Help a Buddy Take a Knee: Creating Persuasive Messages for Military Service Members to Encourage Others to Seek Mental Health Help

REFERENCES

• Army. (n.d.-a). About the Army. http://www.goarmy.com/about/ranks_insignia_officer.jsp (http://www.goarmy.com/about/ranks_insignia_officer.jsp)
   Google Scholar
• Army (n.d.-b). Operational unit diagrams. http://www.army.mil/info/organization/unitsandcommands/oud (http://www.army.mil/info/organization/unitsandcommands/oud)
   Google Scholar
• Atkin , C. K. and Freimuth , V. S. 1990 . “ Formative evaluation research in campaign design ” . In Public communication campaigns , Edited by: Rice , R. E. and Atkin , C. K. 125 – 145 . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Associated Press. (2008). Service members won't have to disclose past therapy. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24391743/ (http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24391743/)
   Google Scholar
• Bettinghaus , E. P. 1986 . Health promotion and the knowledge-attitude-behavior continuum . Preventive Medicine , 15 : 475 – 491 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnam , M. A. , Meredith , L. S. , Tanielian , T. and Jaycox , L. H. 2009 . Mental health care for Iraq and Afghanistan war Veterans . Health Affairs , 28 : 771 – 782 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delaney , W. , Grube , J. and Amer , G. 1998 . Predicting likelihood of seeking help through the employee assistance program among salaried and union hourly employees . Addiction , 93 : 399 – 410 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Defense. (2010). Military personnel statistics: Active duty military personnel by rank/grade. http://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/MILITARY/miltop.htm (http://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/MILITARY/miltop.htm)
   Google Scholar
• Devois-Comby , L. and Salovey , P. 2002 . Applying persuasion strategies to alter HIV-relevant thoughts and behavior . Review of General Psychology , 6 : 287 – 304 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerstein , L,. and Bayer , G. 1988 . Employee assistance programs: A systematic investigation of their use . Journal of Counseling and Development , 66 : 294 – 298 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartwell , T. , Steele , P. , French , M. , Potter , F. , Rodman , N. and Zarkin , G. 1996 . Aiding troubled employees: The prevalence, cost, and characteristics of employee assistance programs in the United States . American Journal of Public Health , 86 : 804 – 808 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoge , C. W. , Auchterlonie , J. L. and Milliken , C. S. 2006 . Mental health problems, use of mental health services, and attrition from military service after returning from deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan . Journal of American Medical Association , 295 : 1023 – 1032 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoge , C. W. , Castro , C. A. , Messer , S. C. , McGurk , D. , Cotting , D. I. and Koffman , R. L. 2004 . Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care . New England Journal of Medicine , 351 : 13 – 22 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornik , R. C. 1990 . “ Channel effectiveness in development communication programs ” . In Public communication campaigns , Edited by: Rice , R. E. and Atkin , C. K. 309 – 330 . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Hovland , C. I. , Janis , I. L. and Kelley , H. H. 1953 . Communication and persuasion , New Haven , CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Krueger , R. A. and Casey , M. A. 2008 . “ Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research ” . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Kreuter , M. W. and McClure , S. M. 2004 . The role of culture in health communication . Annual Review of Public Health , 25 : 439 – 455 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGuire , W. J. 1990 . “ Theoretical foundations of campaigns ” . In Public communication campaigns , Edited by: Rice , R. E. and Atkin , C. K. 43 – 66 . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Marshall , A. A. , Smith , S. W. and McKeon , J. K. 1995 . Persuading low-income women to engage in mammography screening: Source, message, and channel preferences . Health Communication , 7 : 283 – 299 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGuire , W. J. 1999 . Constructing social psychology: Creative and critical processes , Oxford , UK : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Milne , S. and Blum , T. 1994 . Factors influencing employees' propensity to use and employee assistance program . Personnel Psychology , 47 : 123 – 145 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison , K. 2005 . “ Motivating women and men to take protective action against rape: Examining direct and indirect persuasive fear appeals ” . In Health Communication Vol. 18 , 237 – 256 .
   Google Scholar
• Norris , F. H. , Kaniasty , K. Z. and Scheer , D. A. 1990 . Use of mental health services among victims of crime: Frequency, correlates, and subsequent recovery . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 58 : 538 – 547 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Keefe , D. 2002 . Persuasion: Theory and research , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Pietrzak , R. H. , Johnson , D. C. , Goldstein , M. B. , Malley , J. C. and Southwick , S. M. 2009 . Perceived stigma and barriers to mental health care utilization among OEF-OIF veterans . Psychiatric Services , 60 : 1118 – 1122 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porpitakpan , C. 2004 . The persuasiveness of source credibility: A critical review of five decades' evidence . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 34 : 243 – 281 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds , G. and Lehman , W. 2003 . Levels of substance use and willingness to use the employee assistance program . Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research , 30 : 238 – 248 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stecker , T. , Fortney , J. , Hamilton , F. and Azjen , I. 2007 . An assessment of beliefs about mental health care among veterans who served in Iraq . Psychiatric Services , 58 : 1358 – 1361 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroman , C. A. 2005 . Disseminating HIV/AIDS information to African Americans . Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved , 16 ( 4 ) : 24 – 37 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanielian, T., & Jaycox, L. (2008) Invisible wounds of war: Psychological and cognitive injuries, their consequences, and services to assist recovery. http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2008/RAND_MG720.pdf (http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2008/RAND_MG720.pdf)
   Google Scholar
• Ullman , S. and Brecklin , L. 2002 . Sexual assault history, PTSD, and mental health service seeking in a national sample of women . Journal of Community Psychology , 30 : 261 – 279 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogel , D. L. , Wade , N. G. , Wester , S. R. , Larson , L. and Hackler , A. H. 2007 . Seeking help from a mental health professional: The influence of one's social network . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 63 : 233 – 345 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Army Medical Department Army Behavioral Health (n.d.). COS general information. http://www.behavioralhealth.army.mil/provider/general.html (http://www.behavioralhealth.army.mil/provider/general.html)
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (2008a). The relationship between PTSD and suicide. http://www.mentalhealth.va.gov/ptsd/alert.asp (http://www.mentalhealth.va.gov/ptsd/alert.asp)
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (2008b). What is post traumatic stress disorder? http://www.ncptsd.va.gov/ncmain/ncdocs/fact_shts/fs_what_is_ptsd.html (http://www.ncptsd.va.gov/ncmain/ncdocs/fact_shts/fs_what_is_ptsd.html)
   Google Scholar
• Vanden Brook, T. (2008, November 28). General's story puts focus on stress stemming from combat. USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/news/military/2008-11-24-general_N.htm (http://www.usatoday.com/news/military/2008-11-24-general_N.htm)
   Google Scholar
• Velicer , W. F. , Prochaska , J. O. and Bellis , J. M. 1993 . An expert system intervention for smoking cessation . Addictive Behaviors , 18 : 269 – 290 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yep , G. A. 1992 . Communicating the HIV/AIDS risk to Hispanic populations: A review and integration . Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences , 14 : 403 – 420 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar