376
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

I Am Not a ‘Hero’: U.S. Nurses’ Identity Overlaps and Conflict During COVID-19

ORCID Icon &

References

  • Apker, J., Propp, K. M., & Zabava Ford, W. S. (2005). Negotiating status and identity tensions in healthcare team interactions: An exploration of nurse role dialectics. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 33(2), 93–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909880500044620
  • Baglia, J. (2021). Defining moments: A nurse’s touch. Health Communication, 36(14), 2035–2038. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2020.1813393
  • Banks, Z. M., & Bailey, J. H. (2010). Career motivation in newly licensed registered nurses: What makes them remain. Qualitative Report, 15(6), 1489–1503. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol15/iss6/8/
  • Baudrillard, J. (1983). Simulations. Semiotext(e).
  • Bell, E., Campbell, S., & Goldberg, L. R. (2015). Nursing identity and patient-centredness in scholarly health services research: A computational text analysis of PubMed abstracts 1986–2013. BMC Health Services Research, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-014-0660-8
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2012). Thematic analysis. In H. Cooper, P. M. Camic, D. L. Long, A. T. Panter, D. Rindskopf, & K. J. Sher (Eds.), APA handbook of research methods in psychology, vol. 2: Research designs: Quantitative, qualitative, neuropsychological, and biological (pp. 57–71). American Psychological Association.
  • Butler, J. (1991). Imitation and gender insubordination. In D. Fuss (Ed.), Inside/out: Lesbian theories, gay theories (pp. 13–31). Routledge.
  • Cooley, C. H. (1964). Human nature and the social order. Charles Scribner’s Sons.
  • Derrida, J. (1978). Writing and difference. University of Chicago Press.
  • Doyle, S. (2007). Member checking with older women: A framework for negotiating meaning. Health Care for Women International, 28(10), 888–908. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399330701615325
  • Fagermoen, M. S. (2008). Professional identity: Values embedded in meaningful nursing practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25(3), 434–441. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.1997025434.x
  • Fairhurst, G. T., & Sarr, R. A. (1996). The art of framing: Managing the language of leadership. Jossey-Bass.
  • Hennekam, S., Ladge, J., & Shymko, Y. (2020). From zero to hero: An exploratory study examining sudden hero status among nonphysician health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(10), 1088–1100. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000832
  • Hirsh, J. B., & Kang, S. K. (2016). Mechanisms of identity conflict: Uncertainty, anxiety, and the behavioral inhibition system. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 20(3), 223–244. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868315589475
  • Hogg, M. A. (2003). Social identity. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (pp. 462–479). Guilford Press.
  • Holstein, J. A., & Gubrium, J. F. (2000). The self we live by: Narrative identity in a poststructuralist world. Oxford University Press.
  • Hsin, D. H., & Macer, D. R. (2004). Heroes of SARS: Professional roles and ethics of health care workers. The Journal of Infection, 49(3), 210–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2004.06.005
  • Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R. P., Snoek, J. D., & Rosenthal, R. A. (1964). Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. John Wiley.
  • Kinsella, E. L., Ritchie, T. D., & Igou, E. R. (2015). Lay perspectives on the social and psychological functions of heroes. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 130–142. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00130
  • Korte, R. F. (2007). A review of social identity theory with implications for training and development. Journal of European Industrial Training, 31(3), 166–180. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590710739250
  • Lipworth, W. (2020). Beyond duty: Medical “heroes” and the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, 17(4), 723–730. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-020-10065-0
  • Lord, H., Loveday, C., Moxham, L., & Fernandez, R. (2021). Effective communication is key to intensive care nurses’ willingness to provide nursing care amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 62, Article 102946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102946
  • Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self and society. University of Chicago Press.
  • Mohammed, S., Peter, E., Killackey, T., & Maciver, J. (2021). The “nurse as hero” discourse in the COVID-19 pandemic: A poststructural discourse analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 117, Article 103887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103887
  • Moreland, J. J., Ewoldsen, D. R., Albert, N. M., Kosicki, G. M., & Clayton, M. F. (2015). Predicting nurses’ turnover: The aversive effects of decreased identity, poor interpersonal communication, and learned helplessness. Journal of Health Communication, 20(10), 1155–1165. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2015.1018589
  • Morin, K. H., & Baptiste, D. (2020). Nurses as heroes, warriors and political activists. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(15–16), 2733. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15353
  • Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847
  • Paillard-Borg, S., Holmgren, J., Saaristo, P., & von Strauss, E. (2020). Nurses in an Ebola viral hemorrhagic fever outbreak: Facing and preparing for psychosocial challenges. SAGE Open, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020920658
  • Petiprin, A. (2016). Florence Nightingale: Nursing theorist. Nursing Theory. https://nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Florence-Nightingale.php
  • Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J., & Lirtzman, S. I. (1970). Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15(2), 150–163. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391486
  • Roccas, S., & Brewer, M. B. (2002). Social identity complexity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(2), 88–106. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0602_01
  • Sahay, S., & Wei, W. (2021). Work-Family balance and managing spillover effects fornurses. Health Communication. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2021.1923155
  • Scott, C. R. (2007). Communication and social identity theory: Existing and potential connections in organizational identification research. Communication Studies, 58(2), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510970701341063
  • Seeger, M. W., & Sellnow, T. L. (2016). Narratives of crisis: Telling stories of ruin and renewal. Stanford University Press.
  • Semino, E. (2021). “Not soldiers but fire-fighters”–metaphors and COVID-19. Health Communication, 36(1), 50–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2020.1844989
  • Stryker, S. (1968). Identity salience and role performance: The relevance of symbolic interaction theory for family research. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 30(4), 558–564. https://doi.org/10.2307/349494
  • Tajfel, H. (1981). Human groups and social categories: Studies in social psychology. Cambridge University Press.
  • Tracy, S. J., & Trethewey, A. (2005). Fracturing the real‐self↔ fake‐self dichotomy: Moving toward “crystallized” organizational discourses and identities. Communication Theory, 15(2), 168–195. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2005.tb00331.x
  • Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Basil Blackwell.
  • Withers, M. C., Corley, K. G., & Hillman, A. J. (2012). Stay or leave: Director identities and voluntary exit from the board during organizational crisis. Organization Science, 23(3), 835–850. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1110.0660

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.