Biopolymer-Based Antimicrobial Packaging: A Review

REFERENCES

• Balasubramaniam , V. M. and Chinnan , M. S. 1997 . “ Role of Packaging in Quality Preservation of Frozen Foods ” . In Quality in Frozen Food , Edited by: Erickson , M. C. and Hung , Y. C. 296 – 309 . New York, NY : Chapman and Hall . Chapter 15
   Google Scholar
• Labuza , T. P. and Breene , W. M. 1989 . Application of “active packaging” for improvement of shelf-life and nutritional quality of fresh and extended shelf-life foods . J. Food proc. Preserv. , 13 : 1 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinnan , M. S. and Cha , D. S. “ Primary packaging ” . In Food Packaging , Edited by: Heldman , Dennis Dr. N.Y. : Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Engineering. Marcel and Dekker, Inc. . (Accepted)
   Google Scholar
• Rooney , M. L. 1995 . “ Overview of active food packaging ” . In Active Food Packaging , Edited by: Rooney , M. L. 1 – 37 . Glasgow, , U.K. : Blackie Academic & Professional, an imprint of Chapman and Hall . pp
   Google Scholar
• Floros , J. D. , Dock , L. L. and Han , J. H. 1997 . Active packaging technologies and applications . Food, Cosmetics and Drug Packaging , 20 ( 1 ) : 10 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Vermeiren , L. , Devlieghere , F. , van Beest , M. , de Kruijf , N. and Debevere , J. 1999 . Developments in the active packaging of foods . Trends Food Sci. Technol. , 10 : 77 – 86 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez , M. F. 2000 . Review: Active food packaging . Food Sci. Tech. Int. , 6 ( 2 ) : 97 – 108 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinnan , M. S. and Cha , D. S. 2001 . “ What is active packaging and the role of biopolymer films and coatings ” . In Active biopolymer films and coatings for food and biotechnological uses , Edited by: Park , H. J. , Testin , R. J. , Chinnan , M. S. and Park , J. W. 174 – 184 . Seoul, , Korea : Pre-Congress Short Course of IUFoST, Korea University . pp
   Google Scholar
• Chandra , R. and Rustgi , R. 1998 . Biodegradable polymers . Prog. Polym. Sci. , 23 : 1273 – 1335 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson , K. , Nielsen , P. V. , Bertelsen , G. , Lawther , M. , Olsen , M. B. , Nilsson , N. H. and Mortensen , G. 1999 . Potential of biobased materials for food packaging . Trends Food Sci. Technol. , 10 : 52 – 68 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kester , J. J. and Fennema , O. R. 1986 . Edible films and coatings: A Review . Food Technol. , 40 ( 12 ) : 47 – 59 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krochta , J. M. 1992 . “ Control of mass transfer in foods with edible-coatings and films ” . In Advances in food engineering , Edited by: Singh , R. P. and A. , M. 517 – 538 . Boca Raton, FL : RC Press, Inc. . pp
   Google Scholar
• Gontard , N. and Guilbert , S. 1994 . “ Bio-packaging: Technology and properties of edible and/or biodegradable material of agricultural origin ” . In Food Packaging and Preservation , Edited by: Mathlouthi , M. 159 – 181 . London : Blackie Academic & Professional . pp
   Google Scholar
• Gennadios , A. , Hanna , M. A. and Kurth , L. B. 1997 . Application of edible coatings on meats, poultry and seafoods: A review . Lebensm.-Wiss. u-Technol. , 30 : 337 – 350 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debeaufort , F. , Quezada-Gallo , J.-A. and Voilley , A. 1998 . Edible films and coatings: Tomorrow's packagings: A review . Cri. Rew. Food Sci. , 38 ( 4 ) : 229 – 313 .
   Google Scholar
• Field , C. E. , Pivarnik , L. F. , Barnett , S. M. and Rand , A. G. Jr. 1986 . Utilization of glucose oxidase for extending the shelf-life of fish . J. Food Sci. , 51 ( 1 ) : 66 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vojdani , F. and Torres , J. A. 1989 . Potassium sorbate permeability of methylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose multi-layer films . J. Food Proc. Preserv. , 13 : 417 – 430 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cagri , A. , Ustunol , Z. and Ryser , E. T. 2001 . Antimicrobial, mechanical, and moisture barrier properties of low pH whey protein-based edible films containing p-aminobenzoic or sorbic acids . J. Food Sci. , 66 ( 6 ) : 865 – 870 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen , R. , Rippl , C. , Midkiff , D. and Neuwirth , J. 1989 . Antimicrobial absorbent food pad . US Patent , No. 4 865 855
   Google Scholar
• Brody , A. L. , Strupinsky , E. R. and Kline , L. R. 2001 . “ Antimicrobial packaging ” . In Active packaging for food applications , Edited by: Brody , A. L. , R. , E. and Kline , L. R. 131 – 194 . Lancaster, PA : Technomic Publishing Co. Inc. . Chapter 10
   Google Scholar
• Hoover , D. G. and Steenson , L. R. 1693 . Bacteriocins of Lactic Acid Bacteria. , San Diego, CA : Academia Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hershko , V. and Nussinovitch , A. 1998 . The behavior of hydrocolloid coatings on vegetative materials . Biotechnol. Prog. , 14 : 756 – 765 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park , H. J. 1999 . Development of advanced edible coatings for fruits . Trends Food Sci. Technol. , 10 : 254 – 260 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nisperos-Carriedo , M. O. 1994 . “ Edible coatings and films based on polysaccharides ” . In Edible coatings and films to improve food quality , Edited by: Krochta , J. M. , Baldwin , E. A. and Nisperos-Carriedo , M. 305 – 335 . Lancaster, PA : Technomic Publishing Co. Inc. . pp
   Google Scholar
• Guilbert , S. 1986 . “ Technology and application of edible protective films ” . In Food packaging and preservation–Theory and Practice , Edited by: Mathlouthi , M. 371 – 394 . London, , England : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Co. . pp
   Google Scholar
• Park , H. J. and Chinnan , M. S. 1995 . Gas and water vapor barrier properties of edible films from protein and cellulosic materials . J. Food Eng. , 25 : 497 – 507 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park , H. J. , Chinnan , M. S. and Shewfelt , R. L. 1994 . Edible coating effects on storage life and quality of tomatoes . J. Food Sci. , 59 : 568 – 570 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krochta , J. M. and De Mulder-Johnston , C. 1997 . Edible and biodegradable polymer films: Challenges and opportunities . Food Technol. , 51 ( 2 ) : 61 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zobel , H. F. 1988 . Molecules to granules: A comprehensive starch review . Starch , 40 ( 2 ) : 44 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia , M. A. , Martino , M. N. and Zaritzky , N. E. 1998 . Plasticized starch-based coatings to improve strawberry (Fragaria × Ananassa) quality and stability . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 46 ( 9 ) : 3758 – 3767 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin , E. A. , Nisperos , M. O. , Chen , X. and Hagenmaier , R. D. 1996 . Improving storage life of cut apple and potato with edible coating . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 9 : 151 – 163 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ming , X. , Weber , G. H. , Ayres , J. W. and Sandine , W. E. 1997 . Bacteriocins applied to Food packaging materials to inhibit Listeria monocytogenes on meats . J. Food Sci. , 62 ( 2 ) : 413 – 415 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilhoit D. L. 1996 . Film and method for surface treatment of foodstuffs with antimicrobial compositions . US Patent No. 5,573,79 .
   Google Scholar
• Wilhoit D. L. 1997 . Antimicrobial compositions, film and method for surface treatment of foodstuffs . EU Patent No. EP0 750 853 A2
   Google Scholar
• Scannell , A. G. M. , Hill , C. , Ross , R. P. , Marx , S. , Hartmeier , W. and Arendt , K. E. 2000 . Development of bioactive food packaging materials using immobilized bacteriocins Lacticin 3147 and Nisaplin . Int. J. Food Microbiol. , 60 : 241 – 249 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coma , V. , Sebti , I. , Pardon , P. , Deschamps , A. and Pichavant , F. H. 2001 . Antimicrobial edible packaging based on cellulosic ethers, fatty acids, and nisin incorporation to inhibit Listeria innocua . Staphylococcus aureus. J. Food Prot. , 64 ( 4 ) : 470 – 475 . and
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vojdani , F. and Torres , J. A. 1990 . Potassium sorbate permeability of methylcellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose coatings: Effect of fatty acids . J. Food Sci. , 55 ( 3 ) : 841 – 846 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rico-Pena , D. C. and Torres , J. A. 1991 . Sorbic acid and potassium sorbate permeability of an edible methylcellulose-palmitic acid film: Water activity and pH effects . J. Food Sci. , 56 ( 2 ) : 497 – 499 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhuang , R. , Beuchat , L. R. , Chinnan , M. S. , Shewfelt , R. L. and Huang , Y. W. 1996 . Inactivation of Salmonella montevideo on tomatoes by applying cellulose-based films . J. Food Prot. , 59 ( 8 ) : 808 – 812 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Earle , R. D. 1968 . “ Meat and fish coatings: Alginate coatings ” . In Edible coatings and soluble packaging , Edited by: Daniels , R. 188 – 196 . Park Ridge, NJ : Noyes Data Corp. . pp
   Google Scholar
• Lazarus , C. R. , West , R. L. , Oblinger , J. L. and Palmer , A. Z. 1976 . Evaluation of a calcium alginate coating and a protective plastic wrapping for the control of lamb carcass shrinkage . J. Food Sci. , 41 : 639 – 641 .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , S. K. , Oblinger , J. L. and West , R. L. 1978 . Evaluation of a calcium alginate film for use on beef cuts . J. Food Sci. , 43 : 292 – 296 .
   Google Scholar
• Kampf , N. and Nussinovitch , A. 2000 . Hydrocolloid coating of cheeses . Food Hydrocolloids , 14 : 531 – 537 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong , D. W. S. , Gregorski , K. S. , Hudson , J. S. and Pavlath , A. E. 1996 . Calcium alginate films: Thermal properties and permeability to sorbate and ascorbate . J. Food Sci. , 61 ( 2 ) : 337 – 341 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutter , C. N. and Siragusa , G. R. 1996 . Reduction of Brochothrix thermonsphacta on beef surfaces following immobilization of nisin in calcium alginate gels . Lett. Appl. Microbiol. , 23 : 9 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan , J. , Gordon , J. B. , Muirhead , K. , Hickey , M. W. and Coventry , M. J. 1997 . Incorporation of nisin in micro-particles of calcium alginate . Lett. Appl. Microbiol. , 24 : 153 – 158 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natrajan , N. and Sheldon , B. W. 2000 . Inhibition of Salmonella on poultry skin using protein- and polysaccharide-based films containing a nisin formulation . J. Food Prot. , 63 ( 9 ) : 1268 – 1272 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cha , D. S. , Choi , J. H. , Chinnan , M. S. and Park , H. J. Antimicrobial films based on Na-alginate and κ -carrageenan . Lebensm.-Wiss. u.-Technol. , (Accepted)
   Google Scholar
• Meyer , R. C. , Winter , A. R. and Weiser , H. H. 1959 . Edible protective coatings for extending the shelf life of poultry . Food Technol. , 13 : 146 – 148 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres , J. A. , Bouzas , J. O. and Karel , M. 1985 . Microbial stabilization of intermediate moisture food surfaces. II Control of surface pH . J. Food Proc. Preserv. , 9 : 93 – 105 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres , J. A. and Karel , M. 1985 . Microbial stabilization of intermediate moisture food surfaces. III Effects of surface preservative concentration and surface pH control on microbial stability of an intermediate moisture cheese analog . J. Food Proc. Preserv. , 9 : 107 – 119 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahidi , F. , Arachchi , J. K. V. and Jeon , Y. J. 1999 . Food applications of chitin and chitosans . Trends Food Sci. Technol. , 10 : 37 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caner , C. , Vergano , P. J. and Wiles , J. L. 1998 . Chitosan film mechanical and permeation properties as affected by acid, plasticizer, and storage . J. Food Sci. , 63 ( 6 ) : 1049 – 1053 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang , Y. and Li , Y. 2001 . Effects of chitosan coating on postharvest life and quality of longan fruit . Food Chem. , 73 : 139 – 143 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , M. C. , Yeh , G. H. C. and Chiang , B. H. 1996 . Antimicrobial and physicochemical properties of methylcellulose and chitosan films containing a preservative . J. Food Proc. Preserv. , 20 : 379 – 390 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouattara , B. , Simard , R. E. , Piette , G , Begin , A. and Holley , R. A. 2000 . Diffusion of acetic and propionic acids from chitosan-based antimicrobial packaging films . J. Food Sci. , 65 ( 5 ) : 768 – 773 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouattara , B. , Simard , R. E. , Piette , G. , Begin , A. and Holley , R. A. 2000 . Inhibition of surface spoilage bacteria in processed meats by application of antimicrobial films prepared with chitosan . Int. J. Food Microbiol. , 62 : 139 – 148 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natrajan , N. and Sheldon , B. W. 1995 . Evaluation of bacteriocin-based packaging and edible film delivery systems to reduce Salmonella in fresh poultry . Poult. Sci. , 74 : 31
   Google Scholar
• Gennadios , A. , McHugh , T. H. , Weller , C. L. and Krochta , J. M. 1994 . “ Edible coatings and films based on proteins ” . In Edible coatings and films to improve food quality , Edited by: Krochta , J. M. , Baldwin , E. A. and Nisperos-Carreido , M. L. 201 – 277 . Lancaster, PA : Technomic Publishing Co. Inc. . pp
   Google Scholar
• Torres , J. A. 1994 . “ Edible films and coatings from proteins ” . In Protein Functionality in Food Systems , Edited by: Hettiarachy , N. S. and Ziegler , G. R. 467 – 507 . New York, NY : Marcel Dekker, Inc. . pp
   Google Scholar
• Gennadios , A. , Weller , C. L. and Testin , R. F. 1993 . Temperature effect on oxygen permeability of edible protein-based films . J. Food Sci. , 58 ( 1 ) : 212 – 214 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park , H. J. , Chinnan , M. S. and Shewfelt , R. L. 1994 . Edible corn-zein film coatings to extend storage life of tomatoes . J. Food Proc. Preserv. , 18 : 317 – 331 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres , J. A. , Motoki , M. and Karel , M. 1985 . Microbial stabilization of intermediate moisture food surfaces. I Control of surface preservative concentration . J. Food Proc. Preserv. , 9 : 75 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padgett , T. , Han , I. Y. and Dawson , P. L. 1998 . Incorporation of food-grade antimicrobial compounds into biodegradable packaging films . J. Food Prot. , 61 : 1330 – 1335 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padgett , T. , Han , I. Y. and Dawson , P. L. 2000 . Effect of lauric acid addition on the antimicrobial efficacy and water permeability of corn zein films containing nisin . J. Food Proc. Preserv. , 24 : 423 – 432 .
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman , K. L. , Han , I. Y. and Dawson , P. L. 2001 . Antimicrobial effects of corn zein films impregnated with nisin, lauric acid, and EDTA . J. Food Prot. , 64 : 885 – 889 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , H. L. 1981 . Oriental soybean foods . Food Dev. , 15 ( 5 ) : 29 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Gennadios , A. and Weller , C. L. 1991 . Edible films and coatings from soymilk and soy proteins . Cereal Foods World , 36 ( 12 ) : 1004 – 1009 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandenburg , C. L. , Weller , C. L. and Testin , R. F. 1993 . Edible films and coatings from soy protein . J. Food Sci. , 58 ( 5 ) : 1086 – 1089 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunte , L. A. , Gennadios , A. , Cuppett , S. L. , Hanna , M. A. and Weller , C. L. 1997 . Cast films from soy protein isolates and fractions . Cereal Chem. , 74 ( 2 ) : 115 – 118 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pol , H. , Dawson , P. , Acton , J. and Ogale , A. 2002 . Soy protein isolate/corn-zein laminated films: Transport and mechanical properties . J. Food Sci. , 67 ( 1 ) : 212 – 217 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHugh , T. H. and Krochta , J. M. 1994 . Milk protein-based edible films and coatings . Food Technol. , 48 ( 1 ) : 97 – 103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , H. 1995 . Functional properties and applications of edible films made of milk proteins . J. Dairy Sci. , 78 : 2563 – 2583 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banerjee , R. and Chen , H. 1994 . Functional properties of edible films using whey protein concentrate . J. Dairy Sci. , 78 : 1673 – 1683 .
   Google Scholar
• Anker , M. , Stading , M. and Hermansson , A. M. 1999 . Effects of pH and gel state on the mechanical properties, moisture contents, and glass transition temperatures of whey protein films . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 47 : 1878 – 1886 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anker , M. , Stading , M. and Hermansson , A. M. 2001 . Aging of whey protein films and the effect on mechanical and barrier properties . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 49 : 989 – 995 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shaw , N. B. , Monahan , F. J. , O'riordan , E. D. and O'Sullivan , M. 2002 . Physical properties of WPI films plasticized with glycerol, xylitol, or sorbitol . J. Food Sci. , 67 ( 1 ) : 164 – 167 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang , Y. , Tung , M. A. , Britt , I. J. , Yada , S. and Dalgleish , D. G. 2002 . Tensile and barrier properties of edible films made from whey proteins . J. Food Sci. , 67 ( 1 ) : 188 – 193 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozdemir , M. and Floros , J. D. 2001 . Analysis and modeling of potassium sorbate diffusion through edible whey protein films . J. Food Eng. , 47 : 149 – 155 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cagri , A. , Ustunol , Z. and Ryser , E. T. 2001 . Antimicrobial, mechanical, and moisture barrier properties of low pH whey protein-based edible films containing ρ -aminobenzoic or sorbic acids . J. Food Sci. , 66 ( 6 ) : 865 – 870 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jangchud , A. and Chinnan , M. S. 1997 . “ Development of surface and deposition films from peanut protein ” . In Advances in Food Engineering , Edited by: Narshimhan , G. , Okos , M. R. and Lombardo , S. 168 – 172 . West Lafayette, IN : Purdue University Printing Press . pp
   Google Scholar
• Jangchud , A. and Chinnan , M. S. 1999 . Properties of peanut protein film: Sorption isotherm and plasticizer effect . Food Sci. Technol.-LEB , 32 ( 2 ) : 89 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• Jangchud , A. and Chinnan , M. S. 1999 . Peanut protein film as affected by drying temperature and pH of film forming solution . J. Food Sci. , 64 ( 1 ) : 153 – 157 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jangchud , A. , Mallikarjunan , P. , Chinnan , M. S. and Hao , Y. Y. 1999 . “ Sorbic acid migration in intermediated moisture food coated with peanut protein film ” . In ASAE Paper #996147 , 1 – 23 . St. Joseph, MI : ASAE . pp
   Google Scholar
• Gennadios , A. and Weller , C. L. 1990 . Edible films and coatings from wheat and corm proteins . Food Technol. , 44 ( 10 ) : 63 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wall , J. S. and Beckwith , A. C. 1969 . Relationship between structure and rheological properties of gluten proteins . Cereal Sci. Today , 14 ( 1 ) : 20 – 21 . 16–18
   Google Scholar
• Aydt , T. P. , Weller , C. L. and Testin , R. F. 1991 . Mechanical and barrier properties of edible corn and wheat protein films . Transactions of the ASAE , 34 ( 1 ) : 207 – 211 .
   Google Scholar
• Gontard , N. , Guilbert , S. and Cuq , J. L. 1992 . Edible wheat gluten films: Influence of the main process variables on film properties using response surface methodology . J. Food Sci. , 57 : 190 – 195 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gontard , N. , Guilbert , S. and Cuq , J. L. 1993 . Water and glycerol as plasticizers affect mechanical and water vapor barrier properties of an edible wheat gluten film . J. Food Sci. , 58 ( 1 ) : 206 – 211 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gennadios , A. , Weller , C. L. and Testin , R. F. 1993 . Property modification of edible wheat, gluten-based films . Transactions of the ASAE , 36 ( 2 ) : 465 – 470 .
   Google Scholar
• Redl , A. , Gontard , N. and Guilbert , S. 1996 . Determination of sorbic acid diffusivity in edible wheat gluten and lipid based films . J. Food Sci. , 61 ( 1 ) : 116 – 120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieberman , E. R. and Gilbert , S. G. 1973 . Gas permeation of collagen films as affected by cross-linkage, moisture, and plasticizer content . J. Polymer Sci. , 41 : 33 – 43 .
   Google Scholar
• Farouk , M. M. , Price , J. F. and Salih , A. M. 1990 . Effect of an edible collagen film overwrap on exudation and lipid oxidation in beef round steak . J. Food Sci. , 55 ( 6 ) : 1510 – 1563 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim , L. T. , Mine , Y. and Tung , M. A. 1999 . Barrier and Tensile properties of transglutaminase cross-linked gelatin films as affected by relative humidity, temperature, and glycerol content . J. Food Sci. , 64 ( 4 ) : 616 – 622 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guilbert , S. 1988 . “ Use of superficial edible layer to protect intermediate moisture foods: Application to the protection of tropical fruit dehydrated by osmosis ” . In Food preservation by moisture control , Edited by: Seow , C. C. , Teng , T. T. and Quah , C. H. 199 – 219 . Elsevier Applied Science Publisher, Ltd. . pp
   Google Scholar
• Hernandez , E. 1994 . “ Edible coatings from lipids and resins ” . In Edible coatings and films to improve food quality , Edited by: Krochta , J. M. , Baldwin , E. A. and Nisperos-Carriedo , M. 279 – 303 . Lancaster, PA : Technomic Publishing Co. Inc. . pp
   Google Scholar
• Callegarin , F. , Gallo , J. A. Q. , Debeaufort , F. and Voilley , A. 1997 . Review: Lipids and biopackaging . JAOCS , 74 ( 10 ) : 1183 – 1192 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donhowe , G. and Fennema , O. 1993 . Water vapor and oxygen permeability of wax films . JAOCS , 70 ( 9 ) : 867 – 873 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakshminarayana , S. , Luis , S. L. and Ortiz , J. I. 1974 . Extension of storage life of citrus fruits by application of candelilla wax emulsion and comparison of its efficiency with TAG and Flavor seal . Proc. Fla State Hortic. Soc. , 87 : 325 – 330 .
   Google Scholar
• Paredes-Lopez , O. , Camargo-Rubio , E. and Gallardo-Navarro , Y. 1974 . Use of coatings of candelilla wax for the preservation of limes . J. Sci Fd. Agric. , 25 : 1207 – 1210 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mannheim , C. H. and Soffer , T. 1996 . Permeability of different wax coatings and their effect on citrus fruit quality . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 44 : 919 – 923 .
   Google Scholar
• Debeaufort , F. and Voilley , A. 1995 . Effect of surfactants and drying rate on barrier properties of emulsified edible films . Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. , 30 : 183 – 190 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamper , S. L. and Fennema , O. 1984 . Water vapor permeability of edible bilayer films . J. Food Sci. , 49 : 1478 – 1485 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamper , S. L. and Fennema , O. 1984 . Water vapor permeability of an edible, fatty acid, bilayer film . J. Food Sci. , 49 : 1482 – 1485 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greener , I. K. and Fennema , O. 1989 . Barrier properties and surface characteristics of edible, bilayer films . J. Food Sci. , 54 : 1393 – 1399 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kester , J. J. and Fennema , O. 1989 . An edible film of lipids and cellulose ethers: Barrier properties to moisture vapor transmission and structural evaluation . J. Food Sci. , 54 ( 6 ) : 1383 – 1389 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagenmaier , R. D. and Shaw , P. E. 1990 . Moisture permeability of edible films made with fatty acid and (hydroxypropyl)methylcellulose . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 38 ( 9 ) : 1799 – 1803 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rico-Pena , D. C. and Torres , J. A. 1990 . Oxygen transmission rate of an edible methylcellulose- palmitic acid film . J. Food Proc. Eng. , 13 : 125 – 133 .
   Google Scholar
• Ruan , R. R. , Xu , L. and Chen , P. L. 1998 . Water vapor permeability and tensile strength of cellulose-based composite edible films . ASAE , 14 ( 4 ) : 411 – 413 .
   Google Scholar
• Debeaufort , F. , Quezada-Gallo , J. A. , Delpote , B. and Voilley , A. 2000 . Lipid hydrophobicity and physical state effects on the properties of bilayer edible films . J. Membr. Sci. , 180 : 47 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Wong , D. W. S. , Gastineau , F. A. , Gregorski , K. S. , Tillin , S. J. and Pavlath , A. E. 1992 . Chitosan-lipid films: Microstructure and surface energy . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 40 : 540 – 544 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chuah , E. C. , Idrus , A. Z. , Lim , C. L. and Seow , C. C. 1983 . Development of an improved soya protein-lipid film . J. Food Technol. , 18 : 619 – 627 .
   Google Scholar
• Sian , N. K. and Ishak , S. 1990 . Effect of pH on yield, chemical composition, and boiling resistance of soybean protein-lipid film . Cereal Foods World , 35 ( 8 ) : 754 – 756 .
   Google Scholar
• Gennadios , A. , Weller , C. L. and Testin , R. F. 1993 . Property of modification of edible wheat, gluten-based films . ASAE , 36 ( 2 ) : 465 – 470 .
   Google Scholar
• Avena-Bustillos , R. J. and Krochta , J. M. 1993 . Water vapor permeability of caseinate-based edible films as affected by pH, calcium crosslinking and lipid content . J. Food Sci. , 58 ( 4 ) : 904 – 907 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gontard , N. , Duchez , C. , Cuq , J. L. and Guilbert , S. 1994 . Edible composite films of wheat gluten and lipids: Water vapour permeability and other physical properties . Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. , 29 : 39 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHugh , T. H. and Krochta , J. M. 1994 . Water vapor permeability properties of edible whey protein-lipid emulsion films . JAOCS , 71 ( 3 ) : 307 – 312 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHugh , T. H. and Krochta , J. M. 1994 . Dispersed phase particle size effects on water vapor permeability of whey protein-beeswax edible emulsion films . J. Food Proc. Preserv. , 18 : 173 – 188 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang , L. and Paulson , A. T. 2000 . Effects of lipids on mechanical and moisture barrier properties of edible gellan film . Food Res. Int. , 33 : 571 – 578 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Gago , M. B. and Krochta , J. M. 2001 . Lipid particle size effect on water vapor permeability and mechanical properties of whey protein beeswax emulsion films . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 49 : 996 – 1002 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , S. J. and Ustunol , Z. 2001 . Thermal properties, heat sealability and seal attributes of whey protein isolate/lipid emulsion edible films . J. Food Sci. , 66 ( 7 ) : 985 – 990 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arvanitoyannis , I. , Nakayana , A. and Aiba , S. I. 1998 . Edible films made from hydroxypropyl starch and gelatin and plasticized by polyols and water . Carbohydr. Polym. , 36 : 105 – 119 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arvanitoyannis , I. , Nakayana , A. and Aiba , S. I. 1998 . Chitosan and gelatin based edible films: State diagrams, mechanical, and permeation properties . Carbohydr. Polym. , 37 : 371 – 382 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shih , F. F. 1994 . Interaction of soy isolate with polysaccharide and its effect on film properties . JAOCS , 71 ( 11 ) : 1281 – 1285 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhim , J. W. , Wu , Y. , Weller , C. L. and Schnepf , M. 1999 . Physical characteristics of a composite film of soy protein isolate and propyleneglycol alginate . J. Food Sci. , 64 ( 1 ) : 149 – 152 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gennadios , A. , Park , H. J. and Weller , C. L. 1993 . Relative humidity and temperature effects on tensile strength of edible protein and cellulose ether films . ASAE , 36 ( 6 ) : 1867 – 1872 .
   Google Scholar
• Xiao , C. , Gao , S. and Zhang , L. 2000 . Blend films from konjac glucomanna and sodium alginate solutions and their preservative effect . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 77 : 617 – 626 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han , J. H. 2000 . Antimicrobial food packaging . Food Technol. , 54 ( 3 ) : 56 – 65 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appendini , P. and Hotchkiss , J. H. 2002 . Review of antimicrobial food package . Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies , 3 : 113 – 126 .
   Google Scholar
• Brul , S. and Coote , P. 1999 . Preservative agents in foods: Mode of action and microbial resistance mechanisms . Int. J. Food Microbiol. , 50 : 1 – 17 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh , K. G. , Srivatsava , A. N. , Nirmala , N. and Sharma , T. R. 1973 . Development and application of fungistatic wrappers in food preservation. Part I. Wrappers obtained by impregnation method . J. Food Sci. Technol. , 10 : 105 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Ghosh , K. G. , Srivatsava , A. N. , Nirmala , N. and Sharma , T. R. 1977 . Development and application of fungistatic wrappers in food preservation. Part II. Wrappers made by coating process . J. Food Sci. Technol. , 14 : 261 – 264 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vojdani , F. and Torres , J. A. 1989 . Potassium sorbate permeability polysaccharide films: Chitosan, methylcellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose . J. Food Proc. Eng. , 12 : 33 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Baron , J. K. and Sumner , S. S. 1993 . Antimicrobial containing edible films as an inhibitory system to control microbial growth on meat products . J. Food Prot. , 56 : 916
   Google Scholar
• Weng , Y. M. and Chen , M. J. 1997 . Sorbic anhydride as antimycotic additive in polyethylene food packaging films . Lebensm.–Wiss. u.-Technol. , 30 : 485 – 487 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han , J. H. and Floros , J. D. 1997 . Casting antimicrobial packaging films and measuring their physical properties and antimicrobial activity . J. Plastic Film & Sheeting , 13 : 287 – 298 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weng , Y. M. , Chen , M. J. and Chen , W. L. 1998 . Antimicrobial Food Packaging Materials from Poly (ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) . Lebensm.–Wiss. u.-Technol. , 32 ( 4 ) : 191 – 195 .
   Google Scholar
• Devlieghere , F. , Vermeiren , L. , Bockstal , A. and Debevere , J. 2000 . Study on antimicrobial activity of a food packaging material containing potassium sorbate . Acta Alimentaria , 29 : 137 – 146 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang , L. J. , Huang , C. H. and Weng , Y. M. 1997 . Using antimicrobial polyethylene films and minimal microwave heating to control the microbial growth of tilapia fillets during cold storage . Food Sci. Taiwan , 24 : 263 – 268 .
   Google Scholar
• Dobias , J. , Chudackova , K. , Voldrich , M. and Marek , M. 2000 . Properties of polyethylene films with incorporated benzoic anhydride and/or ethyl and propyl esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and their suitability for food packaging . Food Additives and Contaminants , 17 ( 12 ) : 1047 – 1053 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weng , Y. M. , Chen , M. J. and Chen , W. L. 1997 . Benzoyl chloride modified ionomer films as antimicrobial food packaging materials . Int. J. Food Sci. Tech. , 32 : 229 – 234 .
   Google Scholar
• Chung , D. H. , Chikindas , M. L. and Yam , K. L. 2001 . Inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by slow release of propyl paraben from a polymer coating . J. Food Prot. , 64 ( 9 ) : 1420 – 1424 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill , A. O. and Holley , R. A. 2000 . Inhibition of bacterial growth on ham and bologna by lysozyme, nisin and EDTA . Food Res. Int. , 33 : 83 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appendini , P. and Hotchkiss , J. H. 1997 . Immobilization of lysozyme on food contact polymers as potential antimicrobial films . Packaging Technol. Sci. , 10 : 271 – 279 .
   Google Scholar
• Soares , N. F. F. and Hotchkiss , J. H. 1998 . Naringinase immobilization in packaging films for reducing naringin concentration in grapefruit juice . J. Food Sci. , 63 : 61 – 65 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schillinger , U. , Geisen , R. and Holzapfel , W. H. 1996 . Potential of antagonistic microorganisms and bacteriocins for the biological preservation of foods . Trends Food Sci. Tech. , 7 : 158 – 164 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daeschel , M. A. , McGuire , J. and AL-Makhlafi , H. 1992 . Antimicrobial activity of nisin adsorbed to hydrophilic and hydrophobic silicon surfaces . J. Food Prot. , 55 ( 9 ) : 731 – 735 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutter , C. N. and Siragusa , G. R. 1998 . Incorporation of nisin into a meat binding system to inhibit bacteria on beef surfaces . Lett. Appl. Microbiol. , 27 : 19 – 23 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siragusa , G. R. , Cutter , C. N. and Willett , J. L. 1999 . Incorporation of bacteriocin in plastic retains activity and inhibits surface growth of bacteria on meat . Food Microbiol. , 16 : 229 – 235 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutter , C. N. , Willett , J. L. and Siragusa , G. R. 2001 . Improved antimicrobial activity of nisin-incorporated polymer films by formulation change and addition of food grade chelator . Lett. Appl. Microbiol. , 33 : 325 – 328 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natrajan , N. and Sheldon , B. W. 2000 . Efficacy of nisin-coated polymer films to inactivate Salmonella Typhimurium on fresh broiler skin . J. Food Prot. , 63 : 1189 – 1196 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ko , S. , James , M. E. , Hettiarachchy , N. S. and Johnson , M. G. 2001 . Physical and chemical properties of edible films containing nisin and their action against . Listeria monocytogenes. J. Food Sci. , 66 ( 7 ) : 1006 – 1011 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cha , D. S. , Cooksey , K. , Chinnan , M. S. and Park , H. J. Release of nisin from various heat-press and cast films . Lebensm. -Wiss. u-Technol. , (Submitted)
   Google Scholar
• Cha , D. S. , Chen , J. , Park , H. J. and Chinnan , M. S. Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes in tofu by use of a polyethylene film coated with a cellulosic solution containing nisin . Int. J. Food Sci. & Technol. , (Accepted)
   Google Scholar
• Cutter , C. N. 1992 . The effectiveness of triclosan-incorporated plastic against bacteria on beef surfaces . J. Food Prot. , 62 : 474 – 479 .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , D. S. , Hwang , Y. I. and Cho , S. H. 1998 . Developing antimicrobial packaging film for curled lettuce and soybean sprouts . Food Sci. Biotechnol. , 7 : 117 – 121 .
   Google Scholar
• Ha , J. U. , Kim , Y. M. and Lee , D. S. 2001 . Multilayered antimicrobial polyethylene films applied to the packaging of ground beef . Packaging Tech. Sci. , 14 : 55 – 62 .
   Google Scholar
• Boziaris , I. S. and Adams , M. R. 1999 . Effect of chelators and nisin produced in situ on inhibition and inactivation of Gram negatives . Int. J. Food Microbiol. , 53 : 105 – 113 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosentino , S. , Tuberoso , C. I. G. , Pisano , B. , Satta , M. , Mascia , V. , Arzedi , E. and Palmas , F. 1999 . In-vitro antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of Sardinian Thumus essential oils . Lett. Appl. Microbiol. , 29 : 130 – 135 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carson , C. F. and Riley , T. V. 1995 . Antimicrobial activity of the major components of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia> . J. Appl. Bacteriol. , 78 ( 13 ) : 264 – 269 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lis-Balchin , M. , Buchbauer , M. , Ribisch , G. and Wenger , M. T. 1998 . Comparative antibacterial effects of novel Pelargonium> essential oils and solvent extracts . Lett. Appl. Microbiol. , 27 ( 3 ) : 135 – 141 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez , C. , Agnese , A. M. and Cabrera , J. L. 1999 . The essential oil of Senecio graveolens (Compositae): Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity tests . J. Ethnopharmacol. , 66 : 91 – 96 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canillac , N. and Mourey , A. 2001 . Antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Picea excelsa on Listeria, Staphylococcus aureus and coliform bacteria . Food Microbiol. , 18 : 261 – 268 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orafidiya , L. O. , Oyedele , A. O. , Shittu , A. O. and Elujoba , A. A. 2001 . The formulation of an effective topical antibacterial product containing Ocimum gratissimum leaf essential oil . Int. J. Pharm. , 224 : 177 – 183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouattara , B. , Sabato , S. F. and Lacroix , M. 2001 . Combined effect of antimicrobial coating and gamma irradiation on shelf life extension of pre-cooked shrimp (Penaeus spp.) . Int. J. Food Microbiol. , 68 : 1 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weng , Y. M. and Hotchkiss , J. H. 1992 . Inhibition of surface molds on cheese by polyethylene film containing the antimycotic imazalil . J. Food Prot. , 55 ( 5 ) : 367 – 369 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halek , G. W. and Garg , A. 1989 . Fungal inhibition by a fungicide coupled to an ionomeric film . J. Food Safe , 9 : 215 – 222 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg , S. , Doyle , R. and Rosenberg , M. 1990 . Mechanism of enhancement of microbial cell hydrophobicity by cationic polymers . J. Bacteriol. , 172 ( 10 ) : 5650 – 5654 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuq , B. , Contard , N. and Guilbert , S. 1995 . “ Edible films and coatings as active layers ” . In Active Food Packaging , Edited by: Rooney , M. L. 111 – 142 . Glasgow, UK : Blackie Academic & Professional, an imprint of Chapman and Hall . pp
   Google Scholar
• Rhoades , J. and Roller , S. 2000 . Antimicrobial actions of degraded and native chitosan against spoilage organisms in laboratory media and foods . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 66 ( 1 ) : 80 – 86 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park , C. M. , Taormina , P. J. and Beuchat , L. R. 2000 . Efficacy of allyl isothiocyanate in killing enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 on alfalfa seeds . Int. J. Food Microbiol. , 56 : 13 – 20 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Depree , J. A. , Howard , T. M. and Savage , G. P. 1999 . Flavor and pharmaceutical properties of the volatile sulphur compounds of wasabi . Food Res. Int. , 31 ( 5 ) : 329 – 337 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koichiro , Y. 1998 . Preservation of freshness by antimicrobial packaging films using wasabi component . Food Sci. , 35 ( 11 ) : 102 – 107 .
   Google Scholar
• Lim , L. T. and Tung , M. A. 1997 . Vapor pressure of allylisothiocyanate and its transport in PVDC/PVC copolymer packaging film . J. Food Sci. , 62 ( 5 ) : 1061 – 1066 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen , P. V. and Rios , R. 2000 . Inhibition of fungal growth on bread by volatile components from spices and herbs, and the possible application in active packaging, with special emphasis on mustard essential oil . Int. J. Food Microbiol. , 60 : 219 – 229 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar