857
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Waiting for a Match: Mitigating Reactance in Prosocial Health Behavior Using Psychological Distance

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon

References

  • Aknin, L. B., Van Boven, L., & Johnson-Graham, L. (2015). Abstract construals make the emotional rewards of prosocial behavior more salient. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(5), 458–462. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.967801
  • Balliet, D., & Ferris, D. L. (2013). Ostracism and prosocial behavior: A social dilemma perspective. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 120(2), 298–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2012.04.004
  • Bessarabova, E., Fink, E. L., & Turner, M. (2013). Reactance, restoration, and cognitive structure: Comparative statics. Human Communication Research, 39(3), 339–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12007
  • Bessarabova, E., Miller, C. H., & Russell, J. (2017). A further exploration of the effects of restoration postscripts on reactance. Western Journal of Communication, 81(3), 385–403. https://doi.org/10.1080/10570314.2016.1254815
  • Brehm, J. W. (1966). A theory of psychological reactance. Academic Press.
  • Brehm, S. S., & Brehm, J. W. (1981). Psychological reactance: A theory of freedom and control. Academic Press.
  • Brown, A. R., Finney, S. J., & France, M. K. (2011). Using the bifactor model to assess the dimensionality of the Hong psychological reactance scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 71(1), 170–185. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164410387378
  • Browne, C., & Desmond, D. M. (2008). Intention to consent to living organ donation: An exploratory study. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 13(5), 605–609. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548500701842958
  • Compton, J. (2013). Inoculation theory. In J. P. Dillard & L. Shen (Eds.), The handbook of persuasion: Developments in theory and practice (2nd ed., pp. 220–236). Sage.
  • Center for Organ Recovery & Education. (2021, April). Center for organ recovery & education launches “LiVE: 8” to encourage organ donation awareness. Brochure. https://www.multivu.com/players/English/7253051-center-for-organ-recovery-and-education-launches-live-8/links/7253051-core-preprinted-insert.pdf
  • Clayton, R. B., Lang, A., Leshner, G., & Quick, B. L. (2019). Who fights, who flees? An integration of the LC4MP and psychological reactance theory. Media Psychology, 22(4), 545–571. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2018.1476157
  • Dillard, J. P., & Shen, L. (2005). On the nature of reactance and its role in persuasive health communication. Communication Monographs, 72(2), 144–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637750500111815
  • Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., & Spinrad, T. L. (2006). Prosocial behavior. In W. Damon, R. M. Lerner (Series Eds.), & N. Eisenberg (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (6th ed., pp. 646–718). Wiley.
  • Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (2011). Predicting and changing behavior: The reasoned action approach. Taylor & Francis.
  • Fishbein, M., & Yzer, M. C. (2003). Using theory to design effective health behavior interventions. Communication Theory, 13(2), 164–183. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2003.tb00287.x
  • Gilbert, D. T., & Wilson, T. D. (2000). Miswanting: Some problems in the forecasting of future affective states. In J. P. Forgas (Ed.), Studies in emotion and social interaction, second series. Feeling and thinking: The role of affect in social cognition (pp. 178–197). Cambridge University Press.
  • Guttman, N., Siegal, G., Appel, N., & Bar-On, G. (2016). Should altruism, solidarity, or reciprocity be used as prosocial appeals? Contrasting conceptions of members of the general public and medical professionals regarding promoting organ donation. Journal of Communication, 66(6), 909–936. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12267
  • Health Resources & Services Administration. (2020). Organ donation statistics. The HRSA website. Retrieved December 2020, from https://www.organdonor.gov/statistics-stories/statistics.html
  • Henrich, J., & Henrich, N. (2006). Culture, evolution and the puzzle of human cooperation. Cognitive Systems Research, 7(2–3), 220–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2005.11.010
  • Hong, S. M., & Faedda, S. (1996). Refinement of the Hong psychological reactance scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 56(1), 173–182. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164496056001014
  • Hong, S. M., & Page, S. (1989). A psychological reactance scale: Development, factor structure and reliability. Psychological Reports, 64(3_suppl), 1323–1326. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.3c.1323
  • HRSA. (2021a, April). One donor can save 8 lives. Images [Advertisement]. https://www.organdonor.gov/sites/default/files/awareness/images/01mainemailblasthrsalink.jpg
  • HRSA. (2021b, April). We believe in giving life after life. We are registered organ donors. Join us. Sign up. Believe. [Advertisement]. https://www.organdonor.gov/sites/default/files/awareness/images/138-million-strong-ig-1080x1080.jpg
  • Huang, N., Burtch, G., Hong, Y., & Polman, E. (2016). Effects of multiple psychological distances on construal and consumer evaluation: A field study of online reviews. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 26(4), 474–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2016.03.001
  • Katz, S. J., Byrne, S., & Kent, A. I. (2017). Mitigating the perception of threat to freedom through abstraction and distance. Communication Research, 44(7), 1046–1069. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650216647534
  • Kim, Y., Baek, T. H., Yoon, S., Oh, S., & Choi, Y. K. (2017). Assertive environmental advertising and reactance: Differences between South Koreans and Americans. Journal of Advertising, 46(4), 550–564. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2017.1361878
  • Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). The Guilford Press.
  • LaVail, K. H., Anker, A. E., Reinhart, A., & Feeley, T. H. (2010). The persuasive effects of audiovisual PSAs to promote organ donation: The mediating role of psychological reactance. Communication Studies, 61(1), 46–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510970903400337
  • LaVoie, N. R., Quick, B. L., Riles, J. M., & Lambert, N. J. (2017). Are graphic cigarette warning labels an effective message strategy? A test of psychological reactance theory and source appraisal. Communication Research, 44(3), 416–436. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650215609669
  • Lee, S. J. (2019). The role of construal level in message effects research: A review and future directions. Communication Theory, 29(3), 319–338. https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qty030
  • Lee, S. J. (2020). The effect of temporal frames in anti-smoking messages on the extension of anti-smoking arguments to smokers. Journal of Health Communication, 25(5), 421–429. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2020.1778820
  • Lentine, K. L., Lam, N. N., & Segev, D. L. (2019). Risks of living kidney donation: Current state of knowledge on outcomes important to donors. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 14(4), 597–608. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.11220918
  • Little, T. D. (2013). Longitudinal structural equation modeling. Guilford press.
  • Loewenstein, G., & Thaler, R. H. (1989). Anomalies: Intertemporal choice. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3(4), 181–193. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.3.4.181
  • Loupy, A., Aubert, O., Reese, P. P., Bastien, O., Bayer, F., & Jacquelinet, C. (2020). Organ procurement and transplantation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet, 395(10237), e95–e96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31040-0
  • MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1(2), 130–149. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.1.2.130
  • Merz, E., Van den Hurk, K., & De Kort, W. (2017) Organ donation registration among current blood donors in The Netherlands. Personal, cultural and network determinants. Progress in Transplantation, 27(3), 266–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/1526924817715470
  • Miller, C. H., Lane, L. T., Deatrick, L. M., Young, A. M., & Potts, K. A. (2007). Psychological reactance and promotional health messages: The effects of controlling language, lexical concreteness, and the restoration of freedom. Human Communication Research, 33(2), 219–240. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2007.00297.x
  • Miller, R. L. (1976). Mere exposure, psychological reactance and attitude change. Public Opinion Quarterly, 40(2), 229–233. https://doi.org/10.1086/268290
  • Miron, A. M., & Brehm, J. W. (2006). Reactance theory-40 years later. Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie, 37(1), 9–18. https://doi.org/10.1024/0044-3514.37.1.9
  • Moorlock, G., & Draper, H. (2018). Empathy, social media, and directed altruistic living organ donation. Bioethics, 32(5), 289–297. https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.12438
  • Nan, X. (2007). Social distance, framing, and judgment: A construal level perspective. Human Communication Research, 33(4), 489–514. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2007.00309.x
  • NHS Blood and Transplant. (2021, April). Living organ donation social media graphics. Advertisement. https://www.nhsbt.nhs.uk/how-you-can-help/get-involved/download-digital-materials/living-organ-donation-social-media/
  • NJ Sharing Network. (2021, February). National donor day. Advertisement. https://www.facebook.com/NJSharingNetwork/photos/4981941475180561
  • Paolacci, G., & Chandler, J. (2014). Inside the turk: Understanding Mechanical Turk as a participant pool. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(3), 184–188. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414531598
  • Quick, B. L. (2012). What is the best measure of psychological reactance? An empirical test of two measures. Health Communication, 27(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2011.567446
  • Quick, B. L., Anker, A. E., Feeley, T. H., & Morgan, S. E. (2016). An examination of three theoretical models to explain the organ donation attitude–registration discrepancy among mature adults. Health Communication, 31(3), 265–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2014.947468
  • Quick, B. L., Kam, J. A., Morgan, S. E., Montero Liberona, C. A., & Smith, R. A. (2015a). Prospect theory, discrete emotions, and freedom threats: An extension of psychological reactance theory. Journal of Communication, 65(1), 40–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12134
  • Quick, B. L., & Kim, D. K. (2009). Examining reactance and reactance restoration with South Korean adolescents: A test of psychological reactance within a collectivist culture. Communication Research, 36(6), 765–782. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650290346797
  • Quick, B. L., LaVoie, N. R., Morgan, S. E., & Bosch, D. (2015b). You’ve got mail! An examination of a statewide direct-mail marketing campaign to promote deceased organ donor registrations. Clinical Transplantation, 29(11), 997–1003. https://doi.org/10.1111/ctr.12620
  • Quick, B. L., Scott, A. M., & Ledbetter, A. M. (2011). A close examination of trait reactance and issue involvement as moderators of psychological reactance theory. Journal of Health Communication, 16(6), 660–679. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2011.551989
  • Quick, B. L., Shen, L., & Dillard, J. P. (2013). Reactance theory and persuasion. In J. P. Dillard & L. J. Shen (Eds.), The persuasion handbook: Developments in theory and practice (2nd ed., pp. 167-183). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
  • Rains, S. A. (2013). The nature of psychological reactance revisited: A meta-analytic review. Human Communication Research, 39(1), 47–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2012.01443.x
  • Reynolds-Tylus, T. (2019). Psychological reactance and persuasive health communication: A review of the literature. Frontiers in Communication, 4, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2019.00056
  • Reynolds-Tylus, T., Bigsby, B., & Quick, B. L. (2020). A comparison of three approaches for measuring negative cognitions for psychological reactance. Communication Methods and Measures, 15(1), 43–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2020.1810647
  • Richards, A. S., Banas, J. A., & Magid, Y. (2017). More on inoculating against reactance to persuasive health messages: The paradox of threat. Health Communication, 32(7), 890–902. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2016.1196410
  • Rosseel, Y. (2012). Lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i02
  • Segev, D. L., Muzaale, A. D., Caffo, B. S., Mehta, S. H., Singer, A. L., Taranto, S. E., McBride, M. A., & Montgomery, R. A. (2010). Perioperative mortality and long-term survival following live kidney donation. JAMA, 303(10), 959–966. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.237
  • Septianto, F., & Pratiwi, L. (2016). The moderating role of construal level on the evaluation of emotional appeal vs. cognitive appeal advertisements. Marketing Letters, 27(1), 171–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-014-9324-z
  • Sheeran, P., Norman, P., & Orbell, S. (1999). Evidence that intentions based on attitudes better predict behaviour than intentions based on subjective norms. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29(2–3), 403–406. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0992(199903/05)29:2/3<403::aid-ejsp942>3.0.co;2-a
  • Shen, L. (2014). Antecedents to psychological reactance: The impact of threat, message frame, and choice. Health Communication, 30(10), 975–985. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2014.910882
  • Shen, L., & Dillard, J. P. (2005). Psychometric properties of the Hong psychological reactance scale. Journal of personality assessment,85(1), 74–81. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8501_07
  • Sinclair, H. C., Felmlee, D., Sprecher, S., & Wright, B. L. (2015). Don’t tell me who I can’t love: A multimethod investigation of social network and reactance effects on romantic relationships. Social Psychology Quarterly, 78(1), 77–99. https://doi.org/10.1177/0190272514565253
  • Singh, S., & Teoh, V. Y. (2014). Enhancing prosocial behavior among college students: Exploring the role of abstract mindset. Journal of Law and Social Sciences, 3(2), 154–157. https://doi.org/10.5176/2251-2853_3.2.154
  • Stamolampros, P., & Korfiatis, N. (2018). Exploring the behavioral drivers of review valence: The direct and indirect effects of multiple psychological distances. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(10), 3083–3099. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-04-2017-0239
  • Steindl, C., Jonas, E., Sittenthaler, S., Traut-Mattausch, E., & Greenberg, J. (2015). Understanding psychological reactance. Zeitschrift Für Psychologie, 223(4), 205–214. https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000222
  • Stephan, E., Liberman, N., & Trope, Y. (2011). The effects of time perspective and level of construal on social distance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(2), 397–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.11.001
  • Sukalla, F., Wagner, A. J. M., & Rackow, I. (2017). Dispelling fears and myths of organ donation: How narratives that include information reduce ambivalence and reactance. International Journal of Communication, 11, 5027–5047. http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/6662/2210
  • Trope, Y., & Liberman, N. (2010). Construal-level theory of psychological distance. Psychological Review, 117(2), 440–463. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018963
  • Turner, M. M. (2007). Using emotion in risk communication: The anger activism model. Public Relations Review, 33(2), 114–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2006.11.013
  • Van Boven, L., Kane, J., McGraw, A. P., & Dale, J. (2010). Feeling close: Emotional intensity reduces perceived psychological distance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(6), 872–885. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019262
  • Vargas, P. T., Duff, B. R. L., & Faber, R. J. (2017). A practical guide to experimental advertising research. Journal of Advertising, 46(1), 101–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2017.1281779
  • Wang, X., & Zhao, X. (2018). The mediating role of temporal considerations on the effects of self-affirmation on responses to organ donation messages. Health Communication, 33(2), 148–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2016.1250190
  • Wicklund, R. A. (1974). Freedom and reactance. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Wood, W., & Quinn, J. M. (2003). Forewarned and forearmed? Two meta-analysis syntheses of forewarnings of influence appeals. Psychological Bulletin, 129(1), 119. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.119
  • Yan, D. (2014). Future events are far away: Exploring the distance-on-distance effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106(4), 514–525. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036066
  • Yost, A. B., & Finney, S. J. (2018). Assessing the unidimensionality of trait reactance using a multifaceted model assessment approach. Journal of Personality Assessment, 100(2), 186–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2017.1280044
  • Youn, S., & Kim, S. (2019). Understanding ad avoidance on Facebook: Antecedents and outcomes of psychological reactance. Computers in Human Behavior, 98, 232–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.04.025

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.