2,799
Views
539
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Biological Properties of Curcumin-Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Action

, &
Pages 97-111 | Published online: 10 Aug 2010

REFERENCES

  • Ahsan , H. and Hadi , S. M. 1998 . Strand scission in DNA induced by curcumin in the presence of Cu(II) . Cancer Lett. , 124 : 23 – 30 .
  • Ahsan , H. , Parveen , N. , Khan , N. U. and Hadi , S. M. 1999 . Pro-oxidant, anti-oxidant, and cleavage activities on DNA of curcumin and its derivatives demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin . Chem. Biol. Interact , 121 : 161 – 175 .
  • Ammon , H. P. and Wahl , M. A. 1991 . Pharmacology of Curcuma longa . Planta Med. , 57 : 1 – 7 .
  • Anto , R. J. , George , J. , Babu , K. V. , Rajasekharan , K. N. and Kuttan , R. 1996 . Antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity of natural and synthetic curcuminoids . Mutat. Res. , 370 : 127 – 131 .
  • Anto , R. J. , Maliekal , T. T. and Karunagaran , D. 2000 . L-929 cells harboring ectopically expressed RelA resist curcumin- induced apoptosis . J. Biol. Chem. , 275 : 15601 – 15604 .
  • Antony , S. , Kuttan , R. and Kuttan , G. 1999 . Immunomodulatory activity of curcumin . Immunol. Invest. , 28 : 291 – 303 .
  • Antunes , L. M. , Araujo , M. C. , Darin , J. D. and Bianchi , M. L. 2000 . Effects of the antioxidants curcumin and vitamin C on cisplatin-induced clastogenesis in Wistar rat bone marrow cells . Mutat. Res. , 465 : 131 – 137 .
  • Antunes , L. M. , Araujo , M. C. , Dias , F. L. and Takahashi , C. S. 1999 . Modulatory effects of curcumin on the chromosomal damage induced by doxorubicin in Chinese hamster ovary cells . Teratog. Carcinog. Mutagen. , 19 : 1 – 8 .
  • Araujo , C. and Leon , L. 2001 . Biological activities of Curcuma longa L . Mem. Inst. Oswaldo. Cruz. , 96 : 723 – 728 .
  • Araujo , M. C. , Dias , F. L. and Takahashi , C. S. 1999 . Potentiation by turmeric and curcumin of gamma-radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells . Teratog. Carcinog. Mutagen. , 19 : 9 – 18 .
  • Artico , M. , Di Santo , R. , Costi , R. , Novellino , E. , Greco , G. , Massa , S. , Tramontano , E. , Marongiu , M. E. , De Montis , A. and La Colla , P. 1998 . Geometrically and conformationally restrained cinnamoyl compounds as inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase: Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling . J. Med. Chem. , 41 : 3948 – 3960 .
  • Awasthi , S. , Srivatava , S. K. , Piper , J. T. , Singhal , S. S. , Chaubey , M. and Awasthi , Y. C. 1996 . Curcumin protects against 4-hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal-induced cataract formation in rat lenses . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 64 : 761 – 766 .
  • Babu , P. S. and Srinivasan , K. 1995 . Influence of dietary curcumin and cholesterol on the progression of experimentally induced diabetes in albino rat . Mol. Cell Biochem. , 152 : 13 – 21 .
  • Babu , P. S. and Srinivasan , K. 1997 . Hypolipidemic action of curcumin, the active principle of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats . Mol. Cell Biochem. , 166 : 169 – 175 .
  • Barthelemy , S. , Vergnes , L. , Moynier , M. , Guyot , D. , Labidalle , S. and Bahraoui , E. 1998 . Curcumin and curcumin derivatives inhibit Tat-mediated transactivation of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat . Res. Virol. , 149 : 43 – 52 .
  • Bartine , H. and Tantaoui-Elaraki , A. 1997 . Growth and toxigenesis of Aspergillus flavus isolates on selected spices . J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. , 16 : 61 – 65 .
  • Began , G. , Sudharshan , E. and Appu Rao , A. G. 1998 . Inhibition of lipoxygenase 1 by phosphatidylcholine micelles-bound curcumin . Lipids , 33 : 1223 – 1228 .
  • Bhaumik , S. , Anjum , R. , Rangaraj , N. , Pardhasaradhi , B. V. and Khar , A. 1999 . Curcumin mediated apoptosis in AK-5 tumor cells involves the production of reactive oxygen intermediates . FEBS Lett. , 456 : 311 – 314 .
  • Bierhaus , A. , Zhang , Y. , Quehenberger , P. , Luther , T. , Haase , M. , Muller , M. , Mackman , N. , Ziegler , R. and Nawroth , P. P. 1997 . The dietary pigment curcumin reduces endothelial tissue factor gene expression by inhibiting binding of AP-1 to the DNA and activation of NF-kappa B . Thromb. Haemost. , 77 : 772 – 782 .
