1,776
Views
30
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Effect of Analogy Instructions with an Internal Focus on Learning a Complex Motor Skill

, , &
Pages 17-32 | Received 23 Aug 2012, Accepted 27 Jan 2013, Published online: 18 Nov 2013

REFERENCES

  • Araujo , D. , Davids , K. and Hristovski , R. 2006 . The ecological dynamics of decision making in sport . Psychology of Sport and Exercise , 7 : 653 – 676 .
  • Bernstein , N. A. 1967 . The control and regulation of movements , London : Pergamon Press .
  • Brymer , E. and Renshaw , I. 2010 . An introduction to the constraints-led approach to learning in outdoor education . Australian Journal of Outdoor Education , 14 ( 2 ) : 33 – 41 .
  • Chollet , D. , Seifert , L. , Leblanc , H. , Boulesteix , L. and Carter , M. 2004 . Evaluation of arm-leg coordination in flat breaststroke . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 25 : 486 – 495 .
  • Chow , J.Y. , Davids , K. , Button , C. , Shuttleworth , R. , Renshaw , I. and Araujo , D. 2006 . Nonlinear pedagogy: A constraints-led framework for understanding emergence of game play and movement skills . Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences , 10 ( 1 ) : 71–103
  • Chow , J. Y. , Davids , K. and Button , C. 2007 . Variation in coordination of a discrete multiarticular action as a function of skill level . Journal of Motor Behavior , 39 ( 6 ) : 463 – 479 .
  • Chow , J. Y. , Davids , K. , Button , C. and Koh , M. 2008 . Coordination changes in a discrete multi-articular action as a function of practice . Acta Psychologica , 127 ( 1 ) : 163 – 176 .
  • Chow , J. Y. , Davids , K. , Button , C. , Shuttleworth , R. , Renshaw , I. and Araujo , D. 2007 . The role of nonlinear pedagogy in physical education . Review of Educational Research , 77 ( 3 ) : 251 – 278 .
  • Chow , J.Y. , Davids , K. , Hristovski , R. , Araujo , D. and Passos , P. 2011 . Nonlinear pedagogy: Learning design for self-organizing neurobiological systems . New Ideas in Psychology , 29 : 189–200
  • Cohen , D. 1988 . Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd Edition) , Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Costill , D. L. , Kovaleski , J. , Porter , D. , Kirwan , J. , Fielding , R. and King , D. 1985 . Energy expenditure during front crawl swimming: Predicting success in middle-distance events . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 6 : 266 – 270 .
  • Davids , K. , Button , C. and Bennett , S. J. 2008 . Dynamics of skill acquisition: A constraints-led approach , Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics .
  • Delignières , D. , Nourrit , D. , Sioud , R. , Leroyer , P. , Zattara , M. and Micaleff , J.-P. 1998 . Preferred coordination modes in the first steps of the learning of a complex gymnastics skill . Human Movement Science , 17 : 221 – 241 .
  • Diedrich , F. J. and Warren , W. H. 1998 . The dynamics of gait transitions: Effects of grade and load . Journal of Motor Behavior , 30 ( 1 ) : 60 – 78 .
  • Edelman , G. M. and Gally , J. A. 2001 . Degeneracy and complexity in biological systems . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 98 ( 24 ) : 13763 – 8 .
  • Faugloire , E. , Bardy , B. G. and Stroffregen , T. A. 2009 . (De)stabilization of required and spontaneous postural dynamics with learning . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 35 ( 1 ) : 170 – 187 .
  • Haken , H. , Kelso , J. A. S. and Bunz , H. 1985 . A theoretical model of phase transitions in human hand movements . Biological Cybernetics , 51 ( 5 ) : 347 – 356 .
  • Hamill , J. , Haddad , J. M. and McDermott , W. J. 2000 . Issues in quantifying variability from a dynamical systems perspective . Motor Control , : 407 – 418 .
  • Handford , C. , Davids , K. , Bennett , S. and Button , C. 1997 . Skill acquisition in sport: Some applications of an evolving practice ecology . Journal of Sports Sciences , 15 : 621 – 640 .
  • Koedijker , J. M. , Poolton , J. M. , Maxwell , J. P. , Oudejans , R. R. D. , Beek , P. J. and Masters , R. S. W. 2011 . Attention and time constraints in perceptual-motor learning and performance: Instruction, analogy, and skill level . Consciousness and Cognition , 20 ( 2 ) : 245 – 256 .
  • Lam , W. K. , Maxwell , J. P. and Masters , R. S. W. 2009a . Analogy learning and the performance of motor skills under pressure . Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology , 31 ( 3 ) : 337 – 357 .
  • Lam , W. K. , Maxwell , J. P. and Masters , R. S. W. 2009b . Analogy versus explicit learning of a modified basketball shooting task: performance and kinematic outcomes . Journal of Sports Sciences , 27 ( 2 ) : 179 – 191 .
  • Liao , C. M. and Masters , R. S. W. 2001 . Analogy learning: A means to implicit motor learning . Journal of Sports Sciences , 19 : 307 – 319 .
  • Lohse , K. R. and Sherwood , D. E. 2011 . Defining the focus of attention: Effects of attention on perceived exertion and fatigue . Frontiers in Psychology , 2 : 332
  • Masters , R. S. W. 1992 . Knowledge, knerves and know-how: The role of explicit versus implicit knowledge in the breakdown of a complex motor skill under pressure . British Journal of Psychology , 83 : 343 – 358 .
  • Masters , R. S. W. 2000 . Theoretical aspects of implicit learning in sport . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 31 : 530 – 541 .
  • McKay , B. and Wulf , G. 2012 . A distal external focus enhances novice dart throwing performance . International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 10 ( 2 ) : 149 – 156 .
  • Newell , K. M. 1986 . “ Constraints on the development of coordination ” . In Motor development in children. Aspects of Coordination and Control , Edited by: Wade , M. G. and Whiting , H. T. A. 341 – 360 . Dordrecht , , Netherlands : Martinus Nijhoff .
  • Newell , K. M. and Ranganathan , R. 2011 . “ Instructions as constraints in motor skill acquisition ” . In Motor Learning in Practice , Edited by: Renshaw , I. , Davids , K. and Savelsbergh , G. J. P. 17 – 32 . London : Routledge .
  • Peh , S. Y.-C. , Chow , J. Y. and Davids , K. 2011 . Focus of attention and its impact on movement behavior . Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport , 14 ( 1 ) : 70 – 78 .
  • Pinder , R. A. , Davids , K. , Renshaw , I. and Araújo , D. 2011 . Representative learning design and functionality of research and practice in sport . Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology , 33 ( 1 ) : 146 – 55 .
  • Poolton , J. M. , Masters , R. S. W. and Maxwell , J. P. 2007 . The development of a culturally appropriate analogy for implicit motor learning in a Chinese population . Sport Psychologist , 21 : 375 – 382 .
  • Seifert , L. , Button , C. and Brazier , T. 2011 . “ Interacting constraints and inter-limb co-ordination in swimming ” . In Motor learning in practice , Edited by: Renshaw , I. , Davids , K. and Savelsbergh , G. J. P. 83 – 98 . London : Routledge .
  • Seifert , L. , Delignieres , D. , Boulesteix , L. and Chollet , D. 2007 . Effect of expertise on butterfly stroke coordination . Journal of Sports Sciences , 25 ( 2 ) : 131 – 141 .
  • Seifert , L. , Leblanc , H. , Chollet , D. and Delignières , D. 2010 . Inter-limb coordination in swimming: Effect of speed and skill level . Human Movement Science , 29 ( 1 ) : 103 – 113 .
  • Seifert , L. , Leblanc , H. , Herault , R. , Komar , J. , Button , C. and Chollet , D. 2011 . Inter-individual variability in the upper-lower limb breaststroke coordination . Human Movement Science , 30 ( 3 ) : 550 – 565 .
  • Uehara , L. A. , Button , C. and Davids , D. 2008 . The effects of focus of attention instructions on novices learning soccer chip . Brazilian Journal of Biomotricity , 2 ( 1 ) : 63 – 77 .
  • Vereijken , B. , van Emmerik , R. E. A. , Whiting , H. and Newell , K. M. 1992 . Free(z)ing degrees of freedom in skill acquisition . Journal of Motor Behavior , 24 ( 1 ) : 133 – 142 .
  • Warren , W. H. 2006 . The dynamics of perception and action . Psychological Review , 113 ( 2 ) : 358 – 389 .
  • Wulf , G. , Lauterbach , B. and Toole , T. 1999 . The learning advantages of an external focus of attention in golf . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 70 ( 2 ) : 120 – 126 .
  • Wulf , G. , McConnel , N. , Gärtner , M. and Schwarz , A. 2002 . Enhancing the learning of sport skills through external-focus feedback . Journal of Motor Behavior , 34 ( 2 ) : 171 – 182 .
  • Wulf , G. , Shea , C. and Park , J. H. 2001 . Attention and motor performance: Preferences for and advantages of an external focus . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 72 ( 4 ) : 335 – 344 .
  • Wulf , G. and Weigelt , C. 1997 . Instructions about physical principles in learning a complex motor skill: To tell or not to tell . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 68 ( 4 ) : 362 – 367 .
  • Zentgraf , K. and Munzert , J. 2009 . Effects of attentional-focus instructions on movement kinematics . Psychology of Sport and Exercise , 10 ( 5 ) : 520 – 525 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.