REFERENCES
- Adie, J.W., Duda, J.L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2008). Achievement goals, competition appraisals, and the psychological and emotional welfare of sport participants. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 30, 302–322.
- Adie, J.W., Duda, J.L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2010). Achievement goals, competition appraisals, and the well- and ill-being of elite youth soccer players over two competitive seasons. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 32, 555–579.
- Babkes, M.L., & Weiss, M.R. (1999). Parental influence on children's cognitive and affective responses to competitive soccer participation. Pediatric Exercise Science, 11, 44–62.
- Bois, J.E., Lalanne, J., & Delforge, C. (2009). The influence of parenting practices and parental pressure on children's and adolescents’ precompetitive anxiety. Journal of Sports Science, 27, 995–1005. doi:10.1080/02640410903062001
- Bollen, K.A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York, NY: Wiley & Sons.
- Bortoli, L., Bertollo, M., & Robazza, C. (2009). Dispositional goal orientations, motivational climate, and psychobiosocial states in youth sport. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 18–24. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.01.042
- Ciani, K.D., & Sheldon, K.M. (2010). Evaluating the mastery–avoidance construct: A study of elite college baseball players. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11, 127–132. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.04.005
- Conroy, D.E., Elliot, A.J., & Hofer, S.M. (2003). A 2 × 2 achievement goals questionnaire for sport: Evidence for factorial invariance, temporal stability, and external validity. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 25, 456–476.
- Conroy, D.E., Kaye, M.P., & Coatsworth, J.D. (2006). Coaching climates and the destructive effects of mastery avoidance achievement goals on situational motivation. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 28, 69–92.
- Cook, W.L., & Kenny, D.A. (2005). The Actor–Partner Interdependence Model: A model of bidirectional effects in developmental studies. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29, 101–109. doi:10.1080/01650250444000405
- Curry, F., Elliot, A., Sarrizan, P., DaFonśeca, D., & Rufo, M. (2002). The trichotomous achievement goal model and intrinsic motivation: A sequential meditational analysis. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 473–481. doi:10.1016/S0022-1031(02)00017-3
- Duda, J.L., & Treasure, D.C. (2010). Motivational processes and the facilitation of quality engagement in sport. In J.M. Williams (Ed.), Applied sport psychology ( 6th ed., pp. 59–80). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
- Elliot, A.J. (1999). Approach and avoidance motivation and achievement goals. Educational Psychologist, 34, 169–189. doi:10.1207/s15326985ep3403_3
- Elliot, A.J., & Dweck, C.S. (Eds.). (2005). Handbook of competence and motivation. New York, NY: Guilford.
- Elliot, A.J., & McGregor, H.A. (2001). A 2 × 2 achievement goal framework. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 501–519. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.3.501
- Elliot, A.J., McGregor, H.A., & Thrash, T.M. (2002). The need for competence. In E. Deci & R. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 361–387). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
- Elliot, A.J., Murayama, K., & Pekrun, R. (2011). A 3 × 2 Achievement Goal Model. Journal of Educational Psychology, 103, 632–648. doi:10.1037/a0023952
- Engh, F. (2002). Why Johnny hates sports. Why organized youth sports are failing our children and what we can do about it. Garden City Park, NJ: Square One.
- Gagne, M., Ryan, R.M., & Bargmann, K. (2003). Autonomy and need satisfaction in the motivation and well-being of gymnasts. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 15, 372–390. doi:10.1080/714044203
- Gould, D., & Krane, V. (1992). The arousal–athletic performance relationship: Current status and future directions. In T.S. Horn (Ed.), Advances in sport psychology (pp. 119–142). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Gould, D., Lauer, L., Rolo, C., Jannes, C., & Pennisi, N. (2008). The role of parents in tennis success: Focus group interviews with junior coaches. The Sport Psychologist, 22, 18–37.
- Gould, D., Tuffey, S., Udry, E., & Loehr, J. (1996). Burnout in competitive junior tennis players: II. A qualitative analysis. The Sport Psychologist, 10, 341–366.
- Hall, H.K., & Kerr, A.W. (1997). Motivational antecedents of pre-competitive anxiety in youth sport. The Sport Psychologist, 11, 24–42.
- Hellstedt, J.C. (1988). Early adolescent perceptions of parental pressure in the sport environment. Journal of Sport Behavior, 13, 135–144.
- Jackson, B., Grove, J.R., & Beauchamp, M.R. (2010). Relational efficacy beliefs and relationship quality within coach–athlete dyads. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 27, 1035–1050. doi:10.1177/0265407510378123
- Kavussanu, M., & Roberts, G.C. (1996). Motivation in physical activity contexts: The relationship of perceived motivational climate to intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 18, 264–280.
- Kenny, D.A. (1996). Models of nonindependence in dyadic research. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 13, 279–294. doi:10.1177/0265407596132007
- Kenny, D.A., & Ledermann, T. (2010). Detecting, measuring, and testing dyadic patterns in the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model. Journal of Family Psychology, 24, 359–366. doi:10.1037/a0019651
- Krane, V., Williams, J.M., & Feltz, D.L. (1992). Path analysis examining relationships among cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, state confidence, performance expectations and golf performance. Journal of Sport Behavior, 15, 279–296.
- Larson, R., & Almeida, D.M. (1999). Emotional transmission in the daily lives of families: A new paradigm for studying family process. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 5–20. doi:10.2307/353879
- Martens, R., Burton, D., Vealey, R.S., Bump, L.A., & Smith, D.E. (1990). Development and validation of the competitive state anxiety inventory–2 (CSAI–2). In R. Martens, R.S. Vealey, & D. Burton (Eds.), Competitive anxiety in sport (pp. 117–173). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Muthén, L.K., & Muthén, B.O. (1998–2012). Mplus users’ guide ( 7th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
- Newton, M., & Duda, J.L. (1992). The relationship of task and ego orientation to performance-cognitive content, affect, and attributions in bowling. Journal of Sport Behavior, 16, 209–220.
- Nicholls, J.G. (1989). The competitive ethos and democratic education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Ommundsen, Y., & Pedersen, B.H. (1999). The role of achievement goal orientations and perceived ability upon somatic and cognitive indices of sport competition trait anxiety. Scandinavian Journal of Medicines and Science in Sports, 9, 333–343. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.1999.tb00254.x
- Ommundsen, Y., Roberts, G.C., Lemyre, P.N., & Miller, B.W. (2006). Parental and coach support or pressure on psychosocial outcomes of pediatric athletes in soccer. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine, 16, 522–526. doi:10.1097/01.jsm.0000248845.39498.56
- O’Rourke, D.J., Smith, R.E., Smoll, F.L., & Cumming, S.P. (2011). Trait anxiety in young athletes as a function of parental pressure and motivational climate: Is parental pressure always harmful? Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 23, 398–412. doi:10.1080/10413200.2011.552089
- Passer, M. (1983). Fear of failure, fear of evaluation, perceived competence, and self-esteem in competitive trait-anxious children. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 5, 172–188.
- Pekrun, R., Elliot, A.J., & Maier, M.A. (2009). Achievement goals and achievement emotions: Testing a model of their joint relations with academic performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 101, 115–135. doi:10.1037/a0013383
- Räikkönen, K., Pesonen, A., Heinonen, K., Komsi, N., Järvenpää, A-L., & Strandberg, T.E. (2006). Stressed parents: A dyadic perspective on perceived infant temperament. Infant and Child Development, 15, 75–87. doi:10.1002/icd.431
- Roberts, G.C. (2001). Understanding the dynamics of motivation in physical activity. In G.C. Roberts (Ed.), Advances in motivation in sport and exercise (pp. 1–50). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Roberts, G.C., & Treasure, D.C. (1992). Children in sport. Sport Science Review, 1, 46–64.
- Roberts, G.C., & Treasure, D.C. (2012). Advances in motivation in sport and exercise ( 3rd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Roberts, G.C., Treasure, D.C., & Conroy, D.E. (2007). The dynamics of motivation in sport: The influence of achievement goals on motivation processes. In G. Tenenbaum & R.C. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology ( 3rd ed., pp. 3–30.). New York, NY: Wiley.
- Rusbult, C.E., & Van Lange, P.A. M. (1996). Interdependence processes. In E.T. Higgins & A.W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 564–596). New York, NY: Guilford.
- Sebire, S.J., Standage, M., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2009). Examining intrinsic versus extrinsic exercise goals: Cognitive, affective and behavioral outcomes. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31, 189–210.
- Sideridis, G.D. (2008). The regulation of affect, anxiety, and stressful arousal from adopting mastery-avoidance goal orientations. Stress & Health, 24, 55–69. doi:10.1002/smi.1160
- Smith, R.E., Smoll, F.L., Cumming, S.P., & Grossbard, J.R. (2006). Measurement of multidimensional sport performance anxiety in children and adults: The Sport Anxiety Scale–2. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 28, 479–501.
- Treasure, D.C., & Roberts, G.C. (1998). Relationship between female adolescents’ achievement goal orientations, perceptions of the motivational climate, belief about success, and sources of satisfaction in basketball. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 29, 211–230.
- Verhoeven, M., Bögels, S.M., & Bruggen, C.C. (2012). Unique roles of mothering and fathering in child anxiety: Moderation by child's age and gender. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21, 331–343. doi:10.1007/s10826-011-9483-y
- White, S.A., & Zellner, S.R. (1996). The relationship between goal orientation, beliefs about the causes of sport success, and trait anxiety among high school, intercollegiate, and recreational sport participants. The Sport Psychologist, 10, 58–72.