Prevalence and Potential Consequences of Exposure to Conflicting Information about Mammography: Results from Nationally-Representative Survey of U.S. Adults

References

• Abelson, J., Tripp, L., Brouwers, M. C., Pond, G., & Sussman, J. (2018). Uncertain times: A survey of Canadian women’s perspectives toward mammography screening. Preventive Medicine, 112, 209–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.04.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ANHCS. (2013). Annenberg National Health Communication Survey (ANHCS) 2005-2012 dataset. http://anhcs.asc.upenn.edu.
   Google Scholar
• Cacioppo, J. T., von Hippel, W., & Ernst, J. M. (1997). Mapping cognitive structures and processes through verbal content: The thought-listing technique. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(6), 928–940. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006x.65.6.928
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpenter, D. M., Elstad, E. A., Blalock, S. J., & DeVellis, R. F. (2014). Conflicting medication information: Prevalence, sources, and relationship to medication adherence. Journal of Health Communication, 19(1), 67–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2013.798380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpenter, D. M., Geryk, L. L., Chen, A. T., Nagler, R. H., Dieckmann, N. F., & Han, P. K. (2016). Conflicting health information: A critical research need. Health Expectations, 19(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.12438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020). What is breast cancer screening? https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/basic_info/screening.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Chang, C. (2015). Motivated processing: How people perceive news covering novel or contradictory health research findings. Science Communication, 37(5), 602–634. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547015597914
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chong, D. (2019). Competitive framing in political decision making. Oxford research encyclopedia of politics. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.964
   Google Scholar
• Clark, D., Nagler, R. H., & Niederdeppe, J. (2019). Confusion and nutritional backlash from news media exposure to contradictory information about carbohydrates and dietary fats. Public Health Nutrition, 22(18), 3336–3348. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980019002866
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeAngelis, C. D., & Fontanarosa, P. B. (2010). US preventive services task force and breast cancer screening. Journal of the American Medical Association, 303(2), 172–173. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.1990
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixon, G. N., & Clarke, C. E. (2012). Heightening uncertainty around certain science: Media coverage, false balance, and the autism-vaccine controversy. Science Communication, 35(3), 358–382. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547012458290
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellsberg, D. (1961). Risk, ambiguity, and the savage axioms. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 75(4), 643–669. https://doi.org/10.2307/1884324
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eveland, W. P., Hutchens, M. J., & Shen, F. (2009). Exposure, attention, or “use” of news? Assessing aspects of the reliability and validity of a central concept in political communication research. Communication Methods and Measures, 3(4), 223–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312450903378925
   Google Scholar
• Gans, H. J. (1979). Deciding what’s news. Northwestern University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gerber, A. S., Patashnik, E. M., Doherty, D., & Dowling, C. (2010). A national survey reveals public skepticism about research-based treatment guidelines. Health Affairs, 29(10), 1882–1884. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0185
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gollust, S. E., Nagler, R. H., & Fowler, E. F. (2020). The emergence of COVID-19 in the U.S.: A public health and political communication crisis. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 45(6), 303–314. https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-8641506
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hämeen-Anttila, K., Nordeng, H., Kokki, E., Jyrkkä, J., Lupattelli, A., Vainio, K., & Enlund, H. (2014). Multiple information sources and consequences of conflicting information about medicine use during pregnancy: A multinational Internet-based survey. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16(2), e2939.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, P. K., Kobrin, S. C., Klein, W. M., Davis, W. W., Stefanek, M., & Taplin, S. H. (2007). Perceived ambiguity about screening mammography recommendations: Association with future mammography uptake and perceptions. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers, and Prevention, 16(3), 458–466. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, P. K., Moser, R. P., & Klein, W. M. (2007). Perceived ambiguity about cancer prevention recommendations: Associations with cancer-related perceptions and behaviours in a US population survey. Health Expectations, 10(4), 321–336. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-7625.2007.00456.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobson, M., & Kadiyala, S. (2017). When guidelines conflict: A case study of mammography screening initiation in the 1990s. Women’s Health Issues : Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health, 27(6), 692–699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2017.08.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen, J. D., Giorgi, E. A., Jackson, J. R., Berger, J., Katz, R. A., & Mobley, A. R. (2020). Revisiting nutrition backlash: Psychometric properties and discriminant validity of the nutrition backlash scale. Nutrition, 78, 110949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2020.110949
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen, J. D., & Hurley, R. J. (2012). Conflicting stories about public scientific controversies: Effects of news convergence and divergence on scientists’ credibility. Public Understanding of Science, 21(6), 689–704. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662510387759
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiviniemi, M. T., & Hay, J. L. (2012). Awareness of the 2009 US preventive services task force recommended changes in mammography screening guidelines, accuracy of awareness, sources of knowledge about recommendations, and attitudes about updated screening guidelines in women ages 40-49 and 50+. BMC Public Health, 12(1), 899. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-899
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lantz, P. M., Evans, W. D., Mead, H., Alvarez, C., & Stewart, L. (2016). Knowledge of and attitudes toward evidence-based guidelines for and against clinical preventive services: Results from a national survey. The Milbank Quarterly, 94(1), 51–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.12181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, C.-J., Nagler, R. H., & Wang, N. (2018). Source-specific exposure to contradictory nutrition information: Documenting prevalence and effects on adverse cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Health Communication, 33(4), 453–461. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2016.1278495
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moran, M. B., Frank, L. B., Zhao, N., Gonzalez, C., Thainiyom, P., Murphy, S. T., & Ball-Rokeach, S. J. (2016). An argument for ecological research and intervention in health communication. Journal of Health Communication, 21(2), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2015.1128021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagler, R. H. (2014). Adverse outcomes associated with media exposure to contradictory nutrition messages. Journal of Health Communication, 19(1), 24–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2013.798384
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagler, R. H. (2017). Measurement of media exposure. In J. Matthes, C. S. Davis, & R. F. Potter, (Eds.), The international encyclopedia of communication research methods (pp. 1–21). Wiley Online Library. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118901731.iecrm0144
   Google Scholar
• Nagler, R. H., & LoRusso, S. M. (2018). Conflicting information and message competition in health and risk messaging. In R. Parrott (Ed.), The Oxford encyclopedia of health and risk message design and processing (pp. 353–372). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.292
   Google Scholar
• Nagler, R. H., Fowler, E. F., & Gollust, S. E. (2017). Women’s awareness and responses to messages about breast cancer overdiagnosis and overtreatment: Results from a 2016 national survey. Medical Care, 55(10), 879–885. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000000798
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagler, R. H., Fowler, E. F., Marino, N. M., Mentzer, K. M., & Gollust, S. E. (2019). The evolution of mammography controversy in the news media: A content analysis of four publicized screening recommendations, 2009 to 2016. Women’s Health Issues : Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health, 29(1), 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2018.09.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagler, R. H., & Hornik, R. C. (2012). Measuring media exposure to contradictory health information: A comparative analysis of four potential measures. Communication Methods and Measures, 6(1), 56–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2011.651348
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nagler, R. H., Vogel, R. I., Gollust, S. E., Rothman, A. J., Fowler, E. F., & Yzer, M. C. (2020). Public perceptions of conflicting information surrounding COVID-19: Results from a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults. PLoS One, 15(10), e0240776. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240776
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagler, R. H., Yzer, M. C., & Rothman, A. J. (2019). Effects of media exposure to conflicting information about mammography: Results from a population-based survey experiment. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 53(10), 896–908. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kay098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Cancer Institute (n.d.). Cancer stat facts: Female breast cancer. Retrieved April 5, 2021, from https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/breast.html.
   Google Scholar
• Niederdeppe, J. (2014). Conceptual, empirical, and practical issues in developing valid measures of public communication campaign exposure. Communication Methods and Measures, 8(2), 138–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2014.903391
   Google Scholar
• Niederdeppe, J., Gollust, S. E., & Barry, C. L. (2014). Inoculation in competitive framing: Examining message effects on policy preferences. Public Opinion Quarterly, 78(3), 634–655. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfu026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson, R. E., Satia, J. A., Kristal, A. R., Neuhouser, M. L., & Drewnowski, A. (2001). Is there a consumer backlash against the diet and health message? Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 101(1), 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00010-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shi, W., Nagler, R. H., Fowler, E. F., & Gollust, S. E. (2021). Predictors of women’s awareness of the benefits and harms of mammography screening and associations with confusion, ambivalence, and information seeking. Health Communication, 36(3), 303–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2019.1687129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Squiers, L. B., Holden, D. J., Dolina, S. E., Kim, A. E., Bann, C. M., & Renaud, J. M. (2011). The public’s response to the US Preventive Services Task Force’s 2009 recommendations on mammography screening. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 40(5), 497–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2010.12.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, A. S., Lee, C. J., & Bigman, C. A. (2015). Public support for selected e-cigarette regulations and associations with overall information exposure and contradictory information exposure about e-cigarettes: Findings from a national survey of U.S. adults. Preventive Medicine, 81, 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.09.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Q., Herbert, N., Yang, S., Alber, J., Ophir, Y., & Cappella, J. N. (2020). The role of information avoidance in managing uncertainty from conflicting recommendations about electronic cigarettes. Communication Monographs, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2020.1809685
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar