Sources and Types of Confidence Identified by World Class Sport Performers

REFERENCES

• Bandura , A. 1977 . Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behaviour change . Psychological Review , 84 : 191 – 215 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura , A. 1990 . Perceived self-efficacy in the exercise of personal agency . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 2 : 128 – 163 .
   Google Scholar
• Bandura , A. 1997 . Self-efficacy: The exercise of control , New York : Freeman .
   Google Scholar
• Bandura , A. and Jourden , F. J. 1991 . Self-regulatory mechanisms governing the impact of social comparison on complex decision making . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 60 : 941 – 951 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biddle , S. J. H. , Markland , D. , Gilbourne , D. , Chatzisarantis , N. L. D. and Sparkes , A. C. 2001 . Research methods in sport and exercise psychology: Quantitative and qualitative issues . Journal of Sports Sciences , 19 : 777 – 809 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chelladurai , P. and Saleh , S. 1978 . Preferred leadership in sports . Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences , 3 : 85 – 92 .
   Google Scholar
• Duda , J. L. 1986 . “ A cross-cultural analysis of achievement motivation in sport and the classroom ” . In Psychology and sociology in sport: Current selected research , Edited by: derVan Velden , L. and Humphrey , J. 115 – 134 . New York : AMS Press .
   Google Scholar
• Durand-Bush , N. and Salmela , J. H. 2002 . The development and maintenance of expert athletic performance: Perceptions of World and Olympic champions . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 14 : 154 – 171 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezzy , D. 2002 . Qualitative Analysis Practice and Innovation , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Fletcher , D. , Hanton , S. and Mellalieu , S. D. 2006 . “ An organizational stress review: Conceptual and theoretical issues in competitive sport ” . In Literature Reviews in Sport Psychology , Edited by: Hanton , S. and Mellalieu , S. D. 1 – 45 . Hauppauge, NY : Nova Science .
   Google Scholar
• Gill , D. L. 1988 . Gender differences in competitive orientation and sport participation . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 19 : 145 – 159 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill , D. L. 1992 . “ Gender and sport behavior ” . In Advances in sport psychology , Edited by: Horn , T. S. 143 – 161 . Champaign, , IL : Human Kinetics .
   Google Scholar
• Gill , D. L. 1993 . “ Competitiveness and competitive orientation in sport ” . In Handbook of Research on Sport Psychology , Edited by: Singer , R. N. , Murphy , M. and Tennant , L. K. 314 – 327 . New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Gould , D. , Dieffenbach , K. and Moffett , A. 2002 . Psychological characteristics and their development in Olympic champions . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 14 : 172 – 204 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gould , D. , Guinan , D. , Greenleaf , C. , Medbery , R. and Peterson , K. 1999 . Factors affecting Olympic performance: Perceptions of athletes and coaches from more and less successful teams . The Sport Psychologist , 13 : 371 – 394 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenleaf , C. , Gould , D. and Dieffenbach , K. 2001 . Factors influencing Olympic performance: Interviews with Atlanta and Negano US Olympians . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13 , : 154 – 184 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffith , C. R. 1925 . Psychology and its relation to athletic competition . American Physical Education Review , 30 : 193 – 199 .
   Google Scholar
• Hanton , S. and Connaughton , D. 2002 . Perceived control and its relationship to self- confidence and performance: A qualitative enquiry . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 73 : 87 – 97 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanton , S. and Jones , G. 1999 . The acquisition and development of cognitive skills and strategies: I Making the butterflies fly in formation . The Sport Psychologist , 13 : 1 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy , L. , Jones , G. and Gould , D. 2001 . Understanding psychological preparation for sport: Theory and practice of elite performers , Chichester : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Hindley , C. B. 1979 . “ Problems of interviewing in obtaining retrospective information ” . In The Recall Method in Social Surveys , Edited by: Moss , L. and Goldstein , H. 100 – 108 . London : University of London Institute of Education .
