price P. 1993. Benzene toxicity and risk assessment, 1972-1992: implications for future regulation. Environ Health Perspect. 101:177–200.
  • Paustenbach DJ, Price PS, Ollison W, Blank C, Jernigan JD, Bass RD, Peterson HD. 1992. Reevaluation of benzene exposure for the pliofilm (rubberworker) cohort (1936-1976). J Toxicol Environ Health. 36:177–231.
  • Paxton MB, Chinchilli VM, Brett SM, Rodricks JV. 1994. Leukemia risk associated with benzene exposure in the pliofilm cohort: I. Mortality update and exposure distribution. Risk Anal. 14:147–154.
  • Picciano D. 1979. Cytogenetic study of workers exposed to benzene. Environ Res. 19:33–38.
  • Qu Q, Shore R, Li G, Jin X, Chen LC, Cohen B, Melikian AA, Eastmond D, Rappaport SM, Yin S, et al. 2002. Hematological changes among Chinese workers with a broad range of benzene exposures. Am J Ind Med. 42:275–285.
  • Richardson DB. 2008. Temporal variation in the association between benzene and leukemia mortality. Environ Health Perspect. 116:370–374.
  • Rigolin GM, Cuneo A, Roberti MG, Bardi A, Bigoni R, Piva N, Minotto C, Agostini P, De Angeli C, Del Senno L, et al. 1998. Exposure to myelotoxic agents and myelodysplasia: case-control study and correlation with clinicobiological findings. Br J Haematol. 103:189–197.
  • Rinsky RA, Hornung RW, Silver SR, Tseng CY. 2002. Benzene exposure and hematopoietic mortality: a long-term epidemiologic risk assessment. Am J Ind Med. 42:474–480.
  • Rinsky RA, Smith AB, Hornung R, Filloon TG, Young RJ, Okun AH, Landrigan PJ. 1987. Benzene and leukemia. An epidemiologic risk assessment. N Engl J Med. 316:1044–1050.
  • Rinsky RA, Young RJ, Smith AB. 1981. Leukemia in benzene workers. Am J Ind Med. 2:217–245.
  • Rothman N, Li GL, Dosemeci M, Bechtold WE, Marti GE, Wang YZ, Linet M, Xi LQ, Lu W, Smith MT, et al. 1996. Hematotoxicity among Chinese workers heavily exposed to benzene. Am J Ind Med. 29:236–246.
  • Rushton L, Romaniuk H. 1997. A case-control study to investigate the risk of leukaemia associated with exposure to benzene in petroleum marketing and distribution workers in the United Kingdom. Occup Environ Med. 54:152–166.
  • Sanderson S, Tatt ID, Higgins JPT. 2007. Tools for assessing quality and susceptibility to bias in observational studies in epidemiology: a systematic review and annotated bibliography. Int J Epidemiol. 36:666–676.
  • Schnatter AR, Armstrong TW, Nicolich MJ, Thompson FS, Katz AM, Huebner WW, Pearlman ED. 1996a. Lymphohaematopoietic malignancies and quantitative estimates of exposure to benzene in Canadian petroleum distribution workers. Occup Environ Med. 53:773–781.
  • Schnatter AR, Glass DC, Tang G, Irons RD, Rushton L. 2012. Myelodysplastic syndrome and benzene exposure among petroleum workers: an international pooled analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 104:1724–1737.
  • Schnatter AR, Nicolich MJ, Bird MG. 1996b. Determination of leukemogenic benzene exposure concentrations: refined analyses of the pliofilm cohort. Risk Anal. 16:833–840.
  • Schnatter AR, Rosamilia K, Wojcik NC. 2005. Review of the literature on benzene exposure and leukemia subtypes. Chem Biol Interact. 153–154:9–21.
  • Shen M, Lan Q, Zhang L, Chanock S, Li G, Vermeulen R, Rappaport SM, Guo W, Hayes RB, Linet M, et al. 2006. Polymorphisms in genes involved in DNA double-strand break repair pathway and susceptibility to benzene-induced hematotoxicity. Carcinogenesis. 27:2083–2089.
  • Snyder R, Witz G, Goldstein BD. 1993. The toxicology of benzene. Environ Health Perspect. 100:293–306.
  • Sorahan T, Mohammed N, 2016. Incidence of myelodysplastic syndrome in UK petroleum distribution and oil refinery workers, 1995-2011. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 1:E474.
  • Steensma DP. 2006. Are myelodysplastic syndromes “cancer? Unexpected adverse consequences of linguistic ambiguity”? Leuk Res. 30:1227–1233.
  • Steensma DP, Tefferi A. 2003. The myelodysplastic syndrome(s): a perspective and review highlighting current controversies. Leuk Res. 27:95–120.
  • Stevens SS. 1946. On the theory of scales of measurement. Science. 103:677–680.
  • Strom S, Gu Y, Gruschkus S, Pierce S, Estey E. 2005. Risk factors of myelodysplastic syndromes: a case-control study. Leukemia. 19:1912–1918.
  • Vineis P, Avanzi GC, Giovinazzo B, Ponzio G, Cambrin GR, Ciccone G. 1990. Cytogenetics and occupational exposure to solvents: a pilot study on leukemias and myelodysplastic disorders. Tumori. 76:350–352.
  • Vlaanderen J, Vermeulen R, Heederik D, Kromhout H. 2008. Guidelines to evaluate human observational studies for quantitative risk assessment. Environ Health Perspect. 116:1700–1705.
  • West RR, Stafford DA, Farrow A, Jacob A. 1995. Occupational and environmental exposures and myelodysplasia: a case-control study. Leuk Res. 19:127–139.
  • White MC, Infante PF, Chu KC. 1982. A quantitative estimate of leukemia mortality associated with occupational exposure to benzene. Risk Anal. 2:195–204.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.