  • Bonte , F. , Noel-Hudson , M. S. , Wepierre , J. and Meybeck , A. 1997 . Protective effect of curcuminoids on epidermal skin cells under free oxygen radical stress . Planta. Med. , 63 : 265 – 266 .
  • Boone , C. W. and Kelloff , G. J. 1997 . Biomarker end-points in cancer chemoprevention trials . IARC Sci. Publ. , 142 : 273 – 280 .
  • Bourne , K. Z. , Bourne , N. , Reising , S. F. and Stanberry , L. R. 1999 . Plant products as topical microbicide candidates: Assessment of in vitro and in vivo activity against herpes simplex virus type 2 . Antiviral Res. , 42 : 219 – 226 .
  • Bradlow , H. L. , Telang , N. T. , Sepkovic , D. W. and Osborne , M. P. 1999 . Phytochemicals as modulators of cancer risk . Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , 472 : 207 – 221 .
  • Brennan , P. and O'Neill , L. A. 1998 . Inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB by direct modification in whole cells–mechanism of action of nordihydroguaiaritic acid, curcumin, and thiol modifiers . Biochem Pharmacol. , 55 : 965 – 973 .
  • Brouet , I. and Ohshima , H. 1995 . Curcumin, an anti-tumour promoter and anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits induction of nitric oxide synthase in activated macrophages . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 206 : 533 – 540 .
  • Burke , T. R. Jr. , Fesen , M. R. , Mazumder , A. , Wang , J. , Carothers , A. M. , Grunberger , D. , Driscoll , J. , Kohn , K. and Pommier , Y. 1995 . Hydroxylated aromatic inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase . J. Med. Chem. , 38 : 4171 – 4178 .
  • Chan , M. M. 1995 . Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor by curcumin, a phytochemical . Biochem. Pharmacol. , 49 : 1551 – 1556 .
  • Chan , M. M. , Huang , H. I. , Fenton , M. R. and Fong , D. 1998 . In vivo inhibition of nitric oxide synthase gene expression by curcumin, a cancer preventive natural product with anti-inflammatory properties . Biochem. Pharmacol. , 55 : 1955 – 1962 .
  • Chaudhary , L. R. and Avioli , L. V. 1996 . Regulation of interleukin-8 gene expression by interleukin-1beta, osteotropic hormones, and protein kinase inhibitors in normal human bone marrow stromal cells . J. Biol. Chem. , 271 : 16591 – 16596 .
  • Chen , H. , Zhang , Z. S. , Zhang , Y. L. and Zhou , D. Y. 1999 . Curcumin inhibits cell proliferation by interfering with the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells . Anticancer Res. , 19 : 3675 – 3680 .
  • Chen , H. W. and Huang , H. C. 1998 . Effect of curcumin on cell cycle progression and apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells . Br. J. Pharmacol. , 124 : 1029 – 1040 .
  • Chen , Y. C. , Kuo , T. C. , Lin-Shiau , S. Y. and Lin , J. K. 1996 . Induction of HSP70 gene expression by modulation of Ca(+2) ion and cellular p53 protein by curcumin in colorectal carcinoma cells . Mol. Carcinog. , 17 : 224 – 234 .
  • Chen , Y. R. and Tan , T. H. 1998 . Inhibition of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway by curcumin . Oncogene , 17 : 173 – 178 .
  • Chuang , S. E. , Cheng , A. L. , Lin , J. K. and Kuo , M. L. 2000a . Inhibition by curcumin of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic hyperplasia, inflammation, cellular gene products, and cell-cycle- related proteins in rats . Food Chem. Toxicol. , 38 : 991 – 995 .
  • Chuang , S. E. , Kuo , M. L. , Hsu , C. H. , Chen , C. R. , Lin , J. K. , Lai , G. M. , Hsieh , C. Y. and Cheng , A. L. 2000b . Curcumin-containing diet inhibits diethylnitrosamine-induced murine hepatocarcinogenesis . Carcinogenesis , 21 : 331 – 335 .
  • Churchill , M. , Chadburn , A. , Bilinski , R. T. and Bertagnolli , M. M. 2000 . Inhibition of intestinal tumors by curcumin is associated with changes in the intestinal immune cell profile . J. Surg. Res. , 89 : 169 – 175 .
  • Ciolino , H. P. , Daschner , P. J. , Wang , T. T. and Yeh , G. C. 1998 . Effect of curcumin on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and cytochrome P450 1A1 in MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells . Biochem. Pharmacol. , 56 : 197 – 206 .
  • Cohly , H. H. , Taylor , A. , Angel , M. F. and Salahudeen , A. K. 1998 . Effect of turmeric, turmerin, and curcumin on H2O2-induced renal epithelial (LLC-PK1) cell injury . Free Radic. Biol. Med. , 24 : 49 – 54 .
  • Commandeur , J. N. and Vermeulen , N. P. 1996 . Cytotoxicity and cytoprotective activities of natural compounds. The case of curcumin . Xenobiotica , 26 : 667 – 680 .
