Investigating Elite End-of-Athletic-Career Transition: A Systematic Review

REFERENCES

• Alfermann, D. (2000). Causes and consequences of sport career termination. In D. Lavallee & P. Wylleman (Eds.), Career transitions in sport: International perspective (pp. 45–58). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Alfermann, D., Stambulova, N., & Zemaityte, A. (2004). Reactions to sport career termination: A cross-national comparison of German, Lithuanian, and Russian athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5, 61–75. doi: 10.1016/S1469-0292(02)00050-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alspaugh, J.W. (1998). Achievement loss associated with the transition to middle school and high school. The Journal of Educational Research, 92, 20–25. doi: 10.1080/00220679809597572
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanchard, C.M., Amiot, C.E., Perreault, S., Vallerand, R.J., & Provencher, P. (2009). Cohesiveness, coach's interpersonal style and psychological needs: Their effects on self-determination and athletes’ subjective well-being. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10, 545–551. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.02.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blinde, E., & Stratta, T. (1992). The “sport career death” of college athletes: Involuntary and unanticipated sport exits. Journal of Sport Behavior, 15, 3–21.
   Google Scholar
• Brewer, B., Van Raalte, J., & Linder, D. (1993). Athletic identity: Hercules’ muscles or Achilles heel? International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24, 127–137.
   Google Scholar
• Brewer, B.W., Van Raalte, J.L., & Petitpas, A.J. (2000). Self-identity issues in sport career transitions. In D. Lavallee & P. Wylleman (Eds.), Career transitions in sport: International perspectives (pp. 29–43). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Bruner, M.W., Munroe-Chandler, K.J., & Spink, K.S. (2008). Entry into elite sport: A preliminary investigation into the transition experiences of rookie athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 20, 236–252. doi: 10.1080/10413200701867745
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crocker, P., & Graham, T. (1995). Coping by competitive athletes with performance stress: Gender differences and relationships with affect. The Sport Psychologist, 9, 325–338.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D.W., Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2010). New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research, 97, 143–156. doi: 10.1007/s11205-009-9493-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimoula, F., Torregrosa, M., Psychountaki, M., & Gonzalez Fernandez, M.D. (2013). Retiring from elite sports in Greece and Spain. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 16(38), 1–11. doi: 10.1017/sjp.2013.18
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erpič, S.C. (2001). Athletic identity and adjustment to sport career termination and to post-sport life among Slovenian athletes.
   Google Scholar
• Erpič, S.C., Wylleman, P., & Zupančič, M. (2004). The effect of athletic and non-athletic factors on the sports career termination process. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5, 45–59. doi: 10.1016/S1469-0292(02)00046-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forgeard, M.J., Jayawickreme, E., Kern, M.L., & Seligman, M.E. (2011). Doing the right thing: Measuring wellbeing for public policy. International Journal of Wellbeing, 1, 79–106.
   Google Scholar
• Grove, R., Lavallee, D., & Gordon, S. (1997). Coping with retirement from sport: The influence of athletic identity. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 9, 191–203. doi: 10.1080/10413209708406481
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haerle, R.K. (1975). Career patterns and career contingencies of professional baseball players: An occupational analysis. In D.W. Ball & J.W. Loy (Eds.), Sport and social order (pp. 461–519). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Hallden, O. (1965). The adjustment of athletes after retiring from sport. In F. Antonelli (Eds.), Proceedings of the first international congress of sport psychology (pp. 730–733). Rome, Italy: International Society of Sport Psychology.
   Google Scholar
• Henry, I. (2013). Athlete development, athlete rights and athlete welfare: A European Union perspective. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 30, 356–373. doi: 10.1080/09523367.2013.765721
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huppert, F.A., & So, T.T. (2013). Flourishing across Europe: Application of a new conceptual framework for defining well-being. Social Indicators Research, 110, 837–861.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr, G., & Dacyshyn, A. (2000). The retirement experiences of elite, female gymnasts. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 12, 115–133. doi: 10.1080/10413200008404218
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keyes, C.L. M. (2003). Complete mental health: An agenda for the 21st century. In C. L. M.
   Google Scholar
• Kleiber, D., & Brock, S. (1992). The effect of career-ending injuries on the subsequent well-being of elite college athletes. Sociology of Sport Journal, 9, 70–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavallee, D. (2005). The effect of a life development intervention on sports career transition adjustment. The Sport Psychologist, 19, 193–202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavallee, D., & Robinson, H. K. (2007). In pursuit of an identity: A qualitative exploration of retirement from women's artistic gymnastics. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8, 119–141.
   Google Scholar
• Lavallee, D., & Wylleman, P. (Eds.). (2000). Career transitions in sport: International perspectives. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Martin, L., Fogarty, G., & Albion, M. (2014). Changes in athletic identity and life satisfaction of elite athletes as a function of retirement status. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 26, 96–110. doi: 10.1080/10413200.2013.798371
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McPherson, B.D. (1980). Retirement from professional sport: The process and problems of occupational and psychological adjustment. In Sociological symposium (Vol. 30, pp. 126–143).
   Google Scholar
• Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D.G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 151, 264–269. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, S. (1995). Transitions in competitive sport: Maximizing individual potential. In S. Murphy (Ed.), Sport psychology interventions (pp. 334–346). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Palgi, Y., Shrira, A., Ben-Ezra, M., Cohen-Fridel, S., & Bodner, E. (2011). The relationships between daily optimism, daily pessimism, and affect differ in young and old age. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 1294–1299. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2011.02.030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson, R.E., & Petitpas, A.J. (1990). Transitions of athletes: Developmental and preventive perspectives. Journal of Counseling & Development, 69, 7–10. doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.1990.tb01445.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perna, F., & Ahlgren, R. (1999). The influence of career planning, race, and athletic injury on life satisfaction among recently retired collegiate male athletes. The Sport Psychologist, 13, 144–156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinboth, M., & Duda, J. (2006). Perceived motivational climate, need satisfaction and indices of well-being in team sports: A longitudinal perspective. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 7, 269–286. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2005.06.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, R.M., & Deci, E.L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samuel, R., & Tenenbaum, G. (2011). How do athletes perceive and respond to change-events: An exploratory measurement tool. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12, 392–406. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.03.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlossberg, N. (1981). A model for analyzing human adaptation to transition. The Counseling Psychologist, 9(2), 2–18. doi: 10.1177/001100008100900202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlossberg, N.K. (1984). Counseling adults in transition: Linking practice with theory. New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Sinclair, D., & Orlick, T. (1993). Positive transition from high-performance sport. The Sport Psychologist, 7, 138–150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• So, T.T. C., & Huppert, F.A. (2009, June). What percentage of people in Europe are flourishing and what characterises them. Poster presented at the First World Congress on Positive Psychology.
   Google Scholar
• Sosniak A. (2006). Retrospective interviews in the study of expertise and expert performance. In K.A. Ericsson, N. Charness, P.J. Feltovich, & R.R. Hoffman (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance (pp. 287–302). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stambulova, N., Stephan, Y., & Japhag, U. (2007). Athletic retirement: A cross-national comparison of elite French and Swedish athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8, 101–118. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.05.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephan, Y., Billard, J., Ninot, G., & Delignieres, D. (2003). Repercussions of transition out of elite sport on subjective well-being: A one-year study. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 15, 345–371. doi: 10.1080/714044202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, J., & Ogilvie, B.C. (1994). A conceptual model of adaptation to retirement among athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 6, 1–20. doi: 10.1080/10413209408406462
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, J., & Ogilvie, B.C. (1998). Career transition among elite athletes: Is there life after sports? In J.M. Williams (Eds.), Applied sport psychology: Personal growth to peak performance (pp. 429–444). Mountain View, CA: Mayfield.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, J., & Ogilvie, B.C. (2001). Career termination among athletes. In R.N. Singer, H.E. Hausenblas, & C.M. Janelle (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (pp. 672–691). New York, NY: Wiley
   Google Scholar
• Wheaton, B. (1990). Life transitions, role histories, and mental health. American Sociological Review, 55, 209–223.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wylleman, P., Alfermann, D., & Lavallee, D. (2004). Career transitions in sport: European perspectives. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5, 7–20. doi: 10.1016/S1469-0292(02)00049-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wylleman, P., De Knop, P., Menkehorst, H., Theeboom, M., & Annerel, J. (1993). Career termination and social integration among elite athletes. In S. Serpa, J. Alves, V. Ferreira, & A. Paula-Brito (Eds.), Proceedings of the VIII world congress of sport psychology (pp. 902–906). Lisbon, Portugal: International Society of Sport Psychology.
   Google Scholar
• Wylleman, P., & Lavallee, D. (2004). A developmental perspective on transitions faced by athletes. In M. Weiss (Ed.), Developmental sport and exercise psychology: A lifespan perspective (pp. 507–527). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Wylleman, P., Lavallee, D., & Theeboom, M. (2004). Successful athletic careers. In C. Spielberger (Ed.), Encyclopedia of applied psychology (pp. 511–518). San Diego, CA: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Wylleman, P., & Reints, A. (2010). A lifespan perspective on the career of talented and elite athletes: Perspectives on high-intensity sports. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20, 88–94. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01194.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar