6,335
Views
29
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Elite Athletes' Experience of Coping With Emotional Abuse in the Coach–Athlete Relationship

, &
Pages 402-417 | Received 04 Apr 2016, Accepted 19 Feb 2017, Published online: 28 Mar 2017

REFERENCES

  • Banyard, V. L., & Williams, L. M. (2007). Women's voices on recovery: A multi-method study of the complexity of recovery from child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31, 275–290.
  • Brackenridge, C. H., Bishopp, D., Moussalli, S., & Tapp, J. (2008). The characteristics of sexual abuse in sport: A multidimensional scaling analysis of events described in media. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 6, 385–406.
  • Brackenridge, C., Bringer, J., & Bishopp, D. (2005). Managing cases of abuse in sport. Child Abuse Review, 14, 259–274.
  • Brackenridge, C., & Fasting, K. (2005). The grooming process in sport: Case studies of sexual harassment and abuse. Auto-biography, 13, 33–52.
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77–101.
  • Bryant, L. A., & Clement, D. C. (2015). Coping strategies of female peer leaders participating in college club sports. Recreational Sports Journal, 39, 16–26.
  • Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 267–283.
  • Cense, M., & Brackenridge, C. (2001). Temporal and developmental risk factors for sexual harassment and abuse in sport. European Physical Education Review, 7, 61–79.
  • Collins, C. M., O'Neill-Arana, M. R., Aronson Fontes, L., & Ossege, J. M. (2014). Catholicism and childhood sexual abuse: Women's coping and psychotherapy. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 23, 519–537.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. London, UK: Sage.
  • Dias, C., Cruz, J. F., & Fonseca, A. M. (2012). The relationship between multidimensional competitive anxiety, cognitive threat appraisal, and coping strategies: A multi-sport study. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10, 52–65.
  • Fasting, K., Brackenridge, C. H., & Walseth K. (2007). Women athletes' personal responses to sexual harassment in sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19, 419–433.
  • Fasting, K., Chroni, S., Hervik, S. E., & Knorre, N. (2011). Sexual harassment in sport towards females in three European countries. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 46, 76–89.
  • Folkman, S. (1992). Making the case for coping. In B. N. Carpenter (Ed.), Personal coping: Theory, research and application (pp. 31–46). Westport, CT: Praeger.
  • Gervis, M., & Dunn, N. (2004). The emotional abuse of elite child athletes by their coaches. Child Abuse Review, 13, 215–223.
  • Grossman, F. K., Sorsoli, L., & Kia-Keating, M. (2006). A gale force wind: Meaning making by male survivors of childhood sexual abuse. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 4, 434–443.
  • Hartill, M. (2005). Sport and the sexually abused male child. Sport, Education and Society, 10, 287–304.
  • Hartill, M. (2009). The sexual abuse of boys in organized male sports. Men and Masculinities, 12, 225–249.
  • Harvey, J. H., Orbuch, T. L., & Weber, A. L. (1990). A social psychological model of account-making in response to severe stress. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 9, 191–207.
  • Hetzel-Riggin, M. D., & Meads, C. L. (2011). Childhood violence and adult partner maltreatment: The roles of coping style and psychological distress. Journal of Family Violence, 26, 585–593.
  • Hoar, S. D., & Evans, M. B. (2010). Athlete's coping across the lifespan. In A. R. Nicholls (Ed.), Coping in sport: Theory, methods, and related constructs (pp. 95–117). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science.
  • Holt, N. L., Berg, K. J., & Tamminen, K. (2007). Tales of the unexpected: Coping among female collegiate volleyball players. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 78, 117–132.
  • Holt, N. L., Hoar, S. D., & Fraser, S. N. (2005). How does coping change with development? A review of childhood adolescent sport coping research. European Journal of Sport Science, 5, 25–39.
  • Jacobs, F., Smits, F., & Knoppers, A. (2016). ‘You don't realize what you don't see!': The institutional context of emotional abuse in elite sport. Sport in Society, 20, 1–18.
  • Jones, I., Brown, L., & Holloway, I. (2013). Qualitative research in sport and physical activity. London, UK: Routledge.
  • Kavanagh, E. J. (2014). The dark side of sport: athlete narratives of maltreatment in high performance environments (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Bournemouth University, UK.
  • Kerr, G. (2010). Physical and emotional abuse of elite child athletes: The case of forced physical exertion. In C. H. Brackenridge & D. Rhind (Eds.), Elite child athlete welfare: International perspectives (pp. 41–50). West London, UK: Brunel University Press.
  • Kerr, G., & Stirling, A. E. (2012). Parents reflection on their child's experience of emotionally abusive coaching practices. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 24, 191–206.
  • Kim, M. S., & Duda, J. (2003). The coping process: Cognitive appraisals of stress, coping strategies and coping effectiveness. The Sport Psychologist, 17, 406–425.
  • Kirby, S., Greaves, L., & Hankvisky, O. (2000). The dome of silence: Sexual harassment and abuse in sport. Halifax, Canada: Fernwood.
  • Kristiansen, E., & Roberts, G. C. (2010). Young elite athletes and social support: Coping with competitive and organizational stress in “Olympic” competition. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 20, 686–695.
  • Lazarus, R. S. (1999). Stress and emotion: A new synthesis. New York, NY: Springer.
  • Lazarus, R. S. (2000). How emotions influence performance in competitive sports. The Sport Psychologist, 14, 229–252.
  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York, NY: Springer.
  • Merrill, L. L., Thomsen, C. J., Sinclair, B. B., Gold, S. R., & Milner, J. S. (2001). Predicting the impact of child sexual abuse on women: The role of abuse severity, parental support, and coping strategies. Journal of Counselling and Clinical Psychology, 69, 992–1006.
  • McDonough, M. H., Hadd, V., Crocker, P. R. E., Tamminen, K. A., & Schonert-Reichl, K. (2013). Stress and coping among adolescents across a competitive swim season. The Sport Psychologist, 27, 143–155.
  • Morrow, S. L., & Smith, M. L. (1995). Constructions of survival and coping by women who have survived childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42, 24–33.
  • Nicholas, M., Gaudreau, P., & Franche, V. (2011). Perception of coaching behaviours, coping, and achievement in a sport competition. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 33, 460–468.
  • Nicholls, A. R., Holt, N. L., Polman, R. C. J., & Bloomfield, J. (2006). Stressors, coping and coping effectiveness among professional rugby union players. The Sport Psychologist, 20, 314–329.
  • Nicholls, A. R., & Polman, R. C. J. (2007). Coping in sport: A systematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25, 11–31.
  • Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C. J., Morley, D., & Taylor, N. J. (2009). Coping and coping effectiveness in relation to a competitive sport event: Pubertal status, chronological age and gender among adolescent athletes. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 31, 299–317.
  • Nieuwenhuys, A., Hanin, Y. L., & Bakker, F. C. (2008). Performance-related experiences and coping during races: A case of an elite sailor. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 9, 61–76.
  • Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Papaefstathiou, M., Rhind, D., & Brackenridge, C. (2013). Child protection in ballet: Experiences and views of teachers, administrators and ballet students. Child Abuse Review, 22, 127–141.
  • Parent, S., & Demers, G. (2011). Sexual abuse in sport: A model to prevent and protect athletes. Child Abuse Review, 20, 120–133.
  • Phanichrat, T., & Townshend, J. M. (2010). Coping strategies used by survivors of childhood sexual abuse on the journey to recovery. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 19, 62–78.
  • Pike, E. C. J. (2010). The elite child athlete and injury risk. In C. H. Brackenridge & D. Rhind (Eds.), Elite child athlete welfare: International perspectives (pp. 51–59). West London, UK: Brunel University Press.
  • Pipher, M. (2002). Healing wisdom: The universals of human resilience. Psychotherapy Networker, 26, 59–61.
  • Poliseo, J. M., & McDonough, M. H. (2012). Coping effectiveness in competitive sport: Linking goodness of fit and coping outcomes. Sport, Exercise and Performance Psychology, 1, 106–119.
  • Rhind, D., McDermott, J., Lambert, E., & Koleva, I. (2014). A review of safeguarding cases in sport. Child Abuse Review, 24, 418–426.
  • Rodriguez, E. A., & Gill, D. L. (2011). Sexual harassment perceptions among Puerto Rican female former athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 9, 323–337.
  • Schwarzer, R., & Luszczynska, A. (2008). Reactive, anticipatory, preventative and reactive coping: A theoretical distinction. Prevention Researcher, 15, 22–24.
  • Stafford, A., Alexander, K., & Fry, D. (2013). Playing through pain: Children and young people's experiences of physical aggression and violence in sport. Child Abuse Review, 22, 287–299.
  • Stirling, A. E. (2013). Understanding the use of emotionally abusive coaching practices. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching, 8, 625–639.
  • Stirling, A. E., & Kerr, G. A. (2007). Elite female swimmers' experiences of emotional abuse across time. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 7, 89–113.
  • Stirling, A. E., & Kerr, G. A. (2008). Defining and categorizing emotional abuse in sport. European Journal of Sport Science, 8, 173–181.
  • Stirling, A. E., & Kerr, G. A. (2009). Abused athletes' perceptions of the coach athlete relationship. Sport in Society, 12, 227–239.
  • Stirling, A. E., & Kerr, G. A. (2013). The perceived effects of elite athletes' experiences of emotional abuse in the coach-athlete relationship. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11, 87–100.
  • Stirling, A. E., & Kerr, G. (2014). Initiating and sustaining emotional abuse in the coach-athlete relationship: An ecological and transactional model of vulnerability. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 23, 116–135.
  • Ullman, S. E., Peter-Hagene, L. C., & Relyea, M. (2014). Coping, emotion regulation, and self-blame as mediators of sexual abuse and psychological symptoms in adult sexual assault. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 23, 74–93.
  • Zanville, H. A., & Bennett Cattaneo, L. (2012). The nature of risk and its relationship to coping among survivors of intimate partner violence. Psychology of Violence, 2, 355–367.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.