707
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Designing Effective Testimonial Pictorial Warning Labels for Tobacco Products

ORCID Icon, , &

References

  • Biener, L., & Abrams, D. B. (1991). The Contemplation Ladder: Validation of a measure of readiness to consider smoking cessation. Health Psychology, 10, 360–365. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.10.5.360
  • Bigman, C. A., Nagler, R. H., & Viswanath, K. (2016). Representation, exemplification, and risk: Resonance of tobacco graphic health warnings across diverse populations. Health Communication, 31, 974–987. doi:10.1080/10410236.2015.1026430
  • Braddock, K., & Dillard, J. P. (2016). Meta-analytic evidence for the persuasive effect of narratives on beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. Communication Monographs, 83, 446–467. doi:10.1080/03637751.2015.1128555
  • Brennan, E., Durkin, S., Cotter, T., Harper, T., & Wakefield, M. (2011). Mass media campaigns designed to support new pictorial health warnings on cigarette packets: Evidence of a complementary relationship. Tobacco Control, 20, 412–418. doi:10.1136/tc.2010.039321
  • Brennan, E., Durkin, S. J., Wakefield, M. A., & Kashima, Y. (2014). Assessing the effectiveness of antismoking television advertisements: Do audience ratings of perceived effectiveness predict changes in quitting intentions and smoking behaviours? Tobacco Control, 23, 412–418. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050949
  • Brennan, E., Maloney, E. K., Ophir, Y., & Cappella, J. N. (2017). Potential effectiveness of pictorial warning labels that feature the images and personal details of real people. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 19, 1138–1148. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntw319
  • Brewer, N. T., Hall, M. G., Lee, J. G. L., Peebles, K., Noar, S. M., & Ribisl, K. M. (2016). Testing warning messages on smokers’ cigarette packages: A standardised protocol. Tobacco Control, 25, 153–159. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051661
  • Brown, K. G., Reidy, J. G., Weighall, A. R., & Arden, M. A. (2013). Graphic imagery is not sufficient for increased attention to cigarette warnings: The role of text captions. Addiction, 108, 820–825. doi:10.1111/add.12008
  • Cameron, L. D., & Williams, B. (2015). Which images and features in graphic cigarette warnings predict their perceived effectiveness? Findings from an online survey of residents in the UK. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 49, 639–649. doi:10.1007/s12160-015-9693-4
  • Canadian Cancer Society. (2016). Cigarette package health warnings: International status report (5th edition) Retrieved 14 June 2018, from http://www.cancer.ca/~/media/cancer.ca/CW/for%20media/Media%20releases/2016/CCS-international-cigarette-packaging-report-2016-English.pdf?la=en
  • Cappella, J. N., Maloney, E., Ophir, Y., & Brennan, E. (2015). Interventions to correct misinformation about tobacco products. Tobacco Regulatory Science, 1, 186–197. doi:10.18001/TRS.1.2.8
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). National Adult Tobacco Survey (NATS) Retrieved 28 October 2016, from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/surveys/nats/
  • Collins, L. M., Kugler, K. C., & Gwadz, M. V. (2016). Optimization of multicomponent behavioral and biobehavioral interventions for the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS. AIDS and Behavior, 20, 197–214. doi:10.1007/s10461-015-1145-4
  • Cox, L. S., Tiffany, S. T., & Christen, A. G. (2001). Evaluation of the brief questionnaire of smoking urges (QSU-brief) in laboratory and clinical settings. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 3, 7–16. doi:10.1080/14622200124218
  • Dunlop, S. M., Cotter, T., & Perez, D. (2014). When your smoking is not just about you: Anti-smoking advertising, interpersonal pressure and quitting outcomes. Journal of Health Communication, 19, 41–56. doi:10.1080/10810730.2013.798375
  • Durkin, S., Biener, L., & Wakefield, M. A. (2009). Effects of different types of antismoking ads on reducing disparities in smoking cessation among socioeconomic subgroups. American Journal of Public Health, 99, 2217–2223. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.161638
  • Durkin, S., Wakefield, M. A., & Spittal, M. J. (2011). Which types of televised anti-tobacco campaigns prompt more quitline calls from disadvantaged groups? Health Education Research, 26, 998–1009. doi:10.1093/her/cyr048
  • Emery, L. F., Romer, D., Sheerin, K. M., Jamieson, K. H., & Peters, E. (2014). Affective and cognitive mediators of the impact of cigarette warning labels. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 16, 263–269. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntt124
  • Evans, A. T., Peters, E., Strasser, A. A., Emery, L. F., Sheerin, K. M., & Romer, D. (2015). Graphic warning labels elicit affective and thoughtful responses from smokers: Results of a randomized clinical trial. PLoS ONE, 10, e0142879. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142879
  • Gendall, P., Eckert, C., Hoek, J., & Louviere, J. (2017). Estimating the effects of novel on-pack warnings on young adult smokers and susceptible non-smokers. Tobacco Control, Published Online First. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053719
  • Gibson, L., Brennan, E., Momjian, A., Shapiro-Luft, D., Seitz, H., & Cappella, J. N. (2015). Assessing the consequences of implementing graphic warning labels on cigarette packs for tobacco-related health disparities. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 17, 898–907. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntv082
  • Goodman, E. P. (2014). Visual gut punch: Persuasion, emotion and the constitutional meaning of graphic disclosure. Cornell Law Review, 99, 513–569.
  • Green, M. C., & Brock, T. C. (2000). The role of transportation in the persuasiveness of public narratives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 701–721. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.79.5.701
  • Hammond, D., & Reid, J. L. (2012). Health warnings on tobacco products: International practices. Salud Publica De Mexico, 54, 270–280.
  • Hammond, D., Thrasher, J., Reid, J. L., Driezen, P., Boudreau, C., & Santillan, E. A. (2012). Perceived effectiveness of pictorial health warnings among Mexican youth and adults: A population-level intervention with potential to reduce tobacco-related inequities. Cancer Causes & Control, 23(Suppl 1), 57–67. doi:10.1007/s10552-012-9902-4
  • Hammond, D., Wakefield, M., Durkin, S., & Brennan, E. (2013). Tobacco packaging and mass-media campaigns: Research needs for Articles 11 and 12 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 15, 817–831. doi:10.1093/ntr/nts202
  • Hassan, L. M., & Shiu, E. (2018). A systematic review of the efficacy of alcohol warning labels: Insights from qualitative and quantitative research in the new millennium. Journal of Social Marketing, Published Online First. doi:10.1108/JSOCM-03-2017-0020
  • Heatherton, T. F., Kozlowski, L. T., Frecker, R. C., & Fagerström, K. (1991). The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: A revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. British Journal of Addiction, 86, 1119–1127.
  • Hitchman, S. C., Driezen, P., Logel, C., Hammond, D., & Fong, G. T. (2014). Changes in effectiveness of cigarette health warnings over time in Canada and the United States, 2002–2011. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 16, 536–543. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntt196
  • Huang, L.-L., Thrasher, J. F., Reid, J. L., & Hammond, D. (2016). Predictive and external validity of a pre-market study to determine the most effective pictorial health warning label content for cigarette packages. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 18, 1376–1381. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntv184
  • Survey Sampling International. (2016). Consumer online panel. Retrieved 28 October 2016, from https://www.surveysampling.com/audiences/consumer-online/
  • Kim, H. S., Bigman, C. A., Leader, A. E., Lerman, C., & Cappella, J. N. (2012). Narrative health communication and behavior change: The influence of exemplars in the news on intention to quit smoking. Journal of Communication, 62, 473–492. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01644.x
  • Kim, M., Shi, R., & Cappella, J. N. (2016). Effect of character–audience similarity on the perceived effectiveness of antismoking PSAs via engagement. Health Communication, 31, 1193–1204. doi:10.1080/10410236.2015.1048421
  • Kraemer, J. D., & Baig, S. A. (2013). Analysis of legal and scientific issues in court challenges to graphic tobacco warnings. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 45, 334–342. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.05.004
  • Kreuter, M. W., Green, M. C., Cappella, J., Slater, M. D., Wise, M. E., Storey, D., … Woolley, S. (2007). Narrative communication in cancer prevention and control: A framework to guide research and application. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 33, 221–235. doi:10.1080/08836610701357922
  • Lewandowsky, S., Ecker, U. K. H., Seifert, C. M., Schwarz, N., & Cook, J. A. (2012). Misinformation and its correction: Continued influence and successful debiasing. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 13, 106–131. doi:10.1177/1529100612451018
  • Li, L., Borland, R., Fong, G. T., Jiang, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, L., … Thrasher, J. F. (2015). Smoking-related thoughts and microbehaviours, and their predictive power for quitting: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) China Survey. Tobacco Control, 24, 354–361. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051384
  • Li, L., Borland, R., Yong, H., Cummings, K. M., Thrasher, J. F., Hitchman, S. C., … Bansal-Travers, M. (2015). Longer term impact of cigarette package warnings in Australia compared with the United Kingdom and Canada. Health Education Research, 30, 67–80. doi:10.1093/her/cyu074
  • Lochbuehler, K., Mercincavage, M., Tang, K. Z., Tomlin, C. D., Cappella, J. N., & Strasser, A. A. (2018). Effect of message congruency on attention and recall in pictorial health warning labels. Tobacco Control, 27, 266–271. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053615
  • Maloney, E. K., & Cappella, J. N. (2016). Does vaping in e-cigarette advertisements affect tobacco smoking urge, intentions, and perceptions in daily, intermittent, and former smokers? Health Communication, 31, 129–138. doi:10.1080/10410236.2014.993496
  • McAfee, T., Davis, K. C., Alexander, R. L., Pechacek, T. F., & Bunnell, R. (2013). Effect of the first federally funded US antismoking national media campaign. The Lancet, 382, 2003–2011. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61686-4
  • McAfee, T., Davis, K. C., Shafer, P., Patel, D., Alexander, R., & Bunnell, R. (2017). Increasing the dose of television advertising in a national antismoking media campaign: Results from a randomised field trial. Tobacco Control, 26, 19–28. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052517
  • Moyer-Gusé, E. (2008). Toward a theory of entertainment persuasion: Explaining the persuasive effects of entertainment-education messages. Communication Theory, 18, 407–425. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2008.00328.x
  • Mutti, S., Reid, J. L., Gupta, P. C., Pednekar, M. S., Dhumal, G., Nargis, N., … Hammond, D. (2016). Perceived effectiveness of text and pictorial health warnings for smokeless tobacco packages in Navi Mumbai, India, and Dhaka, Bangladesh: Findings from an experimental study. Tobacco Control, 25, 437–443. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052315
  • Noar, S. M., Cappella, J. N., & Price, S. (2017). Communication regulatory science: Mapping a new field. Health Communication, Published online first. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2017.1407231
  • Noar, S. M., Francis, D. B., Bridges, C., Sontag, J. M., Brewer, N. T., & Ribisl, K. M. (2017). Effects of strengthening cigarette pack warnings on attention and message processing: A systematic review. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 94, 416–442. doi:10.1177/1077699016674188
  • Noar, S. M., Francis, D. B., Bridges, C., Sontag, J. M., Ribisl, K. M., & Brewer, N. T. (2016). The impact of strengthening cigarette pack warnings: Systematic review of longitudinal observational studies. Social Science & Medicine, 164, 118–129. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.06.011
  • Noar, S. M., Hall, M. G., Francis, D. B., Ribisl, K. M., Pepper, J. K., & Brewer, N. T. (2016). Pictorial cigarette pack warnings: A meta-analysis of experimental studies. Tobacco Control, 25, 341–354. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051978
  • Nonnemaker, J. M., Choiniere, C. J., Farrelly, M. C., Kamyab, K., & Davis, K. C. (2015). Reactions to graphic health warnings in the United States. Health Education Research, 30, 46–56. doi:10.1093/her/cyu036
  • Ophir, Y., Brennan, E., Maloney, E. K., & Cappella, J. N. (2017). The effects of graphic warning labels’ vividness on message engagement and intentions to quit smoking. Communication Research, Published online first. doi: 10.1177/0093650217700226.
  • Peters, E., Evans, A. T., Hemmerich, N., & Berman, M. (2016). Emotion in the law and the lab: The case of graphic cigarette warnings. Tobacco Regulatory Science, 2, 404–413. doi:10.18001/trs.2.4.10
  • Shen, F., Sheer, V. C., & Li, R. (2015). Impact of narratives on persuasion in health communication: A meta-analysis. Journal of Advertising, 44, 105–113. doi:10.1080/00913367.2015.1018467
  • Strasser, A. A., Tang, K. Z., Romer, D., Jepson, C., & Cappella, J. N. (2012). Graphic warning labels in cigarette advertisements: Recall and viewing patterns. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 43, 41–47. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.02.026
  • Thrasher, J. F., Anshari, D., Lambert-Jessup, V., Islam, F., Mead, E., Popova, L., … Lindblom, E. N. (2018). Assessing smoking cessation messages with a discrete choice experiment. Tobacco Regulatory Science, 4, 73–87. doi:10.18001/trs.4.2.7
  • Thrasher, J. F., Arillo-Santillan, E., Villalobos, V., Perez-Hernandez, R., Hammond, D., Carter, J., & Regalado-Pineda, J. (2012). Can pictorial warning labels on cigarette packages address smoking-related health disparities? Field experiments in Mexico to assess pictorial warning label content. Cancer Causes & Control, 23(Suppl 1), 69–80. doi:10.1007/s10552-012-9899-8
  • Thrasher, J. F., Brewer, N. T., Niederdeppe, J., Peters, E., Strasser, A. A., Grana, R., & Kaufman, A. R. (2018). Advancing tobacco product warning labels research methods and theory: A summary of a grantee meeting held by the US National Cancer Institute. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Published online first. doi: 10.1093/ntr/nty017
  • Thrasher, J. F., Carpenter, M. J., Andrews, J. O., Gray, K. M., Alberg, A. J., Navarro, A., … Cummings, K. M. (2012). Cigarette warning label policy alternatives and smoking-related health disparities. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 43, 590–600. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.08.025
  • Thrasher, J. F., Murukutla, N., Pérez-Hernández, R., Alday, J., Arillo-Santillán, E., Cedillo, C., & Gutierrez, J. P. (2013). Linking mass media campaigns to pictorial warning labels on cigarette packages: A cross-sectional study to evaluate effects among Mexican smokers. Tobacco Control, 22, e57–e65. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050282
  • Thrasher, J. F., Swayampakala, K., Borland, R., Nagelhout, G., Yong, -H.-H., Hammond, D., & Hardin, J. (2016). Influences of self-efficacy, response efficacy, and reactance on responses to cigarette health warnings: A longitudinal study of adult smokers in Australia and Canada. Health Communication, 31, 1517–1526. doi:10.1080/10410236.2015.1089456
  • United States Public Laws. (2009). Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act. Public Law 111–31 [H.R. 1256].
  • Wang, A.-L., Lowen, S. B., Romer, D., Giorno, M., & Langleben, D. D. (2015). Emotional reaction facilitates the brain and behavioural impact of graphic cigarette warning labels in smokers. Tobacco Control, 24, 225–232. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051993
  • World Health Organization. (2011). WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Guidelines for implementation Article 5.3; Article 8; Articles 9 and 10; Article 11; Article 12; Article 13; Article 14. Retrieved 14 June 2018, from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/80510/1/9789241505185_eng.pdf
  • Yong, H. H., Borland, R., Thrasher, J. F., Thompson, M. E., Nagelhout, G. E., Fong, G. T., & Hammond, D. (2014). Mediational pathways of the impact of cigarette warning labels on quit attempts. Health Psychology, 33, 1410–1420. doi:10.1037/hea0000056

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.