   Google Scholar
• Hofstetter , C. R. , Sallis , J. F. and Hovell , M. F. 1990 . Some health dimensions of self-efficacy: Analysis of theoretical specificity . Social Science Medicine , 31 : 1051 – 1056 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , G. J. and Cale , A. 1989 . Precompetition temporal patterning of anxiety and self-confidence in males and females . Journal of Sport Behaviour , 12 : 183 – 195 .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , G. and Hanton , S. 2001 . Pre-competitive feeling states and directional anxiety interpretations . Journal of Sports Sciences , 19 : 385 – 395 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , G. , Hanton , S. and Connaughton , D. 2002 . What is this thing called mental toughness? An investigation of elite sport performers . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 14 : 205 – 218 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , G. , Hanton , S. and Swain , A. B. J. 1994 . Intensity and interpretation of anxiety symptoms in elite and non-elite sports performers . Personality and Individual Differences , 17 : 657 – 663 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , G. , Swain , A. B. J. and Cale , A. 1991 . Gender differences in precompetition temporal patterning and antecedents of anxiety and self-confidence . Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 13 : 1 – 15 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krane , V. and Williams , J. M. 1994 . Cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and confidence in track and field athletes: The impact of gender, competitive level and task characteristics . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 25 : 203 – 217 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lirgg , C. D. 1991 . Gender differences in self-confidence in physical activity: A meta-analysis of recent studies . Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 13 : 294 – 310 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lirgg , C. D. , George , T. R. , Chase , M. A. and Ferguson , R. H. 1996 . Impact of conception of ability and sex-type of task on male and female self-efficacy . Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 18 : 426 – 434 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maddux , J. E. and Gosselin , J. T. 2003 . “ Self-efficacy ” . In Handbook of Self and Identity , Edited by: Leary , M. R. and Tangney , J. P. 218 – 238 . New York : The Guildford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Maddux , J. E. and Lewis , J. 1995 . “ Self-efficacy and adjustment: Basic principles and issues ” . In Self-Efficacy, Adaptation, and Adjustment: Theory, Research and Application , Edited by: Maddux , J. E. 37 – 68 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Miles , M. B. and Huberman , A. M. 1994 . Qualitative Data Analysis , 2nd , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Morse , J. M. and Richards , L. 2002 . Readme First for a Users Guide to Qualitative Methods , California, , USA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Moss , L. 1979 . “ Overview ” . In The Recall Method in Social Surveys , Edited by: Moss , L. and Goldstein , H. 159 – 169 . London : University of London Institute of Education .
   Google Scholar
• Orlick , T. and Partington , J. 1988 . Mental links to excellence . The Sport Psychologist , 2 : 105 – 130 .
   Google Scholar
• Patton , M. Q. 2002 . Qualitative research and evaluation methods , 2nd , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Pensgaard , A. M. and Roberts , G. C. 2003 . Achievement goal orientations and the use of coping strategies among winter Olympians . Psychology of Sport and Exercise , 4 : 101 – 116 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparkes , A. C. 1998 . Validity in qualitative enquiry and the problem of criteria: Implications for sport psychology . The Sport Psychologist , 12 : 363 – 386 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terry , P. 1984 . The coaching preferences of elite athletes competing at Universiade'83 . Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences , 9 : 201 – 208 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thomas , O. , Hanton , S. and Maynard , I. W. 2007 . Anxiety responses and psychological skill use during the time leading up to competition: Theory to practice I . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 19 : 379 – 397 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vargas-Tonsing , T. M. and Bartholomew , J. B. 2006 . An exploratory study of the effects of pregame speeches on team on team efficacy beliefs . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 36 : 918 – 933 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vealey , R. S. 1986 . Conceptualization of sport-confidence and competitive orientation: Preliminary investigation and instrument development . Journal of Sport Psychology , 8 : 221 – 246 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vealey , R. S. 2001 . “ Understanding and enhancing self-confidence in athletes ” . In Handbook of sport psychology , Edited by: Singer , R. N. , Hausenblas , H. A. and Janelle , C. M. 550 – 565 . New York : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Vealey , R. S. , Hayashi , S. W. , Garner-Holman , M. and Giacobbi , P. 1998 . Sources of sport-confidence: Conceptualization and instrument development . Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology , 21 : 54 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White , S. A. and Duda , J. L. 1994 . The relationship of gender, level of sport involvement, and participation motivation to task and ego orientation . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 25 : 4 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , R. C. , Sullivan , P. J. , Myers , N. D. and Feltz , D. 2004 . Sources of sport confidence of master athletes . Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 26 : 369 – 384 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood , R. E. and Bandura , A. 1989 . Social cognitive theory of organizational management . Academy of Management Review , 14 : 361 – 384 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar