“You Never Forget Your First Mistake”: Nursing Socialization, Memorable Messages, and Communication About Medical Errors

REFERENCES

• Allman, J. (1998). Bearing the burden or baring the soul: Physicians’ self-disclosure and boundary management regarding medical mistakes. Health Communication, 10, 175–197. doi:10.1207/s15327027hc1002_4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barge, K. J., & Schlueter, D. W. (2004). Memorable messages and newcomer socialization. Western Journal of Communication, 68, 233–256. doi:10.1080/10570310409374800
   Google Scholar
• Beagan, B. L. (2001). “Even if I don’t know what I’m doing I can make it look like I know what I’m doing”: Becoming a doctor in the 1990s. The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 38, 275–292.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Becker, H. S., Geer, B., Hughes, E. C., & Strauss, A. L. (1961). Boys in white: Student culture in medical school. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Berens, M. J. (2000, September 10). Nurses’ mistakes cause thousands of deaths. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved from http://www.chicagotribune.com
   Google Scholar
• Brown, M., Frost, R., Ko, Y., & Woosely, R. (2006). Diagramming patients’ views of root causes of adverse drug events in ambulatory care: An online tool for planning education and research. Patient Education and Counseling, 62, 302–315. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2006.02.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler Ellis, J., & Smith, S. W. (2004). Memorable messages as guides to self-assessment of behavior: A replication and extension diary study. Communication Monographs, 71, 97–119. doi:10.1080/03634520410001691456
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmack, H. J. (2010). Bearing witness to the ethics of practice: Storying physicians’ medical mistake narratives. Health Communication, 25, 449–458. doi:10.1080/10410236.2010.484876
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalmers, R., Adler, D. S., Haddad, A. M., Hoffman, S., Johnson, K. A., & Woodward, J. M. B. (1995). The essential linkage of professional socialization and pharmaceutical care. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 59, 85–90. doi: aj590185.pdf
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheney, G., Christensen, L. T., Zorn, T. E., & Ganesh, S. (2003). Organizational communication in an age of globalization: Issues, reflections, and practices. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, M. R. (2007). Causes of medication errors. In M. R. Cohen (Ed.), Medication errors (pp. 55–66). Washington, DC: American Pharmacist Association.
   Google Scholar
• Fedor, D. B., Buckley, M. R., & Davis, W. D. (1997). A model of the effects of realistic job previews. International Journal of Management, 14, 211–221. Retrieved from http://www.internationaljournalofmanagement.co.uk/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Feldman, D. C. (1976). A contingency theory of socialization. Administrative Science Quarterly, 21, 433–452. Retrieved from http://asq.sagepub.com
   Google Scholar
• Flynn, S. P., & Hekelman, F. P. (1993). Reality shock: A case study in the socialization of new residents. Family Medicine, 25, 653–655.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ford, L. A., & Ellis, B. H. (1998). A preliminary analysis of memorable support and nonsupport messages received by nurses in acute care settings. Health Communication, 10, 37–63. doi:10.1207/s153271001_3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frankel, R. M., & Beckman, H. B. (1989). Conversation and compliance with treatment recommendations: An application of micro-interactional analysis in medicine. In L. Grossberg, B. J. O’Keefe, & E. Wartella (Eds.), Rethinking communication: Paradigm exemplars 2 (pp. 60–74). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Gandhi, T. K., Weingart, S. N., Borus, J., Seger, A. C., Peterson, J., Burdick, E., … Bates, D. W. (2003). Adverse drug events in ambulatory care. New England Journal of Medicine, 348, 1556–1564. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa020703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (1967). Discovery of grounded theory. Chicago, IL: Aldine.
   Google Scholar
• Hannawa, A. F. (2009). Negotiating medical virtues: Toward the development of a physician mistake disclosure model. Health Communication, 24, 391–399. doi:10.1080/10410230903023279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harter, L. M., & Krone, K. J. (2001). Exploring emergent identities of future physicians: Towards an understanding of the ideological socialization of osteopathic medical students. Southern Communication Journal, 67, 66–83. doi:10.1080/10417940109373219
   Google Scholar
• Henneman, E., Gawlinski, A., Blank, F., Henneman, P., Jordan, D., & McKenzie, J. (2010). Strategies used by critical care nurses to identify, interrupt, and correct medical errors. American Journal of Critical Care, 19, 500–509. doi:10.4037/ajcc2010167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heyl, B. (2001). Ethnographic interviewing. In P. Atkinson, A. Coffey, S. Delamont, J. Lofland, & L. Lofland (Eds.), Handbook of ethnography (pp. 369–382). London, UK: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Holladay, S. J. (2002). “Have fun while you can,” “You’re only as old as you feel,” and “Don’t ever get old!”: An examination of memorable messages about aging. Journal of Communication, 52, 681–697. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02568.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine. (2003). Keeping patients safe: Transforming the work environment of nurses. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jablin, F. M. (1982). Organizational communication: An assimilation approach. In M. E. Roloff & C. R. Berger (Eds.), Social cognition and communication (pp. 255–286). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Jablin, F. M. (2001). Organizational entry, assimilation, and disengagement/exit. In F. M. Jablin & L. L. Putnam (Eds.), The new handbook of organizational communication: Advances in theory, research, and methods (pp. 732–818). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, M. S., Latif, D. A., & Gordon, B. (2002). Medication error instruction in schools of pharmacy curricula: A descriptive study. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 66, 364–371. doi:aj660403.pdf
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. (2011). National patient safety goals. Retrieved from http://www.jointcommission.org/PatientSafety
   Google Scholar
• Knapp, M. L., Stohl, C., & Reardon, K. (1981). Memorable messages. Journal of Communication, 32(4), 27–42. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1981.tb00448.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knowlton, C. H., & Penna, R. P. (1996). The pharmacist and pharmaceutical care. In C. H. Knowlton & R. P. Penna (Eds.), Pharmaceutical care (pp. 243–256). New York, NY: Chapman & Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Kohn, L. T., Corrigen, J. M., & Donaldson, M. S. (Eds.). (1999). To err is human: Building a safer health system. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, Committee on Quality of Health Care in America.
   Google Scholar
• Krautscheid, L. (2008). Improving communication among healthcare providers: Preparing student nurses for practice. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 5, 1–15. Retrieved from http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnes.2008.5.1/issue-files/ijnes.2008.5.issue-1.xml
   Google Scholar
• Levinson, D. (1967). Medical education and the theory of adult socialization. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 8, 253–265. Retrieved from http://hsb.sagepub.com
   Google Scholar
• Lindlof, T. R., & Taylor, B. C. (2010). Qualitative communication research methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Louis, M. R. (1980). Surprise and sense making: What newcomers experience in entering unfamiliar organizational settings. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25, 226–251. doi:0001-8392/80/2502-0226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, R. J., Fulton, J. P., & Wessen, A. F. (1978). Physician career outcomes and the process of medical education. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 19, 124–138. Retrieved from http://hsb.sagepub.com
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. A. (1988). Links between work experiences and organizational commitment during the first years of employment: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 61, 195–209. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1988.tb00284.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, V. D. (1996). An experimental study of newcomers’ information-seeking behaviors during organizational entry. Communication Studies, 47, 1–24. doi:10.1080/10510979609368460
   Google Scholar
• Miller, V. D., & Jablin, F. M. (1991). Information-seeking during organizational entry: Influences, tactics, and a model of the process. Academy of Management Review, 16, 92–120. Retrieved from http://aom.org/amr
   Google Scholar
• Mizrahi, T. (1984). Managing medical mistakes: Ideology, insularity and accountability among internists-in-training. Social Science and Medicine, 19, 135–146. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(84)90280-6
   Google Scholar
• Noland, C. (2014). Baccalaureate nursing students accounts of medical mistakes made in the clinical setting: Implications for curricula. Journal of Nursing Education, 53, S34–S37. doi:10.3928/01484834-20140211-04
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noland, C., & Carl, W. J. (2006). “It’s not our ass”: Medical resident sense-making regarding lawsuits. Health Communication, 20, 81–91. doi:10.1207/s15327027hc2001_8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noland, C., & Rickles, N. (2009). Reflection and analysis of how pharmacy interns learn to communicate about medication errors. Health Communication, 24, 1–10. doi:10.1080/10410230902889399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owen, W. F. (1984). Interpretive themes in relational communication. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 70, 274–287. doi:10.1080/00335638409383697
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patak, L., Wilson-Stronks, A., Costello, J., Kleinpell, R., Henneman, E., Person, C., & Happ, M. (2009). Improving patient–provider communication: A call to action. Journal of Nursing Administration, 39, 372–376. doi:10.1097/NNA.0b013e3181b414ca
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo, T. C. (1998). Organizational and professional identification: A case of newspaper journalists. Management Communication Quarterly, 12, 72–111. doi:10.1177/0893318998121003
   Google Scholar
• Schwirian, P. M., & Facchinetti, N. J. (1975). Professional socialization and disillusionment: The case of pharmacy. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 39, 18–23. Retrieved from http://www.ajpe.org
   Google Scholar
• Smith, S., & Butler Ellis, J. (2001). Memorable messages as guides to self-assessment of behavior: An initial investigation. Communication Monographs, 68, 154–168. doi:10.1080/03637750128058
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, S. W., Butler Ellis, J., & Yoo, H.-J. (2001). Memorable messages as guides to self-assessment of behavior: The role of instrumental values. Communication Monographs, 68, 325–339. doi:10.1080/03637750128072
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stohl, C. (1986). The role of memorable messages in the process of organizational socialization. Communication Quarterly, 34, 231–249. doi:10.1080/01463378609369638
   Google Scholar
• Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Grounded theory methodology: An overview. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Strategies of qualitative inquiry (pp. 158–183). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Tracy, S. J. (2010). Qualitative quality: Eight “big-tent” criteria for excellent qualitative research. Qualitative Inquiry, 16, 837–851. Retrieved from http://qix.sagepub.com
   Google Scholar
• Wilensky, H. L. (1964). The professionalization of everyone? American Journal of Sociology, 70, 137–158. Retrieved from http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/journals/journal/ajs.html
   Google Scholar
• Zavertnik, J., Huff, T., & Munro, C. (2010). Innovative approach to teaching communication skills to nursing students. Journal of Nursing Education, 49, 65–71. doi:10.3928/01484834-20090918-06
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar