Mean Girls: Adolescent Female Athletes and Peer Conflict in Sport

REFERENCES

• Allen, J.B. (2003). Social motivation in youth sport. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 25, 551–567.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bois, J.E., Lalanne, J., & Delforge, C. (2009). The influence of parenting practices and parental presence on children's and adolescents' pre-competitive anxiety. Journal of Sport Sciences, 27, 995–1005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boulton, M.J. (1999). Concurrent and longitudinal relations between children's playground behavior and social preference, victimization, and bullying. Child Development, 70, 944–954.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bray, S.R., Martin, K.A., & Widemeyer, W.N. (2000). The relationship between evaluative concerns and sport competition state anxiety among youth skiers. Journal of Sport Sciences, 18, 353–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casper, D.M., & Card, N.A. (2010). “We were best friends, but…”: Two studies of antipathetic relationships emerging from broken friendships. Journal of Adolescent Research, 25, 499–526. doi: 10.1177/0743558410366596
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, D. K., Lonsdale, C., & Fung, H. H. (2012). Influences of coaches, parents, and peers on the motivational patterns of child and adolescent athletes. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 22, 558–568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cope, C.J., Eys, M.A., Schinke, R.J., & Bosselut, G. (2010). Coaches' perspectives of a negative informal role: The ‘cancer’ within sport teams. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 22, 420–436. doi: 10.1080/10413200.2010.495327
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed method approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Crick, N.R., Casas, J.F., & Mosher, M. (1997). Relational and overt aggression in preschool. Developmental Psychology, 33, 579–588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crick, N.R., & Grotpeter, J.K. (1995). Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment. Child Development, 66, 710–722. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00900.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crick, N.R., & Nelson, D.A. (2002). Relational and physical aggression within friendships: Nobody told me there'd be friends like this. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30, 599–607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currie, D.H., Kelly, D.M., & Pomerantz, S. (2007). ‘The power to squash people’: Understanding girls' relational aggression. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 28, 23–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demaray, M.K., & Malecki, C.K. (2003). Perceptions of the frequency and importance of social support by students classified as victims, bullies, and bully/victims in an urban middle school. School Psychology Review, 32, 471–489.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galen, B.R., & Underwood, M.K. (1997). A developmental investigation of social aggression among children. Developmental Psychology, 33, 589–600.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner, D.E., Shields, D.L., Bredemeier, B.J., & Bostrom, A. (1996). The relationship between perceived coaching behaviors and team cohesion among baseball and softball players. The Sport Psychologist, 10, 367–381.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennink, M., Hutter, I., & Bailey, A. (2011). Qualitative research methods. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hoff, K.E., Reese-Weber, M., Schneider, W.J., & Stagg, J.W. (2009). The association between high status positions and aggressive behavior in early adolescence. Journal of School Psychology, 47, 395–426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holt, N.L., Black, D.E., Tamminen, K.A., Fox, K.R., & Mandigo, J.L. (2008). Levels of social complexity and dimensions of peer experiences in youth sport. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 30, 411–431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holt, N.L., Knight, C.J., & Zukiwski, P. (2012). Female athletes’ perceptions of teammate conflict in sport: Implications for sport psychology consultants. The Sport Psychologist, 26, 135–154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horn, T.S. (2004). Developmental perspectives on self-perceptions in children and adolescents. In M.R. Weiss (Ed.), Developmental sport and exercise psychology: A lifespan perspective (pp. 101–143). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Kamphoff, C.S., Gill, D.L., & Huddleston, S. (2005). Jealousy in sport: Exploring jealousy's relationship to cohesion. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17, 290–305. doi: 10.1080/10413200500313578
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). Interviews: Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Ladd, G.W., Kochenderfer, B.J., & Coleman, C.C. (1997). Friendship quality as a predictor of young children's early school adjustment. Child Development, 68, 1168–1189. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb01993.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaVoi, N.M. (2007). Interpersonal communication and conflict in the coach-athlete relationship. In S. Jowett & D. Lavallee (Eds.), Social psychology in sport (pp. 29–40). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Mellalieu, S., Shearer, D.A., & Shearer, C. (2013). A preliminary survey of interpersonal conflict at major games and championships. The Sport Psychologist, 27, 120–129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merten, D.E. (1997). The meaning of meanness: Popularity, competition, and conflict among junior high school girls. Sociology of Education, 70, 175–191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Keeffe, G.S., & Clarke-Pearson, K. (2011). The impact of social media on children, adolescents, and families. Pediatrics, 127, 800–804.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Partridge, J.A., Brustad, R.J., & Babkes Stellino, M. (2008). Social influence in sport. In T. S. Horn (Ed.), Advances in sport psychology (3rd ed., pp. 269–291). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Pokhrel, P., Sussman, S., Black, D., & Sun, P. (2010). Peer group self-identification as a predictor of relational and physical aggression among high school students. Journal of School Health, 80, 249–258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin, K.H., Bukowski, W., & Parker, J.G. (2006). Peer interactions, relationships, and groups. In W. Damon, R.M. Lerner, & N. Eisenberg (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3, Social, emotional, and personality development (6th ed., pp. 571–645). New York, NY: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Ryska, T.A., Yin, Z., Cooley, D., & Ginn, R. (1999). Developing team cohesion: A comparison of cognitive-behavioral strategies of U.S. and Australian sport coaches. The Journal of Psychology, 133, 523–539.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scanlan, T.K., Carpenter, P.J., Lobel, M., & Simons, J.P. (1993). Sources of sport enjoyment for youth sport athletes. Pediatric Exercise Science, 5, 275–285.
   Google Scholar
• Sheridan, D., Coffee, P., & Lavallee, D. (2014). A systematic review of social support in youth sport. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 7, 198–228. doi: 10.1080/1750984X.2014.931999
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, A.L. (2003). Peer relationships in physical activity contexts: A road less traveled in youth sport and exercise psychology research. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 4, 25–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, A.L., Balaguer, I., & Duda, J.L. (2006). Goal orientation profile differences on perceived motivational climate, perceived peer relationships, and motivation-related responses of youth athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24, 1315–1328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, A.L., Gustafsson, H., & Hassmen, P. (2010). Peer motivational climate and burnout perceptions of adolescent athletes. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 11, 453–451.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, A.L., Ullrich-French, S., Walker, E., II, & Hurley, K.S. (2006). Peer relationship profiles and motivation in youth sport. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 28, 362–382.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storch, E.A., & Masia-Warner, C. (2004). The relationship of peer victimization to social anxiety and loneliness in adolescent females. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 351–362. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.03.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storch, E.A., Werner, N.E., & Storch, J.B. (2003). Relational aggression and psychosocial adjustment in intercollegiate athletes. Journal of Sport Behavior, 26, 155–167.
   Google Scholar
• Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Ullrich-French, S., & Smith, A.L. (2009). Social and motivational predictors of continued youth sport participation. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 10, 87–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urdan, T.C., & Maehr, M.L. (1995). Beyond a two-goal theory of motivation and achievement: A case for social goals. Review of Educational Research, 65, 213–243. doi: 10.3102/00346543065003213
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vazou, S., Ntoumanis, N., & Duda, J.L. (2006). Predicting young athletes' motivational indices as a function of their perceptions of the coach- and peer-created climate. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 7, 215–233.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss, M.R., & Smith, A.L. (1999). Quality of youth sport friendships: Measurement development and validation. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 21, 145–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss, M.R., & Smith, A.L. (2002). Friendship quality in youth sport: Relationship to age, gender, and motivation variables. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 24, 420–437.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss, M.R., Smith, A.L., & Theeboom, M. (1996). “That's what friends are for”: Children's and teenagers’ perceptions of peer relationship in the sport domain. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 18, 347–379.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witvliet, M., Brendgen, M., van Lier, P.A. C., Koot, H.M., & Vitaro, F. (2010). Early adolescent depressive symptoms: Predictions from clique isolation, loneliness, and perceived social acceptance. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38, 1045–1056.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zarbatany, L., Ghesquiere, K., & Mohr, K. (1992). A context perspective on early adolescents' friendship expectations. Journal of Early Adolescence, 12, 111–126. doi: 10.1177/0272431692012001007
   Google Scholar
• Zarbatany, L., McDougall, P., & Hymel, S. (2000). Gender differentiated experience in the peer culture: Links to intimacy in preadolescence. Social Development, 9, 62–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar