Now You See It. Now You Don't: Fair Balance and Adequate Provision in Advertisements for Drugs Before and After the Switch From Prescription to Over-the-Counter

REFERENCES

• Abel , G. A. , Lee , S. J. and Weeks , J. C. 2007 . Direct-to-consumer advertising in oncology: A content analysis of print media . Journal of Clinical Oncology , 25 : 1267 – 1271 . doi: 10.1200/JCO.2006.09.5968
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Althaus , S. L. , Edy , J. A. and Phalen , P. F. 2002 . Using the Vanderbilt television abstracts to track broadcast news content: Possibilities and pitfalls . Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , 46 : 473
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell , R. A. , Wilkes , M. S. and Kravitz , R. L. 2000 . The educational value of consumer-targeted prescription drug print advertising . Journal of Family Practice , 49 : 1092 – 1098 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brownfield , E. D. , Bernhardt , J. M. , Phan , J. L. , Williams , M. V. and Parker , R. M. 2004 . Direct-to-consumer drug advertisements on network television: An exploration of quantity, frequency, and placement . Journal of Health Communication , 9 : 491 – 497 . doi: 10.1080/10810730490523115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrd-Bredbenner , C. and Grasso , D. 1999 . Prime-time health: An analysis of health content in television commercials broadcast during programs viewed heavily by children . International Electronic Journal of Health Education , 2 : 159 – 169 .
   Google Scholar
• Byrt , T. , Bishop , J. and Carlin , J. B. 1993 . Bias, prevalence and kappa . Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , 46 : 423 – 429 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLorme , D. E. , Huh , J. , Reid , L. N. and An , S. 2010 . The state of public research on over-the-counter advertising . International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing , 4 : 208 – 231 .
   Google Scholar
• Division of Drug Marketing, Advertising and Communications, Food and Drug Administration. (1999). Consumer-directed broadcast advertisements. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/ GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM070065. pdf (http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/ GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM070065. pdf)
   Google Scholar
• Division of Drug Marketing, Advertising and Communications, Food and Drug Administration . 2009 . Presenting risk information in prescription drug and medical device promotion
   Google Scholar
• Farris , P. W. and Albion , M. S. 1980 . The impact of advertising on the price of consumer products . Journal of Marketing , 44 : 17 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frosch , D. L. , Grande , D. , Tarn , D. M. and Kravitz , R. L. 2010 . A decade of controversy: Balancing policy with evidence in the regulation of prescription drug advertising . American Journal of Public Health , 100 : 24 – 32 . doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.153767
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene , J. A. and Herzberg , D. 2010 . Hidden in plain sight: Marketing prescription drugs to consumers in the twentieth century . American Journal of Public Health , 100 : 793 – 803 . doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.181255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt , M. 1998 . Direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs , Washington , DC : National Health Policy Forum .
   Google Scholar
• Johnsen , D. 2000 . Price changes in RX to OTC switches , Unpublished master's thesis, University of Wisconsin–Madison .
   Google Scholar
• Juhl , R. P. 1998 . Prescription to over-the-counter switch: A regulatory perspective . Clinical Therapeutics , 20 : C111 – C117 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaphingst , K. A. , DeJong , W. , Rudd , R. E. and Daltroy , L. H. 2004 . A content analysis of direct-to-consumer television prescription drug advertisements . Journal of Health Communication , 9 : 515 – 528 . doi: 10.1080/10810730490882586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , W. J. and King , K. W. 2009 . Product category effects on external search for prescription and nonprescription drugs . Journal of Advertising , 38 ( 1 ) : 5 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macias , W. and Lewis , L. S. 2005 . How well do direct-to-consumer, DTC, prescription drug web sites meet FDA guidelines and public policy concerns? . Health Marketing Quarterly , 22 : 45
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Macias , W. , Pashupati , K. and Lewis , L. S. 2007 . A wonderful life or diarrhea and dry mouth? Policy issues of direct-to-consumer drug advertising on television . Health Communication , 22 : 241 – 252 . doi: 10.1080/10410230701626893
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahecha , L. A. 2006 . Outlook—Rx-to-OTC switches: Trends and factors underlying success . Nature Reviews Drug Discovery , 5 : 380 – 385 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Main , K. J. , Argo , J. J. and Huhmann , B. A. 2004 . Pharmaceutical advertising in the USA: Information or influence? . International Journal of Advertising , 23 ( 1 ) : 119
   Google Scholar
• Martino, M., & Staton, T. (2008). Big pharma's top 13 advertising budgets. http://www.fiercepharma.com/special-reports/top-13-advertising-budgets (http://www.fiercepharma.com/special-reports/top-13-advertising-budgets)
   Google Scholar
• Morris , L. A. , Mazis , M. B. and Brinberg , D. 1989 . Risk disclosure in televised prescription drug advertising to consumers . Journal of Public Policy and Marketing , 8 : 64 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen , N. T. , Cook , D. M. and Bero , L. A. 2006 . The decision-making process of US food and drug administration advisory committees on switches from prescription to over-the-counter status: A comparative case study . Clinical Therapeutics , 28 : 1231 – 1243 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paivio , A. 1991 . Dual coding theory—Retrospect and current status . Canadian Journal of Psychology-Revue Canadienne De Psychologie , 45 : 255 – 287 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pember , D. R. and Calvert , C. 2008 . Mass media law , Boston : McGraw-Hill Higher Education .
   Google Scholar
• Roth , M. S. 1996 . Patterns in direct-to-consumer prescription drug print advertising and their public policy implications . Journal of Public Policy & Marketing , 15 ( 1 ) : 63
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephens , E. C. and Johnson , M. M. S. 2000 . Dr. mom and other influences on younger and older adults’ OTC medication purchases . Journal of Applied Gerontology , 19 : 441 – 459 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumpradit , N. , Ascione , F. J. and Bagozzi , R. P. 2004 . A cross-media content analysis of motivational themes in direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising . Clinical Therapeutics , 26 ( 1 ) : 135 – 154 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Editors of the New York Times. (2009, August 4, 2009). Should prescription drug ads be reined in? The New York Times. http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/04/should-prescription -drug-ads-be-reined- (http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/04/should-prescription -drug-ads-be-reined-)
   Google Scholar
• Tsao , J. C. 1997 . Informational and symbolic content of over-the-counter drug advertising on television . Journal of Drug Education , 27 : 173 – 197 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar