References
- Atanasova, D., & Koteyko, N. (2017). Metaphors in Guardian Online and Mail Online opinion-page content on climate change: War, religion, and politics. Environmental Communication, 11(4), 452–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2015.1024705
- Cameron, L. (2003). Metaphor in educational discourse. Continuum.
- Cameron, L., & Stelma, J. H. (2004). Metaphor clusters in discourse. Journal of Applied Linguistics, 1(2), 107–136. https://doi.org/10.1558/japl.2004.1.2.107
- Charteris-Black, J. (2017). Fire metaphors: Discourses of awe and authority. Bloomsbury.
- Citron, F. M., & Goldberg, A. E. (2014). Metaphorical sentences are more emotionally engaging than their literal counterparts. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 26(11), 2585–2595. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00654
- Clarke, R. (2020, May 30). “This man knows he’s dying as surely as I do:” A doctor’s dispatches from the NHS frontline. The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/may/30/this-man-knows-hes-dying-as-surely-as-i-do-a-doctors-dispatches-from-intensive-care
- Costa, P. (2020, March 28). Emergenza coronavirus: Non soldati, ma pompieri Settimana News http://www.settimananews.it/societa/emergenza-coronavirus-non-soldati-ma-pompieri/
- Cué, C. E. (2020, March 22). Sánchez advierte de que llega la “ola más dura”y pide fortaleza y unidad. El País https://elpais.com/espana/2020-03-21/sanchez-advierte-de-que-llega-la-ola-mas-duray-pide-fortaleza-y-unidad.html
- Demjén, Z., & Semino, E. (2017). Using metaphor in healthcare: Physical health. In E. Semino & Z. Demjén (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of metaphor and language (pp. 385–399). Routledge.
- Demjén, Z., & Semino, E. (2020). Communicating nuanced results in language consultancy: The case of cancer and the Violence metaphor. In L. Mullany (Ed.), Professional communication: Consultancy, advocacy, activism (pp. 191–210). Palgrave.
- Flusberg, S. J., Matlock, T., & Thibodeau, P. H. (2018). War metaphors in public discourse. Metaphor and Symbol, 33(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2018.1407992
- Flusberg, S. J., Matlock, T., & Thibodeau, P. H. (2017). Metaphors for the War (or Race) against climate change. Environmental Communication, 11(6), 769–783. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2017.1289111
- Ghebreyesus, T. A. (2020). WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19-23 March 2020; https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19—23-march-2020)
- Gibbs, R. W., Jr. (2017). Metaphor wars: Conceptual metaphors in human life. Cambridge University Press.
- Grady, J. (1997). Foundations of meaning: Primary metaphors and primary scenes [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of California at Berkeley.
- Grady, J. (2017). Using metaphor to influence public perceptions and policy: How metaphors can save the world. In E. Semino & Z. Demjén (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of metaphor and language (pp. 343–354). Routledge.
- Hamill, J. (2020, May 21). Coronavirus: Millions could be left with health complications and a vaccine may never be found, scientist warns. The Herald https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/18467082.coronavirus-millions-left-health-complications-vaccine-may-never-found-scientist-warns/
- Hart, C. (2017). “Riots engulfed the city”: An experimental study investigating the legitimating effects of fire metaphors in discourses of disorder. Discourse & Society, 29(3), 279–298. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926517734663
- Hauser, D. J., & Schwarz, N. (2015). The war on prevention: Bellicose cancer metaphors hurt (some) prevention intentions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(1), 66–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167214557006
- Hauser, D. J., & Schwarz, N. (2020). The war on prevention II: Battle metaphors undermine cancer treatment and prevention and do not increase vigilance. Health Communication, 35(13), 1698–1704. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2019.1663465
- Hendricks, R. K., Demjén, Z., Semino, E., & Boroditsky, L. (2018). Emotional implications of metaphor: Consequences of metaphor framing for mindset about cancer. Metaphor & Symbol, 33(4), 267–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2018.1549835
- Hobbes, T. ([1661] (1996)). Leviathan (R. Tuck, ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- Isakstuen, M. (2020, April 24) Ropingen min trengs ikke mer. Morgenbladet https://morgenbladet.no/ideer/2020/04/ropingen-min-trengs-ikke-mer
- Johnson, B. (2020a). Prime Minister’s statement on coronavirus (COVID-19): 17 March 2020 https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pm-statement-on-coronavirus-17-march-2020
- Johnson, B. (2020b). Prime Minister’s keynote speech at the 2020 Conservative Party Conference https://www.conservatives.com/news/boris-johnson-read-the-prime-ministers-keynote-speech-in-full
- Kiewit, L., & Smit, S. (2020, June 4). Virus spreads like fire in the Cape. Mail & Guardian https://mg.co.za/news/2020-06-04-virus-spreads-like-fire-in-the-cape/
- Kövecses, Z. (2000). Metaphor and emotion: Language, culture, and body in human feeling. Cambridge University Press.
- Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. University of Chicago Press.
- Landau, M. J., Arndt, J., & Cameron, L. D. (2018). Do metaphors in health messages work? Exploring emotional and cognitive factors. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 74(2018), 135–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2017.09.006
- Landau, M. J., & Keefer, L. A. (2014). This is like that: Metaphors in public discourse shape attitudes. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 8(8), 463–473. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12125
- Locke, J. ([1690] (1979)). An essay concerning human understanding (P. H. Nidditch, ed). Oxford University Press.
- Musolff, A. (2010). Metaphor, nation and the Holocaust. Routledge.
- Nerlich, B. (2020, September 18) Metaphors and realities: Coronavirus and climate change. https://blogs.nottingham.ac.uk/makingsciencepublic/2020/09/18/metaphors-and-realities-coronavirus-and-climate-change/
- Olza, I., Koller, V., Ibarretxe-Antuñano, I., Pérez-Sobrino, P., & Semino, E. (in press). The #ReframeCovid initiative: From Twitter to society via metaphor. Metaphor and the Social World.
- Pérez-Sobrino, P., Semino, E., Ibarretxe-Antuñano, I., Koller, V., & Olza, I. (in press). Acting like a hedgehog in times of pandemic: Metaphorical creativity in the #ReframeCovid collection. Metaphor and Symbol.
- Powell, M. (2020, April 28) Rhode Island pushes aggressive testing, a move that could ease reopening. New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/28/us/coronavirus-rhode-island.html
- Pragglejaz Group. (2007). MIP: A method for identifying metaphorically used words in discourse. Metaphor and Symbol, 22(1), 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926480709336752
- Ribeiro, B., Hartley, S., Nerlich, B., & Jaspal, R. (2018). Media coverage of the Zika crisis in Brazil: The construction of a “war” frame that masked social and gender inequalities. Social Science & Medicine, 200(March2018), 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.01.023
- Ronge, J., & Eriksson, C.-F. (2020, March 10). Löfven om coronaviruset: ”Ett maratonlopp”. Expressen https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/lofven-om-coronaviruset-ett-maratonlopp/
- Sample, I. (2020, October 7). Why herd immunity strategy is regarded as fringe viewpoint. The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/07/why-herd-immunity-strategy-is-regarded-as-fringe-viewpoint
- Sanderson, B., & Meade, D. (2020, May 5). We are not at “war” with coronavirus. Ecologist. https://theecologist.org/2020/may/05/we-are-not-war-coronavirus
- Scherer, A. M., Scherer, L. D., & Fagerlin, A. (2015). Getting ahead of illness. Medical Decision Making, 35(1), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X14522547
- Semino, E. (2020, July 1) “A fire raging”: Why fire metaphors work well for Covid-19. http://cass.lancs.ac.uk/a-fire-raging-why-fire-metaphors-work-well-for-covid-19/.
- Semino, E., Demjén, Z., & Demmen, J. (2018a). An integrated approach to metaphor and framing in cognition, discourse and practice, with an application to metaphors for cancer. Applied Linguistics, 39(5), 625–645. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amw028
- Semino, E., Demjén, Z., Demmen, J., Koller, V., Payne, S., Hardie, A., & Rayson, P. (2017). The online use of Violence and Journey metaphors by patients with cancer, as compared with health professionals: A mixed methods study. BMJ Supportive and Palliative Care, 7(1), 60–66. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2014-000785
- Semino, E., Demjén, Z., Hardie, A., Rayson, P., & Payne, S. (2018b). Metaphor, cancer and the end of life: A corpus-based study. Routledge.
- Sims, J. (2020, August 8). COVID-19 adds new dangers to border-crossing float down from U.S. to Sarnia. The London Free Press. https://lfpress.com/opinion/columnists/column-covid-19-adds-new-dangers-to-ill-advised-and-sometimes-deadly-port-huron-float-down
- Sontag, S. (1979). Illness as metaphor. Allen Lane.
- Steen, G. J., Dorst, A. G., Herrmann, B. J., Kaal, A. A., Krennmayr, T., & Pasma, T. (2010). A method for linguistic metaphor identification: From MIP to MIPVU. John Benjamins.
- Tamkin, E. (2020, April 1). Using military language to discuss coronavirus is dangerous and irresponsible – The US must stop. New Statesman https://www.newstatesman.com/world/north-america/2020/04/using-military-language-discuss-coronavirus-dangerous-and-irresponsible
- Tay, D. (2017). Using metaphor in healthcare: Mental health. In E. Semino & Z. Demjén (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of metaphor and language (pp. 371–384). Routledge.
- Thibodeau, P. H., & Boroditsky, L. (2011). Metaphors we think with: The role of metaphor in reasoning. PloS One, 6(2), e16782. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016782
- Thibodeau, P. H., & Boroditsky, L. (2013). Natural language metaphors covertly influence reasoning. PLoS One, 8(1), e52961. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052961
- Thibodeau, P. H., Hendricks, R. K., & Boroditsky, L. (2017). How linguistic metaphor scaffolds reasoning. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 21(11), 852–863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2017.07.001
- Travassos, M. A., Foppiano Palacios, C., & Openshaw, J. J. (2020, July 25). Government Putting Immigrant Detainees at COVID-19 Risk. Medpage Today. https://www.medpagetoday.com/infectiousdisease/covid19/87737
- Triggle, N. (2020, April 3) Coronavirus: Is the NHS ready for the surge in cases? https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-51714498
- Tufecki, Z., Howard, J., & Greenhalgh, T. (2020, April 22). The real reason to wear a mask. The Atlantic https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/04/dont-wear-mask-yourself/610336/
- Wicke, P., & Bolognesi, M. (2020). Framing COVID-19: How we conceptualize and discuss the pandemic on Twitter. PloS One, 15(9), e0240010. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240010
- Wilson, F. P. (2020, March 31). COVID-19 death predictions: What do we need to know? Medscape https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/927791