Highlighting Victim Vividness and External Attribution to Influence Policy Support Regarding the Opioid Epidemic: The Mediating Role of Emotions

References

• Bartsch, A., Oliver, M. B., Nitsch, C., & Scherr, S. (2018). Inspired by the Paralympics: Effects of empathy on audience interest in para-sports and on the destigmatization of persons with disabilities. Communication Research, 45(4), 525–553. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650215626984
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batson, C. D., Polycarpou, M. P., Harmon-Jones, E., Imhoff, H. J., Mitchener, E. C., Bednar, L. L., Klein, T. R., & Highberger, L. (1997). Empathy and attitudes: Can feeling for a member of a stigmatized group improve feelings toward the group? Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 72(1), 105–118. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.1.105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blondé, J., & Girandola, F. (2016). Revealing the elusive effects of vividness: A meta-analysis of empirical evidences assessing the effect of vividness on persuasion. Social Influence, 11(2), 111–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2016.1157096
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Ann Marie. https://www.cdc.gov/rxawareness/stories/annmarie.html
   Google Scholar
• Condon, P., & DeSteno, D. (2011). Compassion for one reduces punishment for another. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(3), 698–701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.11.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrigan, P., Markowitz, F. E., Watson, A., Rowan, D., & Kubiak, M. A. (2003). An attribution model of public discrimination towards persons with mental illness. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 44(2), 162–179. https://doi.org/10.2307/1519806
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuddy, A. J., Fiske, S. T., & Glick, P. (2007). The BIAS map: Behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 92(4), 631–648. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.4.631
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dasgupta, N., Beletsky, L., & Ciccarone, D. (2018). Opioid crisis: No easy fix to its social and economic determinants. American Journal of Public Health, 108(2), 182–186. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeWeerdt, S. (2019). Tracing the US opioid crisis to its roots. Nature, 573(7773), S10–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-02686-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dillard, A. J., & Main, J. L. (2013). Using a health message with a testimonial to motivate colon cancer screening: Associations with perceived identification and vividness. Health Education & Behavior, 40(6), 673–682. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198112473111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg, N., Eggum, N. D., & DiGiunta, L. (2010). Empathy-related responding: Associations with prosocial behavior, aggression, and intergroup relations. Social Issues and Policy Review, 4(1), 143–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-2409.2010.01020.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goetz, J. L., Keltner, D., & Simon-Thomas, E. (2010). Compassion: An evolutionary analysis and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 136(3), 351–374. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gollust, S. E., & Miller, J. M. (2020). Framing the opioid crisis: Do racial frames shape beliefs of whites losing ground? Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 45(2), 241–276. https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-8004874
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haley, D. F., & Saitz, R. (2020). The opioid epidemic during the COVID-19 pandemic. Jama, 324(16), 1615–1617. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.18543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• James, T. K., & Zagefka, H. (2017). The effects of group memberships of victims and perpetrators in humanly caused disasters on charitable donations to victims. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 47(8), 446–458. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12452
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy-Hendricks, A., Barry, C. L., Gollust, S. E., Ensminger, M. E., Chisolm, M. S., & McGinty, E. E. (2017). Social stigma toward persons with prescription opioid use disorder: Associations with public support for punitive and public health–oriented policies. Psychiatric Services, 68(5), 462–469. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201600056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kogut, T., & Ritov, I. (2005). The “identified victim” effect: An identified group, or just a single individual? Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 18(3), 157–167. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.492
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ledford, V., Lim, J. R., Namkoong, K., Chen, J., & Qin, Y. (2022). The influence of stigmatizing messages on danger appraisal: Examining the model of stigma communication for opioid-related stigma, policy support, and related outcomes. Health Communication, 37(14), 1765–1777. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2021.1920710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, H. (2020). Exploring the role of incidental and integral compassion and anger in health communication about pollution. Health Communication, 35(6), 675–684. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2019.1582313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, H. (2021). Exposure to victim portrayals: The role of multiple emotions in influencing collective action intentions for environmental justice. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 11(4), 548–560. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-020-00660-3
   Google Scholar
• Ma, Z., Ma, R., & Ledford, V. (2022). Is my story better than his story? Understanding the effects and mechanisms of narrative point of view in the opioid context. Health Communication, Advance online publication. 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2022.2037198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malle, B. F., Guglielmo, S., & Monroe, A. E. (2014). A theory of blame. Psychological Inquiry, 25(2), 147–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2014.877340
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGinty, E. E., Barry, C. L., Stone, E. M., Niederdeppe, J., Kennedy-Hendricks, A., Linden, S., & Sherman, S. G. (2018). Public support for safe consumption sites and syringe services programs to combat the opioid epidemic. Preventive Medicine, 111, 73–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.02.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGinty, E. E., Stone, E. M., Kennedy-Hendricks, A., & Barry, C. L. (2019). Stigmatizing language in news media coverage of the opioid epidemic: Implications for public health. Preventive Medicine, 124, 110–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.03.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2021). Medications to treat opioid use disorder research report. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/medications-to-treat-opioid-addiction/overview
   Google Scholar
• National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2022). Overdose death rates. https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates
   Google Scholar
• Niederdeppe, J., Roh, S., & Shapiro, M. A. (2015). Acknowledging individual responsibility while emphasizing social determinants in narratives to promote obesity-reducing public policy: A randomized experiment. PLos One, 10(2), e0117565. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nisbett, R. E., & Ross, L. (1980). Human inference: Strategies and shortcomings of social judgment. Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Qin, Y., Chen, J., Namkoong, K., Ledford, V., & Lim, J. R. (2022). Increasing perceived risk of opioid misuse: The effects of concrete language and image. Health Communication, 37(4), 425–437. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2020.1846323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell, D., Thames, K. M., Spence, N. J., & Koeval, C. M. (2020). Where the fault lies: Representations of addiction in audience reactions to media coverage of the opioid epidemic. Contemporary Drug Problems, 47(2), 83–102. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091450920929102
   Google Scholar
• Small, D. A. (2015). On the psychology of the identifiable victim effect. In I. G. Cohen, N. Daniels & N. Eyal (Eds.), Identified vs. statistical lives: An interdisciplinary perspective (pp. 13–23). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, R. A. (2014). Testing the model of stigma communication with a factorial experiment in an interpersonal context. Communication Studies, 65(2), 154–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2013.851095
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taylor, B. G., Lamuda, P. A., Flanagan, E., Watts, E., Pollack, H., & Schneider, J. (2021). Social stigma toward persons with opioid use disorder: Results from a nationally representative survey of US adults. Substance Use & Misuse, 56(12), 1752–1764. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2021.1949611
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Lancet. (2021). A time of crisis for the opioid epidemic in the USA. The Lancet, 398(10297), 277. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01653-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai, A. C., Kiang, M. V., Barnett, M. L., Beletsky, L., Keyes, K. M., McGinty, E. E., Smith, L. R., Strathdee, S. A., Wakeman, S. E., & Venkataramani, A. S. (2019). Stigma as a fundamental hindrance to the United States opioid overdose crisis response. PLoS Medicine, 16(11), e1002969. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002969
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Doorn, J., Zeelenberg, M., & Breugelmans, S. M. (2014). Anger and prosocial behavior. Emotion Review, 6(3), 261–268. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073914523794
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vastfjall, D., Slovic, P., Mayorga, M., & Peters, E. (2014). Compassion fade: Affect and charity are greatest for a single child in need. PLos One, 9(6), e100115. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitaglione, G. D., & Barnett, M. A. (2003). Assessing a new dimension of empathy: Empathic anger as a predictor of helping and punishing desires. Motivation and Emotion, 27(4), 301–325. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026231622102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner, B. (2012). An attribution theory of motivation. In P. A. M. Van Lange, E. T. Higgins & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 135–155). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Winterich, K. P., Han, S., & Lerner, J. S. (2010, November). Now that I’m sad, it’s hard to be mad: The role of cognitive appraisals in emotional blunting. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(11), 1467–1483. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167210384710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, F., & Guo, S. (2015). The moderating effect of imagery ability on perceived vividness: The case of HPV vaccine advertising in China. Chinese Journal of Communication, 8(2), 177–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/17544750.2015.1008531
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar