2,108
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Sports coaches’ depression literacy, and engagement in prevention and early intervention behaviors: A moderated mediation analysis

, ORCID Icon, & ORCID Icon
Pages 755-774 | Received 22 Mar 2022, Accepted 16 Sep 2022, Published online: 12 Oct 2022

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fifth Edition. American Psychiatric Association.
  • Amsalem, D., & Martin, A. (2022). Reducing depression‐related stigma and increasing treatment seeking among adolescents: Randomized controlled trial of a brief video intervention. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63(2), 210–217.
  • Avenevoli, S., Swendsen, J., He, J.-P., Burstein, M., & Merikangas, K. R. (2015). Major depression in the national comorbidity survey–adolescent supplement: Prevalence, correlates, and treatment. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(1), 37–44. e32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.10.010
  • Bauman, N. J. (2016). The stigma of mental health in athletes: Are mental toughness and mental health seen as contradictory in elite sport? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(3), 135–136. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095570
  • Bird, M. D., Chow, G. M., & Cooper, B. T. (2020). Student-athletes’ mental health help-seeking experiences: A mixed methodological approach. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 34(1), 59–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/87568225.2018.1523699
  • Bird, M. D., Simons, E. E., & Jackman, P. C. (2021). Mental toughness, sport-related well-being, and mental health stigma among national collegiate athletic association division i student-athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 15(4), 306–322. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2020-0043
  • Bissett, J. E., Kroshus, E., & Hebard, S. (2020). Determining the role of sport coaches in promoting athlete mental health: A narrative review and Delphi approach. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 6(1), e000676.
  • Boerema, A., Zoonen, K. v., Cuijpers, P., Holtmaat, C., Mokkink, L., Griffiths, K. M., & Kleiboer, A. (2016). Psychometric properties of the Dutch Depression Stigma Scale (DSS) and associations with personal and perceived stigma in a depressed and community sample. PLoS One, 11(8), e0160740. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160740
  • Breslin, G., Shannon, S., Cummings, M., & Leavey, G. (2022). An updated systematic review of interventions to increase awareness of mental health and well-being in athletes, coaches, officials and parents. Systematic Reviews, 11(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-022-01932-5
  • Castelpietra, G., Knudsen, A. K. S., Agardh, E. E., Armocida, B., Beghi, M., Iburg, K. M., Logroscino, G., Ma, R., Starace, F., Steel, N., Addolorato, G., Andrei, C. L., Andrei, T., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Banach, M., Bärnighausen, T. W., Barone-Adesi, F., Bhagavathula, A. S., Carvalho, F., … Monasta, L. (2022). The burden of mental disorders, substance use disorders and self-harm among young people in Europe, 1990–2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet Regional Health. Europe, 16, 100341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100341
  • Chow, G. M., Bird, M. D., Gabana, N. T., Cooper, B. T., & Becker, M. A. S. (2021). A program to reduce stigma toward mental illness and promote mental health literacy and help-seeking in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 15(3), 185–205. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2019-0104
  • Clayborne, Z. M., Varin, M., & Colman, I. (2019). Systematic review and meta-analysis: Adolescent depression and long-term psychosocial outcomes. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(1), 72–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.07.896
  • Coles, M. E., Ravid, A., Gibb, B., George-Denn, D., Bronstein, L. R., & McLeod, S. (2016). Adolescent mental health literacy: Young people’s knowledge of depression and social anxiety disorder. Journal of Adolescent Health, 58(1), 57–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.09.017
  • Connell, L. E., Carey, R. N., de Bruin, M., Rothman, A. J., Johnston, M., Kelly, M. P., & Michie, S. (2019). Links between behavior change techniques and mechanisms of action: An expert consensus study. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 53(8), 708–720. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kay082
  • Cotton, S. M., Wright, A., Harris, M. G., Jorm, A. F., & McGorry, P. D. (2006). Influence of gender on mental health literacy in young Australians. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40(9), 790–796. https://doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01885.x
  • Donohue, B., & Phrathep, D. (2020). Mental health in sport. In M. Lang (Eds.), Routledge handbook of athlete welfare (pp. 141–152). Routledge.
  • Donohue, B., Dickens, Y., Lancer, K., Covassin, T., Hash, A., Miller, A., & Genet, J. (2004). Improving athletes’ perspectives of sport psychology consultation: A controlled evaluation of two interview methods. Behavior Modification, 28(2), 182–193. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445503259399
  • Dooley, B. A., Fitzgerald, A., & O’Reilly, A. (2019). My world survey 2: National study of youth mental health in Ireland. Jigsaw and UCD School of Psychology.
  • Duffy, J., Rooney, B., & Matthews, J. (2021). Coaches’ mental health literacy and role perceptions for supporting young people’s mental health. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 33(1), 45–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2019.1646840
  • Explained. (2020). Eurostat statistics explained mental health and related issues statistics https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Mental_health_and_related_issues_statistics
  • Ferguson, H. L., Swann, C., Liddle, S. K., & Vella, S. A. (2019). Investigating youth sports coaches’ perceptions of their role in adolescent mental health. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 31(2), 235–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2018.1466839
  • Galinsky, A. D., & Ku, G. (2004). The effects of perspective-taking on prejudice: The moderating role of self-evaluation. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(5), 594–604.
  • GBD 2019 Mental Disorders Collaborators. (2022). Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet Psychiatry, 9(2), 137–150.
  • Gorczynski, P. F., Coyle, M., & Gibson, K. (2017). Depressive symptoms in high performance athletes and non-athletes: A comparative meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(18), 1348–1354. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096455
  • Gorczynski, P., Currie, A., Gibson, K., Gouttebarge, V., Hainline, B., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Mountjoy, M., Purcell, R., Reardon, C. L., Rice, S., & Swartz, L. (2021). Developing mental health literacy and cultural competence in elite sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 33(4), 387–401. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2020.1720045
  • Gorczynski, P., Gibson, K., Clarke, N., Mensah, T., & Summers, R. (2020). Examining mental health literacy, help-seeking behaviours, distress, and wellbeing in UK coaches. European Physical Education Review, 26(3), 713–726. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X19887772
  • Graupensperger, S., Sutcliffe, J., & Vella, S. A. (2021). Prospective associations between sport participation and indices of mental health across adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 50(7), 1450–1463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01416-0
  • Griffiths, K. M., Christensen, H., Jorm, A. F., Evans, K., & Groves, C. (2004). Effect of web-based depression literacy and cognitive–behavioural therapy interventions on stigmatising attitudes to depression: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 185(4), 342–349.
  • Gulliver, A., Griffiths, K. M., Christensen, H., Mackinnon, A., Calear, A. L., Parsons, A., Bennett, K., Batterham, P. J., & Stanimirovic, R. (2012). Internet-based interventions to promote mental health help-seeking in elite athletes: An exploratory randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 14(3), e69. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1864
  • Hansen, P., & Mulholland, J. A. (2005). Caring and elementary teaching: The concerns of male beginning teachers. Journal of Teacher Education, 56(2), 119–131. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487104273761
  • Hawton, K., I Comabella, C. C., Haw, C., & Saunders, K. (2013). Risk factors for suicide in individuals with depression: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 147(1–3), 17–28.
  • Hu, L. t., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling , 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Hurley, D., Allen, M. S., Swann, C., Okely, A. D., & Vella, S. A. (2018). The development, pilot, and process evaluation of a parent mental health literacy intervention through community sports clubs. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(7), 2149–2160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1071-y
  • Hyland, P., Shevlin, M., Murphy, J., McBride, O., Fox, R., Bondjers, K., Karatzias, T., Bentall, R. P., Martinez, A., & Vallières, F. (2021). A longitudinal assessment of depression and anxiety in the Republic of Ireland before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Research, 300, 113905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113905
  • Jorm, A. F., Korten, A. E., Jacomb, P. A., Christensen, H., Rodgers, B., & Pollitt, P. (1997). Mental health literacy: A survey of the public’s ability to recognise mental disorders and their beliefs about the effectiveness of treatment. The Medical Journal of Australia, 166(4), 182–186.
  • Kelly, M. P., & Barker, M. (2016). Why is changing health-related behaviour so difficult? Public Health, 136, 109–116.
  • Kern, A., Heininger, W., Klueh, E., Salazar, S., Hansen, B., Meyer, T., & Eisenberg, D. (2017). Athletes connected: Results from a pilot project to address knowledge and attitudes about mental health among college student-athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 11(4), 324–336. https://doi.org/10.1123/JCSP.2016-0028
  • Kiropoulos, L. A., Griffiths, K. M., & Blashki, G. (2011). Effects of a multilingual information website intervention on the levels of depression literacy and depression-related stigma in Greek-born and Italian-born immigrants living in Australia: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 13(2), e34. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1527
  • Kroshus, E. (2017). Stigma, coping skills, and psychological help seeking among collegiate athletes. Athletic Training & Sports Health Care, 9(6), 254–262. https://doi.org/10.3928/19425864-20171010-02
  • Kroshus, E., Chrisman, S. P. D., Coppel, D., & Herring, S. (2019). Coach support of high school student-athletes struggling with anxiety or depression. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 13(3), 390–404. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2018-0004
  • Kroshus, E., Wagner, J., Wyrick, D. L., & Hainline, B. (2019). Pre-post evaluation of the “Supporting Student-Athlete Mental Wellness” module for college coaches. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 13(4), 668–685. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2018-0082
  • Lefebvre, J. S., Henderson, S., Salomie, A., Heath, N. L., & Bloom, G. A. (2022). A mixed-methods examination of a mental health awareness program in elite ice hockey. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2022, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2022.2066705
  • Liddle, S. K., Vella, S. A., & Deane, F. P. (2021). Attitudes about mental illness and help seeking among adolescent males. Psychiatry Research, 301, 113965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113965
  • Marsh, H. W., Hau, K.-T., & Grayson, D. (2005). Goodness of fit in structural equation models. In A. Maydeu-Olivares & J. J. McArdle (Eds.), Contemporary psychometrics: A festschrift for Roderick P. McDonald (pp. 275–340). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Mazzer, K. R., & Rickwood, D. J. (2013). Community-based roles promoting youth mental health: Comparing the roles of teachers and coaches in promotion, prevention and early intervention. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 15(1), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623730.2013.781870
  • Mazzer, K. R., & Rickwood, D. J. (2015). Teachers’ and coaches’ role perceptions for supporting young people’s mental health: Multiple group path analyses. Australian Journal of Psychology, 67(1), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajpy.12055
  • McAllister, D. J., Kamdar, D., Morrison, E. W., & Turban, D. B. (2007). Disentangling role perceptions: How perceived role breadth, discretion, instrumentality, and efficacy relate to helping and taking charge. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(5), 1200–1211. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.5.1200
  • Miller, L., Musci, R., D’Agati, D., Alfes, C., Beaudry, M. B., Swartz, K., & Wilcox, H. (2019). Teacher mental health literacy is associated with student literacy in the adolescent depression awareness program. School Mental Health, 11(2), 357–363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-018-9281-4
  • Monteith, L. L., & Pettit, J. W. (2011). Implicit and explicit stigmatizing attitudes and stereotypes about depression. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 30(5), 484–505. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2011.30.5.484
  • Moreno-Agostino, D., Wu, Y.-T., Daskalopoulou, C., Hasan, M. T., Huisman, M., & Prina, M. (2021). Global trends in the prevalence and incidence of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 281, 235–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.035
  • Nearchou, F. A., Bird, N., Costello, A., Duggan, S., Gilroy, J., Long, R., McHugh, L., & Hennessy, E. (2018). Personal and perceived public mental-health stigma as predictors of help-seeking intentions in adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 66(1), 83–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.05.003
  • Ní Chorcora, E., & Swords, L. (2021). Mental health literacy and help-giving responses of Irish primary school teachers. Irish Educational Studies, 2021, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2021.1899029
  • Noar, S. M., Benac, C. N., & Harris, M. S. (2007). Does tailoring matter? Meta-analytic review of tailored print health behavior change interventions. Psychological Bulletin, 133(4), 673–693. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.4.673
  • O’Connor, M., & Casey, L. (2015). The Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS): A new scale-based measure of mental health literacy. Psychiatry Research, 229(1–2), 511–516.
  • Oftadeh-Moghadam, S., & Gorczynski, P. (2021). Mental health literacy, help-seeking, and mental health outcomes in women rugby players. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 1(aop), 1–10.
  • Otterbein, M., Aron, C. M., & Gorczynski, P. (2021). The role of coaches, institutions, and clinicians in addressing athlete mental health. Journal of Emerging Sport Studies, 6(1), 2562–3184.
  • Panza, M. J., Graupensperger, S., Agans, J. P., Doré, I., Vella, S. A., & Evans, M. B. (2020). Adolescent sport participation and symptoms of anxiety and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 42(3), 201–218. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2019-0235
  • Patafio, B., Miller, P., Baldwin, R., Taylor, N., & Hyder, S. (2021). A systematic mapping review of interventions to improve adolescent mental health literacy, attitudes and behaviours. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 15(6), 1470–1501.
  • Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891. https://doi.org/10.3758/brm.40.3.879
  • Purcell, R., Pilkington, V., Carberry, S., Reid, D., Gwyther, K., Hall, K., Deacon, A., Manon, R., Walton, C. C., & Rice, S. (2022). An evidence-informed framework to promote mental wellbeing in elite sport. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 780359–780359. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.780359
  • Schreiber, J. B., Nora, A., Stage, F. K., Barlow, E. A., & King, J. (2006). Reporting structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis results: A review. The Journal of Educational Research, 99(6), 323–338. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOER.99.6.323-338
  • Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7(4), 422–445. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.7.4.422
  • Simons, E. E., & Bird, M. D. (2022). Coach-athlete relationship, social support, and sport-related psychological well-being in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes. Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education, 2022, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/19357397.2022.2060703
  • Singh, S., Zaki, R. A., & Farid, N. D. N. (2019). A systematic review of depression literacy: Knowledge, help-seeking and stigmatising attitudes among adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 74, 154–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.06.004
  • Solmi, M., Radua, J., Olivola, M., Croce, E., Soardo, L., Salazar de Pablo, G., Il Shin, J., Kirkbride, J. B., Jones, P., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. Y., Carvalho, A. F., Seeman, M. V., Correll, C. U., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2022). Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: Large-scale meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies. Molecular Psychiatry, 27(1), 281–295.
  • Sullivan, P., & Tennant, L. (2021). Mental health literacy and confidence in a sample of student athletic therapists. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 2021, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2021-0005
  • Sullivan, P., Murphy, J., & Blacker, M. (2019). The level of mental health literacy among athletic staff in intercollegiate sport. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 13(3), 440–450. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2018-0052
  • Sutcliffe, J. T., Graupensperger, S., Schweickle, M. J., Rice, S. M., Swann, C., & Vella, S. A. (2021). Mental health interventions in non-elite sport: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2021, 1–24.
  • Tabet, S. M., Lambie, G. W., & Golubovic, N. (2021). An investigation of college student-athletes’ mental health stigma, help-seeking attitudes, depression, anxiety, and life stress scores using structural equation modeling. Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education, 15(3), 245–267. https://doi.org/10.1080/19357397.2021.1924562
  • Tremblay, M., Perez, A. J., Rasquinha, A. M., Avis, J. L. S., Morrison, K. M., Chanoine, J.-P., Legault, L., Holt, N. L., Gokiert, R., Sharma, A. M., & Ball, G. D. C. (2016). Recommendations from parents to improve health services for managing pediatric obesity in Canada. Academic Pediatrics, 16(6), 587–593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2016.05.144
  • Vella, S. A., Swann, C., & Tamminen, K. A. (2021). Reflections on the field of mental health in sport: Critical issues and ways of moving forward. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 33(1), 123–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2020.1854898
  • Vella, S. A., Swann, C., Batterham, M., Boydell, K. M., Eckermann, S., Ferguson, H., Fogarty, A., Hurley, D., Liddle, S. K., Lonsdale, C., Miller, A., Noetel, M., Okely, A. D., Sanders, T., Schweickle, M. J., Telenta, J., & Deane, F. P. (2021). An intervention for mental health literacy and resilience in organized sports. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 53(1), 139–149.
  • Vogel, D. L., Wade, N. G., & Haake, S. (2006). Measuring the self-stigma associated with seeking psychological help. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(3), 325–337. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.3.325
  • Woods, C. B., Powell, C., Saunders, J. A., O’Brien, W., Murphy, M. H., Duff, C., Farmer, O., Johnston, A., Connolly, S., & Belton, S. (2018). The children’s sport participation and physical activity study 2018 (CSPPA 2018). Department of physical education and sport sciences. University of Limerick.