1,847
Views
38
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Broken Clubs and Expletives: The Sources of Stress and Coping Responses of Skilled and Moderately Skilled Golfers

, &
Pages 166-182 | Received 01 May 2002, Accepted 01 Apr 2003, Published online: 17 Aug 2010

REFERENCES

  • Anshel , M. H. , Kim , K. W. , Kim , B. H. , Chang , K. J. and Eom , H. J. 2001 . A model for coping with stressful events in sport: Theory, application, and future directions . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 32 : 43 – 75 .
  • Aspinwall , L. G. and Taylor , S. E. 1993 . Effects in social comparison direction, threat, and self-esteem on affect, self-evaluation, and expected success . Journal of Personality & Social Psychology , 64 : 708 – 722 .
  • Beauchamp , P. H. , Halliwell , W. R. , Fournier , J. F. and Koestner , R. 1996 . Effects of cognitive-behavioral psychological skills training on the motivation, preparation, and putting performance of novice golfers . The Sport Psychologist , 10 : 157 – 170 .
  • Bianco , T. and Eklund , R. C. 2001 . Conceptual considerations for social support research in sport and exercise settings: The case of sport injury . Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 23 : 85 – 107 .
  • Charmaz , K. 1990 . Discovering chronic illness: Using grounded theory . Social Science and Medicine , 30 : 1161 – 1172 .
  • Charmaz , K. 2000 . “ Grounded theory: Objectivist and constructivist methods ” . In Handbook of qualitative research. , Edited by: Denzin , N. K. and Lincoln , Y. S. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Cohn , P. J. 1990 . An exploratory study on sources of stress and athlete burnout in youth golf . The Sport Psychologist , 4 : 95 – 106 .
  • Côté , J. , Salmela , J. H. , Baria , A. and Russell , S. J. 1993 . Organizing and interpreting unstructured qualitative data . The Sport Psychologist , 7 : 127 – 137 .
  • Crocker , P. R. E. and Graham , T. R. 1995 . Coping by competitive athletes with performance stress: Gender differences and relationship with affect . The Sport Psychologist , 9 : 325 – 338 .
  • Dale , G. A. 1996 . Existential phenomenology: Emphasizing the experience of the athlete in sport psychology research . The Sport Psychologist , 10 : 307 – 321 .
  • Dale , G. A. 2000 . Distractions and coping strategies of elite decathletes during their most memorable performances . The Sport Psychologist , 14 : 17 – 41 .
  • Folkman , S. 1992 . “ Making the case for coping ” . In Personal coping: Theory, research, and application , Edited by: Carpenter , B. N. Westport, CT : Praeger .
  • Fontana , A. and Frey , J. H. 2000 . “ The Interview: From structured questions to negotiated text ” . In Handbook of qualitative research , Edited by: Denzin , N. K. and Lincoln , Y. S. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Giacobbi , P. R. Jr. and Weinberg , R. S. 2000 . An examination of coping in sport: Individual trait anxiety differences and situational consistency . Sport Psychologist , 14 : 42 – 62 .
  • Gould , D. , Eklund , R. C. and Jackson , S. A. 1992 . 1988 U.S. Olympic wrestling excellence II: Thoughts and affect during competition . The Sport Psychologist , 6 : 383 – 402 .
  • Gould , D. , Jackson , S. A. and Finch , L. M. 1993 . Coping strategies used by national champion figure skaters . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 64 : 453 – 468 .
  • Hammermeister , J. and Burton , D. 2001 . Stress, appraisal, and coping revisited: Examining the antecedents of competitive state anxiety with endurance athletes . The Sport Psychologist , 15 : 66 – 90 .
  • Hill , K. L. 2001 . Frameworks for sport psychologists: Enhancing sport performance , Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
  • James , B. and Collins , D. 1997 . Self-presentational sources of competitive stress during performance . Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 19 : 17 – 35 .
  • Kirshenbaum , D. S. , Owens , D. and O'Connor , E. A. 1998 . Smart golf: Preliminary evaluation of a simple, yet comprehensive, approach to improving and scoring the mental game . The Sport Psychologist , 12 : 271 – 282 .
  • Krohne , H. W. and Hindel , C. 1988 . Trait-anxiety, state anxiety, and coping behaviors as predictors of athletic performance . Anxiety Research , 1 : 225 – 234 .
  • Lazarus , R. S. 1999 . Stress and emotion: A new synthesis , New York : Springer .
  • Lazarus , R. S. 2000 . Toward better research on stress and coping . American Psychologist , 55 : 665 – 673 .
  • Lincoln , Y. S. and Guba , E. G. 1985 . Naturalistic inquiry , Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
  • Madden , C. C. , Kirby , R. J. and Donald , D. 1989 . Coping styles of competitive middle distance runners . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 20 : 287 – 296 .
  • National Golf Foundation . 2002 . Frequently asked questions Retrieved June 6, 2002, from
  • Ravizza , K. 2001 . “ Increasing awareness for sport performance ” . In Applied sport psychology: Personal growth to peak performance , Edited by: Williams , J. M. Mountain View, CA : Mayfield .
  • Rotella , B. 1995 . Golf is not a game of perfect , New York : Simon & Schuster .
  • Scanlan , T. K. , Stein , G. L. and Ravizza , K. 1991 . An in-depth study of former elite figure skaters: III. Sources of stress . Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 13 : 103 – 120 .
  • Scheier , M. F. and Carver , C. S. 1993 . On the power of positive thinking: The benefits of being optimistic . Current Directions in Psychological Science , 2 : 26 – 30 .
  • Sparkes , A. C. 1998 . Validity in qualitative inquiry and the problem of criteria: Implications for sport psychology . The Sport Psychologist , 12 : 363 – 386 .
  • Strauss , A. and Corbin , J. 1990 . Basics of qualitative research , Newburry Park, CA : Sage .
  • Thomas , P. R. and Fogarty , G. J. 1997 . Psychological skills training in golf: The role of individual differences in cognitive preference . The Sport Psychologist , 11 : 86 – 106 .
  • Watson , D. and Hubbard , B. 1996 . Adaptational style and dispositional structure: Coping in the context of the five-factor model . Journal of Personality , 64 : 737 – 774 .
  • Weiss , M. R. 1998 . “Passionate collaboration”: Reflections on the directions of applied sport psychology in the coming millennium . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 10 : S11 – S24. .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.