Food Advertising During Children's Television Programming on Broadcast and Cable Channels

REFERENCES

• Atkin , C. K. 1978 . Observations of parent-child interaction in supermarket decision-making . Journal of Marketing , 42 : 41 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barcus , F. E. 1977 . Children's television: An analysis of programming and advertising , New York : Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• Barcus , F. E. 1980 . “ The nature of television advertising to children ” . In Children and the faces of television , Edited by: Palmer , E. and Dorr , A. 273 – 285 . New York : Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Better Business Bureau. (2006). New food, beverage initiative to focus kids’ ads on healthy choices; Revised guidelines strengthen CARU's guidance to food advertisers. http://www.bbb.org/alerts/article.asp?ID=728 (Accessed: 24 November 2006 ).
   Google Scholar
• Byrd-Bredbenner , C. 2002 . Saturday morning children's television advertising: A longitudinal content analysis . Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal , 30 : 382 – 403 .
   Google Scholar
• Chamberlain , L. J. , Wang , Y. and Robinson , T. N. 2006 . Does children's screen time predict requests for advertised products? . Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine , 160 : 363 – 368 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaplin , H. 1999 . Food fight . American Demographics , 21 ( 6 ) : 64 – 65 .
   Google Scholar
• Condry , J. , Bence , P. and Scheibe , C. 1988 . Nonprogram content of children's television . Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , 32 : 255 – 270 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellison , S. and Adamy , J. 2005 . Panel faults food packaging for kid obesity . The Wall Street Journal , December 7 : B1 B10
   Google Scholar
• Galst , J. and White , M. 1976 . The unhealthy persuade: The reinforcing value of television and children's purchase-influencing attempts at the supermarket . Journal of Consumer Research , 1 : 69 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Gamble , M. and Cotugna , N. 1999 . A quarter century of TV food advertising targeted at children . American Journal of Health Behavior , 23 : 261 – 267 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg , M. E. and Gorn , G. J. 1978 . Some unintended consequences of TV advertising to children . Journal of Consumer Research , 5 : 22 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gogoi, P. (2005, July). Spongebob squaremeal? Business Week http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/ jul2005/nf20050725_3603_db016.htm (Accessed: 1 July 2006 ).
   Google Scholar
• Gunter , B. , Oates , C. and Blades , M. 2005 . Advertising to children on TV: Content, impact, and regulation , Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Harrison , K. and Marske , A. L. 2005 . Nutritional content of foods advertised during the television programs children watch most . American Journal of Public Health , 95 : 1568 – 1574 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hastings , G. , Stead , M. , McDermott , L. , Forsyth , A. , MacKintosh , A. M. Rayner , M. 2003 . Review of research on the effect of food promotion to children , Glasgow, , Scotland : Center for Social Marketing .
   Google Scholar
• Hedley , A. A. , Ogden , C. L. , Johnson , C. L. , Carroll , M. D. , Curtin , L. R. and Flegal , K. M. 2004 . Prevalence of overweight and obesity among U.S. children, adolescents, and adults, 1999–2002 . Journal of the American Medical Association , 291 : 2847 – 2850 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellmich , N. 2005 . Drastic changes urged in marketing food for kids . USA Today , December 7 : A1
   Google Scholar
• Horgen , K. , Choate , M. and Brownell , K. 2001 . “ Television food advertising: Targeting children in a toxic environment ” . In Handbook of children and the media , Edited by: Singer , D. G. and Singer , J. L. 447 – 461 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine . 2005 . Preventing childhood obesity: Health in the balance , Washington, DC : National Academies Press .
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine . 2006 . Food marketing to children and youth: Threat or opportunity? , Washington, DC : National Academies Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kotz , K. and Story , M. 1994 . TV food ads on Saturday morning . Journal of the American Dietetic Association , 94 : 1296 – 1300 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnamoorthy , J. S. , Hart , C. and Jelalian , E. 2006 . The epidemic of childhood obesity: Review of research and implications for public policy . SRCD Social Policy Report , 19 : 2 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Kunkel , D. 2001 . “ Children and television advertising ” . In Handbook of children and the media , Edited by: Singer , D. G. and Singer , J. L. 375 – 393 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Kunkel , D. and Gantz , W. 1992 . Children's television advertising in the multi-channel environment . Journal of Communication , 42 : 134 – 152 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunkel , D. and McIlrath , M. 2003 . “ Message content in advertising to children ” . In The faces of televisual media: Teaching, violence, selling to children , Edited by: Palmer , E. L. and Young , B. M. 287 – 300 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Livingstone , S. and Helsper , E. 2004 . Advertising food to children: Understanding promotion in the context of children's daily lives , London : London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Media and Communications .
   Google Scholar
• Mayer , C. 2005 . TV ads entice kids to overeat, study finds . Washington Post , December 7 : D1 D3
   Google Scholar
• Moore , E. 2006 . It's child's play: Adver-gaming and the online marketing of food to children , Menlo Park, CA : Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Ogden , C. L. , Flegal , K. M. , Carroll , M. D. and Johnson , C. L. 2002 . Prevention and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999–2000 . Journal of the American Medical Association , 288 : 1728 – 1733 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer , E. and Carpenter , C. 2006 . Food and beverage marketing to children and youth: Trends and issues . Media Psychology , 8 : 165 – 190 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puhl , R. and Brownell , K. 2002 . “ Stigma, discrimination, and obesity ” . In Eating disorders and obesity: A comprehensive handbook , Edited by: Fairburn , C. and Brownell , K. New York : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Roberts , D. F. , Foehr , U. G. and Rideout , V. R. 2005 . Generation M: Media in the lives of 8–18 year-olds , Menlo Park, CA : Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• “Selling junk food to toddlers.” (2006, February 23). New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2006/ 02/23/opinion/23thu3.htm?_r=12oref=slogin (Accessed: 23 February 2006 ).
   Google Scholar
• Schor , J. 2004 . Born to buy: The commercialized child and the new consumer culture , New York : Scribner .
   Google Scholar
• Story, M., & French, S. (2004). Food advertising and marketing directed at children and adolescents in the U. S. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 1. http://www.ijbnpa.org/content/1/1/3 (Accessed: 20 November 2005 ).
   Google Scholar
• Teinowitz, I. (2005, December 6). Children-and-food study slams marketing industry. Ad Age.com. http://adage.com/abstract.php?article_id=47672 (Accessed: 25 November 2006 ).
   Google Scholar
• Tumulty , K. 2006 . The politics of fat . Time , 167 March 27 : 40 – 43 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2005). Ways to enhance children's activity and nutrition http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/obesity/wecan/ (Accessed: 2 February 2006 ).
   Google Scholar
• Ward , S. , Wackman , D. B. and Wartella , E. 1977 . How children learn to buy: The development of consumer-information processing skills , Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Warner , M. 2005 . Selling food to children: Some producers begin a shift to healthier products . New York Times , December 16 : C1 C7
   Google Scholar
• Wells , W. and Lo Sciuto , L. 1966 . Direct observation of purchasing behavior . Journal of Marketing Research , 3 : 227 – 233 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar