Basil cultivar identification using chemotyping still favored over genotyping using core barcodes and possible resources of antioxidants

References

• A. Paton, R.M. Harley and M.M. Harley, Ocimum – An overview of relationships and classification. In: Ocimum. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants – Industrial Profiles. Edits., Y. Holm and R. Hiltunen, pp. 1–39, Harwood Academic, Amsterdam (1999).
   Google Scholar
• M. Labra, M. Miele, B. Ledda, F. Grassi, M. Mazzei and F. Sala, Morphological characterization, essential oil composition and DNA genotyping of Ocimum basilicum L. cultivars. Plant Sci., 167, 725–731 (2004).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E. Putievsky and B. Galambosi, Production systems of sweet basil. In: Ocimum. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants – Industrial Profiles. Edits., Y. Holm and R. Hiltunen, pp. 39–67, Harwood Academic, Amsterdam (1999).
   Google Scholar
• R.F. Vieiraa, R.J. Grayer, A. Paton and J.E. Simon, Genetic diversity of Ocimum gratissimum L. based on volatile oil constituents, favonoids and RAPD markers. Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 29, 287–304 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Carovic-Stanko, Z. Liber, O. Politeo, F. Strikic, I. Kolak, M. Milos and Z. Satovic, Molecular and chemical characterization of the most widespread Ocimum species. Plant Syst. Evol., 294, 253–262 (2011).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. De Mattia, I. Bruni, A. Galimberti, F. Cattaneo, M. Casiraghi and M. Labra, A comparative study of different DNA barcoding markers for the identification of some members of Lamiacaea. Food Res. Int., 44, 693–702 (2011).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Kress and D.L. Erickson, A two-locus global DNA barcode for land plants: The coding rbcLa gene complements the non-coding trnH–psbA spacer region. PLoS One, 6, 1–10 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• CBOL plant working group, A DNA barcode for all land plants. PNAS, 106, 12794–12797 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H.O. Elansary, Towards a DNA barcode library for Egyptian flora, with a preliminary focus on ornamental trees and shrubs of two major gardens. DNA Barcodes, 1, 46–55 (2013).
   Google Scholar
• A.M. Venancio, A.S.C. Onofre, A.F. Lira, P.B. Alves, A.F. Blank, Â.R. Antoniolli, M. Marchioro, C.S. Estevam and B.S. de Araujo, Chemical composition, acute toxicity, and antinociceptive activity of the essential oil of a plant breeding cultivar of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Planta Med., 77, 825–829 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holm Y. 1999. Bioactivity of basil. In: Ocimum. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants – Industrial Profiles. Edits., Y. Holm and R. Hiltunen, pp. 113–137, Harwood Academic, Amsterdam ( 1999).
   Google Scholar
• J. Lee and C.F. Scagel, Chicoric acid levels in commercial basil (Ocimum basilicum) and Echinacea purpurea products. J. Funct. Foods, 2, 77–84 (2010).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.I. Hussain, F. Anwar, S.T.H. Sherazi and R. Przybylski, Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oils depends on seasonal variations. Food Chem., 108, 986–995 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H.J.D. Dorman and R. Hiltunen, Ocimum basilicum L.: Phenolic profile and antioxidant-related activity. Nat. Prod. Commun., 5, 65–72 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Marotti, R. Piccaglia and E. Giovanelli, E., Differences in essential oil composition of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Italian cultivars related to morphological characteristics. J. Agric. Food Chem., 44, 3926–3929 (1996).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. Manniche, An Ancient Egyptian Herbal. University of Texas Press, Austin, TX (1989).
   Google Scholar
• R. Hiltunen and Y. Holm, Essential oil of Ocimum. In: Ocimum. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants – Industrial Profiles. Edits., Y. Holm and R. Hiltunen, pp. 77–113, Harwood Academic, Amsterdam (1999).
   Google Scholar
• M.Y. Haggag, Herbal medicine in Egypt. CIHEAM Options Mediterraneennes 45–55 (2009). Available online at http://www.scribd.com/doc/7481632/herbal-medicine-in-Egypt
   Google Scholar
• H.R. Juliani and J.E. Simon, Antioxidant activity of basil. In: Trends in New Crops and New Uses. Edits., J. Janick and A. Whipkey, ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA (2002).
   Google Scholar
• S. Lee, K. Umano, T. Shibamoto and K. Lee, Identification of volatile components in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and thyme leaves (Thymus vulgaris L.) and their antioxidant properties. Food Chem., 91, 131–137 (2005).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.P. Adams, Identification of Essential Oil Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, 4th edn. Allured Publ. Corp, Carol Stream, IL (2007).
   Google Scholar
• R.A. Levin, W.L. Wagner, P.C. Hoch, M. Nepokroeff, J.C. Pires, E.A. Zimmer and K.J. Sytsma, Family-level relationships of Onagraceae based on chloroplast rbcLa and ndhF data. Am. J. Bot., 90, 107–115 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B. Tepe, D. Daferera, A. Sokmen, M. Sokmen and A. Polissiou, Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and various extracts of Salvia tomentosa Miller (Lamiaceae). Food Chem., 90, 333–340 (2005).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Ferreira, C. Proença, M.L.M. Serralheiro and M.E.M. Araújo, The in vitro screening for acetylcholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant activity of medicinal plants from Portugal. J. Ethnopharmacol., 108, 31–37 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.E. Simon, J. Quinn and R.G. Murray, Basil: A source of essential oils. In: Advances in New Crops. Edits. J. Janick and J.E. Simon, pp. 484–489, Timber Press, Portland, OR (1990).
   Google Scholar
• M.E.S. Ottai, S. Sayeda, S. Ahmed and M. Magd El Din, Genetic variability among some quantitative characters, insecticidal activity and essential oil composition of two Egyptian and French sweet basil varieties. Austr. J. Basic Appl. Sci., 6, 185–192 (2012).
   Google Scholar
• A. Bertoli, M. Lucchesini, A. Mensuali-Sodi, M. Leonardi, S. Doveri, A. Magnabosco and L. Pistelli, Aroma characterisation and UV elicitation of purple basil from different plant tissue cultures. Food Chem., 141, 776–787 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.J. Grayer, G.C. Kit, F.J. Goldstone, S.E. Bryan, A. Paton and E. Putievsk, Infraspecific taxonomy and essential oil chemotypes in sweet basil. Ocimum basilicum. Phytochemistry, 43, 1033–1039 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Kim, F. Chen, C. Wu, X. Wang, H. Chung and Z. Jin, Evaluation of antioxidant activity of Australian tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil and its components. J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 2849–2854 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H.O. Elansary, M.Z.M. Salem, N.A. Ashmawy and M. Yacout, Evaluation of the chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Lantana camara, Cupressus sempervirens and Syzygium cumini leaves oils from Egypt. J. Agric. Sci., 4, 144–152 (2012).
   Google Scholar