  • Conney , A. H. , Lou , Y. R. , Xie , J. G. , Osawa , T. , Newmark , H. L. , Liu , Y. , Chang , R. L. and Huang , M. T. 1997 . Some perspectives on dietary inhibition of carcinogenesis: Studies with curcumin and tea . Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. , 216 : 234 – 245 .
  • Deshpande , S. S. and Maru , G. B. 1995 . Effects of curcumin on the formation of benzo[a]pyrene derived DNA adducts in vitro . Cancer Lett. , 96 : 71 – 80 .
  • Deters , M. , Siegers , C. , Hansel , W. , Schneider , K. P. and Hennighausen , G. 2000 . Influence of curcumin on cyclosporin-induced reduction of biliary bilirubin and cholesterol excretion and on biliary excretion of cyclosporin and its metabolites . Planta. Med. , 66 : 429 – 434 .
  • Dikshit , M. , Rastogi , L. , Shukla , R. and Srimal , R. C. 1995 . Prevention of ischaemia-induced biochemical changes by curcumin & quinidine in the cat heart . Indian J. Med. Res. , 101 : 31 – 35 .
  • Dinkova-Kostova , A. T. and Talalay , P. 1999 . Relation of structure of curcumin analogs to their potencies as inducers of Phase 2 detoxification enzymes . Carcinogenesis , 20 : 911 – 914 .
  • Dorai , T. , Cao , Y. C. , Dorai , B. , Buttyan , R. and Katz , A. E. 2001 . Therapeutic potential of curcumin in human prostate cancer. III. Curcumin inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis, and inhibits angiogenesis of LNCaP prostate cancer cells in vivo . Prostate , 47 : 293 – 303 .
  • Du , J. , Suzuki , H. , Nagase , F. , Akhand , A. A. , Yokoyama , T. , Miyata , T. , Kurokawa , K. and Nakashima , I. 2000 . Methylglyoxal induces apoptosis in Jurkat leukemia T cells by activating c-Jun N-terminal kinase . J. Cell Biochem. , 77 : 333 – 344 .
  • Eaton , E. A. , Walle , U. K. , Lewis , A. J. , Hudson , T. , Wilson , A. A. and Walle , T. 1996 . Flavonoids, potent inhibitors of the human P-form phenolsulfotransferase. Potential role in drug metabolism and chemoprevention . Drug Metab. Dispos. , 24 : 232 – 237 .
  • Eigner , D. and Scholz , D. 1999 . Ferula asa-foetida and Curcuma longa in traditional medical treatment and diet in Nepal . J. Ethnopharmacol , 67 : 1 – 6 .
  • Firozi , P. F. , Aboobaker , V. S. and Bhattacharya , R. K. 1996 . Action of curcumin on the cytochrome P450-system catalyzing the activation of aflatoxin B1 . Chem. Biol. Interact , 100 : 41 – 51 .
  • Gautam , S. C. , Xu , Y. X. , Pindolia , K. R. , Janakiraman , N. and Chapman , R. A. 1998 . Nonselective inhibition of proliferation of transformed and nontransformed cells by the anticancer agent curcumin (diferuloylmethane) . Biochem. Pharmacol. , 55 : 1333 – 1337 .
  • Gescher , A. , Pastorino , U. , Plummer , S. M. and Manson , M. M. 1998 . Suppression of tumour development by substances derived from the diet– mechanisms and clinical implications . Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , 45 : 1 – 12 .
  • Groten , J. P. , Butler , W. , Feron , V. J. , Kozianowski , G. , Renwick , A. G. and Walker , R. 2000 . An analysis of the possibility for health implications of joint actions and interactions between food additives . Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , 31 : 77 – 91 .
  • Gupta , B. and Ghosh , B. 1999 . Curcuma longa inhibits TNF-alpha induced expression of adhesion molecules on human umbilical vein endothelial cells . Int. J. Immunopharmacol. , 21 : 745 – 757 .
  • Han , S. S. , Chung , S. T. , Robertson , D. A. , Ranjan , D. and Bondada , S. 1999 . Curcumin causes the growth arrest and apoptosis of B cell lymphoma by downregulation of egr-1, c-myc, bcl-XL, NF-kappa B, and p53 . Clin. Immunol. , 93 : 152 – 161 .
  • Hanif , R. , Qiao , L. , Shiff , S. J. and Rigas , B. 1997 . Curcumin, a natural plant phenolic food additive, inhibits cell proliferation, and induces cell cycle changes in colon adenocarcinoma cell lines by a prostaglandin-independent pathway . J. Lab. Clin. Med. , 130 : 576 – 584 .
  • Heng , M. C. , Song , M. K. , Harker , J. and Heng , M. K. 2000 . Drug-induced suppression of phosphorylase kinase activity correlates with resolution of psoriasis as assessed by clinical, histological and immunohistochemical parameters . Br. J. Dermatol. , 143 : 937 – 949 .
  • Henke , W. , Ferrell , K. , Bech-Otschir , D. , Seeger , M. , Schade , R. , Jungblut , P. , Naumann , M. and Dubiel , W. 1999 . Comparison of human COP9 signalsome and 26S proteasome lid' . Mol. Biol. Rep. , 26 : 29 – 34 .
  • Hong , R. L. , Spohn , W. H. and Hung , M. C. 1999 . Curcumin inhibits tyrosine kinase activity of p185neu and also depletes p185neu . Clin. Cancer Res. , 5 : 1884 – 1891 .
  • Huang , M. T. , Lou , Y. R. , Xie , J. G. , Ma , W. , Lu , Y. P. , Yen , P. , Zhu , B. T. , Newmark , H. and Ho , C. T. 1998 . Effect of dietary curcumin and dibenzoylmethane on formation of 7,12- dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumors and lymphomas/leukemias in Sencar mice . Carcinogenesis , 19 : 1697 – 1700 .
  • Huang , M. T. , Ma , W. , Lu , Y. P. , Chang , R. L. , Fisher , C. , Manchand , P. S. , Newmark , H. L. and Conney , A. H. 1995 . Effects of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and tetrahydrocurcumin on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced tumor promotion . Carcinogenesis , 16 : 2493 – 2497 .
  • Huang , M. T. , Newmark , H. L. and Frenkel , K. 1997 . Inhibitory effects of curcumin on tumorigenesis in mice . J. Cell Biochem. Suppl. , 27 : 26 – 34 .
  • Hussain , M. S. and Chandrasekhara , N. 1992 . Effect on curcumin on cholesterol gall-stone induction in mice . Indian J. Med. Res. , 96 : 288 – 291 .
  • Inano , H. , Onoda , M. , Inafuku , N. , Kubota , M. , Kamada , Y. , Osawa , T. , Kobayashi , H. and Wakabayashi , K. 1999 . Chemoprevention by curcumin during the promotion stage of tumorigenesis of mammary gland in rats irradiated with gamma-rays . Carcinogenesis , 20 : 1011 – 1018 .
  • Ireson , C. , Orr , S. , Jones , D. J. , Verschoyle , R. , Lim , C. K. , Luo , J. L. , Howells , L. , Plummer , S. , Jukes , R. , Williams , M. , Steward , W. P. and Gescher , A. 2001 . Characterization of metabolites of the chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat hepatocytes and in the rat in vivo, and evaluation of their ability to inhibit phorbol ester-induced prostaglandin E2 production . Cancer Res. , 61 : 1058 – 1064 .
  • Ishizaki , C. , Oguro , T. , Yoshida , T. , Wen , C. Q. , Sueki , H. and Iijima , M. 1996 . Enhancing effect of ultraviolet A on ornithine decarboxylase induction and dermatitis evoked by 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and its inhibition by curcumin in mouse skin . Dermatology , 193 : 311 – 317 .
  • Jaruga , E. , Salvioli , S. , Dobrucki , J. , Chrul , S. , Bandorowicz-Pikula , J. , Sikora , E. , Franceschi , C. , Cossarizza , A. and Bartosz , G. 1998a . Apoptosis-like, reversible changes in plasma membrane asymmetry and permeability, and transient modifications in mitochondrial membrane potential induced by curcumin in rat thymocytes . FEBS Lett. , 433 : 287 – 293 .
  • Jaruga , E. , Sokal , A. , Chrul , S. and Bartosz , G. 1998b . Apoptosis-independent alterations in membrane dynamics induced by curcumin . Exp. Cell Res. , 245 : 303 – 312 .
  • Jee , S. H. , Shen , S. C. , Tseng , C. R. , Chiu , H. C. and Kuo , M. L. 1998 . Curcumin induces a p53-dependent apoptosis in human basal cell carcinoma cells . J. Invest. Dermatol. , 111 : 656 – 661 .
  • Jiang , M. C. , Lin , J. K. and Chen , S. S. 1996a . Inhibition of HIV-1 Tat-mediated transactivation by quinacrine and chloroquine . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 226 : 1 – 7 .
  • Jiang , M. C. , Yang-Yen , H. F. , Yen , J. J. and Lin , J. K. 1996b . Curcumin induces apoptosis in immortalized NIH 3T3 and malignant cancer cell lines . Nutr. Cancer , 26 : 111 – 120 .
  • Jobin , C. , Bradham , C. A. , Russo , M. P. , Juma , B. , Narula , A. S. , Brenner , D. A. and Sartor , R. B. 1999 . Curcumin blocks cytokine-mediated NF-kappa B activation and proinflammatory gene expression by inhibiting inhibitory factor I-kappa B kinase activity . J. Immunol. , 163 : 3474 – 3483 .
  • Joe , B. and Lokesh , B. R. 1994 . Role of capsaicin, curcumin and dietary n-3 fatty acids in lowering the generation of reactive oxygen species in rat peritoneal macrophages . Biochim. Biophys. Acta. , 1224 : 255 – 263 .
  • Joe , B. and Lokesh , B. R. 1997a . Effect of curcumin and capsaicin on arachidonic acid metabolism and lysosomal enzyme secretion by rat peritoneal macrophages . Lipids , 32 : 1173 – 1180 .
  • Joe , B. and Lokesh , B. R. 1997b . Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, capsaicin, and curcumin on adjuvant induced arthritis in rats . J. Nutr. Biochem. , 8 : 397 – 407 .
  • Joe , B. and Lokesh , B. R. 2000 . Dietary n-3 fatty acids, curcumin and capsaicin lower the release of lysosomal enzymes and eicosanoids in rat peritoneal macrophages . Mol. Cell Biochem. , 203 : 153 – 161 .
  • Joe , B. , Rao , U. J. and Lokesh , B. R. 1997 . Presence of an acidic glycoprotein in the serum of arthritic rats: Modulation by capsaicin and curcumin . Mol. Cell Biochem. , 169 : 125 – 134 .
  • Jones , E. A. and Shoskes , D. A. 2000 . The effect of mycophenolate mofetil and polyphenolic bioflavonoids on renal ischemia reperfusion injury and repair . J. Urol. , 163 : 999 – 1004 .
  • Kang , B. Y. , Song , Y. J. , Kim , K. M. , Choe , Y. K. , Hwang , S. Y. and Kim , T. S. 1999 . Curcumin inhibits Th1 cytokine profile in CD4+ T cells by suppressing interleukin-12 production in macrophages . Br. J. Pharmacol. , 128 : 380 – 384 .
  • Kato , K. , Ito , H. , Kamei , K. and Iwamoto , I. 1998 . Stimulation of the stress-induced expression of stress proteins by curcumin in cultured cells and in rat tissues in vivo . Cell Stress Chaperones , 3 : 152 – 160 .
  • Kaul , S. and Krishnakantha , T. P. 1997 . Influence of retinol deficiency and curcumin/turmeric feeding on tissue microsomal membrane lipid peroxidation and fatty acids in rats . Mol. Cell Biochem. , 175 : 43 – 48 .
  • Kawamori , T. , Lubet , R. , Steele , V. E. , Kelloff , G. J. , Kaskey , R. B. , Rao , C. V. and Reddy , B. S. 1999 . Chemopreventive effect of curcumin, a naturally occurring anti- inflammatory agent, during the promotion/progression stages of colon cancer . Cancer Res. , 59 : 597 – 601 .
  • Kawashima , H. , Akimoto , K. , Jareonkitmongkol , S. , Shirasaka , N. and Shimizu , S. 1996 . Inhibition of rat liver microsomal desaturases by curcumin and related compounds . Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. , 60 : 108 – 110 .
  • Kelloff , G. J. , Crowell , J. A. , Steele , V. E. , Lubet , R. A. , Malone , W. A. , Boone , C. W. , Kopelovich , L. , Hawk , E. T. , Lieberman , R. , Lawrence , J. A. , Ali , I. , Viner , J. L. and Sigman , C. C. 2000 . Progress in cancer chemoprevention: Development of diet-derived chemopreventive agents . J. Nutr. , 130 : 467S – 471S .
  • Khafif , A. , Schantz , S. P. , Chou , T. C. , Edelstein , D. and Sacks , P. G. 1998 . Quantitation of chemopreventive synergism between (-)-epigallocatechin- 3-gallate and curcumin in normal, premalignant, and malignant human oral epithelial cells . Carcinogenesis , 19 : 419 – 424 .
  • Korutla , L. , Cheung , J. Y. , Mendelsohn , J. and Kumar , R. 1995 . Inhibition of ligand-induced activation of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine phosphorylation by curcumin . Carcinogenesis , 16 : 1741 – 1745 .
  • Kottke , M. K. 1998 . Scientific and regulatory aspects of nutraceutical products in the United States . Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. , 24 : 1177 – 1195 .
  • Kumar , A. , Dhawan , S. , Hardegen , N. J. and Aggarwal , B. B. 1998 . Curcumin (Diferuloylmethane) inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- mediated adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells by suppression of cell surface expression of adhesion molecules and of nuclear factor- kappaB activation . Biochem. Pharmacol. , 55 : 775 – 783 .
  • Kuner , P. , Schubenel , R. and Hertel , C. 1998 . Beta-amyloid binds to p57NTR and activates NFkappaB in human neuroblastoma cells . J. Neurosci. Res. , 54 : 798 – 804 .
  • Kuo , M. L. , Huang , T. S. and Lin , J. K. 1996 . Curcumin, an antioxidant and anti-tumor promoter, induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells . Biochim. Biophys. Acta. , 1317 : 95 – 100 .
  • Kuramoto , Y. , Yamada , K. , Tsuruta , O. and Sugano , M. 1996 . Effect of natural food colorings on immunoglobulin production in vitro by rat spleen lymphocytes . Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. , 60 : 1712 – 1713 .
  • Lad , V. 1995 . An introduction to Ayurveda . Altern. Ther. Health Med. , 1 : 57 – 63 .
  • Lee , S. H. , Oe , T. and Blair , I. A. 2001 . Vitamin C-induced decomposition of lipid hydroperoxides to endogenous genotoxins . Science , 292 : 2083 – 2086 .
  • Lee , S. K. and Pezzuto , J. M. 1999 . Evaluation of the potential of cancer chemopreventive activity mediated by inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity . Arch. Pharm. Res. , 22 : 559 – 564 .
  • Li , C. J. , Zhang , L. J. , Dezube , B. J. , Crumpacker , C. S. and Pardee , A. B. 1993 . Three inhibitors of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat-directed gene expression and virus replication . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA , 90 : 1839 – 1842 .
  • Li , X. , Song , Q. and Chen , B. 1998 . Study on the antimutagenicity of curcumin . Wei. Sheng. Yan. Jiu. , 27 : 263 – 265 .
  • Lin , J. K. , Chen , Y. C. , Huang , Y. T. and Lin-Shiau , S. Y. 1997 . Suppression of protein kinase C and nuclear oncogene expression as possible molecular mechanisms of cancer chemoprevention by apigenin and curcumin . J. Cell Biochem. Suppl. , 29 : 39 – 48 .
  • Lin , L. I. , Ke , Y. F. , Ko , Y. C. and Lin , J. K. 1998 . Curcumin inhibits SK-Hep-1 hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion in vitro and suppresses matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion . Oncology , 55 : 349 – 353 .
  • Liu , Y. , Chang , R. L. , Cui , X. X. , Newmark , H. L. and Conney , A. H. 1997 . Synergistic effects of curcumin on all-trans retinoic acid- and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced differentiation in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells . Oncol. Res. , 9 : 19 – 29 .
  • Lodha , R. and Bagga , A. 2000 . Traditional Indian systems of medicine . Ann. Acad. Med. Singapore , 29 : 37 – 41 .
  • Masuda , T. , Maekawa , T. , Hidaka , K. , Bando , H. , Takeda , Y. and Yamaguchi , H. 2001 . Chemical studies on antioxidant mechanism of curcumin: Analysis of oxidative coupling products from curcumin and linoleate . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 49 : 2539 – 2547 .
  • Mazumder , A. , Neamati , N. , Sunder , S. , Schulz , J. , Pertz , H. , Eich , E. and Pommier , Y. 1997 . Curcumin analogs with altered potencies against HIV-1 integrase as probes for biochemical mechanisms of drug action . J. Med. Chem. , 40 : 3057 – 3063 .
  • Menon , L. G. , Kuttan , R. and Kuttan , G. 1995 . Inhibition of lung metastasis in mice induced by B16F10 melanoma cells by polyphenolic compounds . Cancer Lett. , 95 : 221 – 225 .
  • Menon , L. G. , Kuttan , R. and Kuttan , G. 1999 . Anti-metastatic activity of curcumin and catechin . Cancer Lett. , 141 : 159 – 165 .
  • Mohandas , K. M. and Desai , D. C. 1999 . Epidemiology of digestive tract cancers in India. V. Large and small bowel . Indian J. Gastroenterol , 18 : 118 – 121 .
  • Motterlini , R. , Foresti , R. , Bassi , R. and Green , C. J. 2000 . Curcumin, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, induces heme oxygenase-1 and protects endothelial cells against oxidative stress . Free Radic. Biol. Med. , 28 : 1303 – 1312 .
  • Mukhopadhyay , M. J. , Saha , A. and Mukherjee , A. 1998 . Studies on the anticlastogenic effect of turmeric and curcumin on cyclophosphamide and mitomycin C in vivo . Food Chem. Toxicol. , 36 : 73 – 76 .
  • Navis , I. , Sriganth , P. and Premalatha , B. 1999 . Dietary curcumin with cisplatin administration modulates tumour marker indices in experimental fibrosarcoma . Pharmacol. Res. , 39 : 175 – 179 .
  • Nirmala , C. , Anand , S. and Puvanakrishnan , R. 1999 . Curcumin treatment modulates collagen metabolism in isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats . Mol. Cell Biochem. , 197 : 31 – 37 .
  • Nirmala , C. and Puvanakrishnan , R. 1996 . Effect of curcumin on certain lysosomal hydrolases in isoproterenol- induced myocardial infarction in rats . Biochem. Pharmacol. , 51 : 47 – 51 .
  • Nose , M. , Koide , T. , Ogihara , Y. , Yabu , Y. and Ohta , N. 1998 . Trypanocidal effects of curcumin in vitro . Biol. Pharm. Bull. , 21 : 643 – 645 .
  • Oda , Y. 1995 . Inhibitory effect of curcumin on SOS functions induced by UV irradiation . Mutat. Res. , 348 : 67 – 73 .
  • Onodera , S. , Kaneda , K. , Mizue , Y. , Koyama , Y. , Fujinaga , M. and Nishihira , J. 2000 . Macrophage migration inhibitory factor up-regulates expression of matrix metalloproteinases in synovial fibroblasts of rheumatoid arthritis . J. Biol. Chem. , 275 : 444 – 450 .
  • Oyama , Y. , Masuda , T. , Nakata , M. , Chikahisa , L. , Yamazaki , Y. , Miura , K. and Okagawa , M. 1998 . Protective actions of 5′-n-alkylated curcumins on living cells suffering from oxidative stress . Eur. J. Pharmacol. , 360 : 65 – 71 .
  • Pan , M. H. , Huang , T. M. and Lin , J. K. 1999 . Biotransformation of curcumin through reduction and glucuronidation in mice . Drug Metab. Dispos. , 27 : 486 – 494 .
  • Park , J. M. , Adam , R. M. , Peters , C. A. , Guthrie , P. D. , Sun , Z. , Klagsbrun , M. and Freeman , M. R. 1999 . AP-1 mediates stretch-induced expression of HB-EGF in bladder smooth muscle cells . Am. J. Physiol. , 277 : C294 – C301 .
  • Pendurthi , U. R. , Williams , J. T. and Rao , L. V. 1997 . Inhibition of tissue factor gene activation in cultured endothelial cells by curcumin. Suppression of activation of transcription factors Egr-1, AP-1, and NF-kappa B . Arterioscler Thromb. Vasc. Biol. , 17 : 3406 – 3413 .
  • Piper , J. T. , Singhal , S. S. , Salameh , M. S. , Torman , R. T. , Awasthi , Y. C. and Awasthi , S. 1998 . Mechanisms of anticarcinogenic properties of curcumin: The effect of curcumin on glutathione linked detoxification enzymes in rat liver . Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. , 30 : 445 – 456 .
  • Platel , K. and Srinivasan , K. 2000 . Influence of dietary spices and their active principles on pancreatic digestive enzymes in albino rats . Nahrung , 44 : 42 – 46 .
  • Plummer , S. M. , Holloway , K. A. , Manson , M. M. , Munks , R. J. , Kaptein , A. , Farrow , S. and Howells , L. 1999 . Inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase 2 expression in colon cells by the chemopreventive agent curcumin involves inhibition of NF-kappaB activation via the NIK/IKK signalling complex . Oncogene , 18 : 6013 – 6020 .
  • Pulla , ReddyA. C. , Sudharshan , E. , Appu Rao , A. G. and Lokesh , B. R. 1999 . Interaction of curcumin with human serum albumin–a spectroscopic study . Lipids , 34 : 1025 – 1029 .
  • Ranjan , D. , Siquijor , A. , Johnston , T. D. , Wu , G. and Nagabhuskahn , M. 1998 . The effect of curcumin on human B-cell immortalization by Epstein-Barr virus . Am. Surg. , 64 : 51 – 42 . discussion
  • Rao , C. V. , Rivenson , A. , Simi , B. and Reddy , B. S. 1995a . Chemoprevention of colon cancer by dietary curcumin . Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , 768 : 201 – 204 .
  • Rao , C. V. , Rivenson , A. , Simi , B. and Reddy , B. S. 1995b . Chemoprevention of colon carcinogenesis by dietary curcumin, a naturally occurring plant phenolic compound . Cancer Res. , 55 : 259 – 266 .
  • Rasyid , A. and Lelo , A. 1999 . The effect of curcumin and placebo on human gall-bladder function: An ultrasound study . Aliment Pharmacol. Ther. , 13 : 245 – 249 .
  • Reddy , A. C. and Lokesh , B. R. 1994 . Effect of dietary turmeric (Curcuma longa) on iron-induced lipid peroxidation in the rat liver . Food Chem. Toxicol. , 32 : 279 – 283 .
  • Reddy , A. C. and Lokesh , B. R. 1996 . Effect of curcumin and eugenol on iron-induced hepatic toxicity in rats . Toxicology , 107 : 39 – 45 .
  • Santibanez , J. F. , Quintanilla , M. and Martinez , J. 2000 . Genistein and curcumin block TGF-beta 1-induced u-PA expression and migratory and invasive phenotype in mouse epidermal keratinocytes . Nutr. Cancer , 37 : 49 – 54 .
  • Shah , B. H. , Nawaz , Z. , Pertani , S. A. , Roomi , A. , Mahmood , H. , Saeed , S. A. and Gilani , A. H. 1999 . Inhibitory effect of curcumin, a food spice from turmeric, on platelet- activating factor- and arachidonic acid-mediated platelet aggregation through inhibition of thromboxane formation and Ca2+ signaling . Biochem. Pharmacol. , 58 : 1167 – 1172 .
  • Shoba , G. , Joy , D. , Joseph , T. , Majeed , M. , Rajendran , R. and Srinivas , P. S. 1998 . Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of curcumin in animals and human volunteers . Planta. Med. , 64 : 353 – 356 .
  • Sidhu , G. S. , Mani , H. , Gaddipati , J. P. , Singh , A. K. , Seth , P. , Banaudha , K. K. , Patnaik , G. K. and Maheshwari , R. K. 1999 . Curcumin enhances wound healing in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and genetically diabetic mice . Wound Repair Regen. , 7 : 362 – 374 .
  • Sidhu , G. S. , Singh , A. K. , Thaloor , D. , Banaudha , K. K. , Patnaik , G. K. , Srimal , R. C. and Maheshwari , R. K. 1998 . Enhancement of wound healing by curcumin in animals . Wound Repair Regen. , 6 : 167 – 177 .
  • Sikora , E. , Bielak-Zmijewska , A. , Piwocka , K. , Skierski , J. and Radziszewska , E. 1997 . Inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis of human and rat T lymphocytes by curcumin, a curry pigment . Biochem. Pharmacol. , 54 : 899 – 907 .
  • Singh , S. and Aggarwal , B. B. 1995 . Activation of transcription factor NF-kappa B is suppressed by curcumin (diferuloylmethane) . J. Biol. Chem. , 270 : 24995 – 25000 .
  • Skrzypczak-Jankun , E. , McCabe , N. P. , Selman , S. H. and Jankun , J. 2000 . Curcumin inhibits lipoxygenase by binding to its central cavity: Theoretical and X-ray evidence . Int. J. Mol. Med. , 6 : 521 – 526 .
  • South , E. H. , Exon , J. H. and Hendrix , K. 1997 . Dietary curcumin enhances antibody response in rats . Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol , 19 : 105 – 119 .
  • Sreejayan , N. and Rao , M. N. 1997 . Nitric oxide scavenging by curcuminoids . J. Pharm. Pharmacol. , 49 : 105 – 107 .
  • Sreejayan , N. and Rao , M. N. 1996 . Free radical scavenging activity of curcuminoids . Arzneimittelforschung , 46 : 169 – 171 .
  • Srimal , R. C. and Dhawan , B. N. 1973 . Pharmacology of diferuloyl methane (curcumin), a non-steroidal anti- inflammatory agent . J. Pharm. Pharmacol. , 25 : 447 – 452 .
  • Srivastava , K. C. , Bordia , A. and Verma , S. K. 1995 . Curcumin, a major component of food spice turmeric (Curcuma longa) inhibits aggregation and alters eicosanoid metabolism in human blood platelets . Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids , 52 : 223 – 227 .
  • Srivastava , R. , Puri , V. , Srimal , R. C. and Dhawan , B. N. 1986 . Effect of curcumin on platelet aggregation and vascular prostacyclin synthesis . Arzneimittelforschung , 36 : 715 – 717 .
  • Surh , Y. 1999 . Molecular mechanisms of chemopreventive effects of selected dietary and medicinal phenolic substances . Mutat. Res. , 428 : 305 – 327 .
  • Thaloor , D. , Miller , K. J. , Gephart , J. , Mitchell , P. O. and Pavlath , G. K. 1999 . Systemic administration of the NF-kappaB inhibitor curcumin stimulates muscle regeneration after traumatic injury . Am. J. Physiol. , 277 : C320 – C329 .
  • Thaloor , D. , Singh , A. K. , Sidhu , G. S. , Prasad , P. V. , Kleinman , H. K. and Maheshwari , R. K. 1998 . Inhibition of angiogenic differentiation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by curcumin . Cell Growth Differ. , 9 : 305 – 312 .
  • Venkatesan , N. , Punithavathi , D. and Arumugam , V. 2000 . Curcumin prevents adriamycin nephrotoxicity in rats . Br. J. Pharmacol. , 129 : 231 – 234 .
  • Verger , P. , Chambolle , M. , Babayou , P. , Le Breton , S. and Volatier , J. L. 1998 . Estimation of the distribution of the maximum theoretical intake for ten additives in France . Food Addit. Contam. , 15 : 759 – 766 .
  • Wang , Y. J. , Pan , M. H. , Cheng , A. L. , Lin , L. I. , Ho , Y. S. , Hsieh , C. Y. and Lin , J. K. 1997 . Stability of curcumin in buffer solutions and characterization of its degradation products . J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. , 15 : 1867 – 1876 .
  • Yamamoto , H. , Hanada , K. , Kawasaki , K. and Nishijima , M. 1997 . Inhibitory effect on curcumin on mammalian phospholipase D activity . FEBS Lett. , 417 : 196 – 198 .
  • Yin , M. J. , Yamamoto , Y. and Gaynor , R. B. 1998 . The anti-inflammatory agents aspirin and salicylate inhibit the activity of I(kappa)B kinase-beta . Nature , 396 : 77 – 80 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.