Place but not Date of Birth Influences the Development and Emergence of Athletic Talent in American Football

References

• Abbott , A. and Collins , D. 2004 . Eliminating the dichotomy between theory and practice in talent identification and development: considering the role of psychology . Journal of Sports Sciences , 22 : 395 – 408 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abernethy , B. and Farrow , D. 2005 . “ Contextual factors influencing the development of expertise in Australian athletes ” . In Proceedings of the ISSP 11th World Congress of Sport Psychology [CD] , Sydney : International Society of Sport Psychology .
   Google Scholar
• Baker , J. , Côté , J. and Abernethy , B. 2003 . Sport specific training, deliberate practice and the development of expertise in team ball sports . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 15 : 12 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , J. and Logan , A. J. 2007 . Developmental contexts in sporting success: birth date and birthplace effects in national hockey league draftees 2000–2005 . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 41 : 515 – 517 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bale , J. 2003 . Sport geography 2nd ed. , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Bandura , A. 1977 . Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change . Psychological Review , 84 : 191 – 215 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnsley , R. H. and Thompson , A. H. 1988 . Birthdate and success in minor hockey: The key to the NHL . Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science , 20 : 167 – 176 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnsley , R. H. , Thompson , A. H. and Legault , P. 1992 . Family planning: football style—The relative age effect in football . International Review for the Sociology of Sport , 27 ( 1 ) : 77 – 88 .
   Google Scholar
• Baxter-Jones , A. D. G. 1995 . Growth and development of young athletes: Should competition levels be age related? . Sports Medicine , 20 : 59 – 64 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baxter-Jones , A. D. G. and Helms , P. 1996 . Effects of training at a young age: A review of the training of young athletes (TOYA) study . Pediatric Exercise Science , 8 : 310 – 327 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell , J. and Daniels , S. 1990 . Are summer-born children disadvantaged? The birthdate effect in education . Oxford Review of Education , 16 ( 1 ) : 67 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson , R. C. 1988 . The socialization of elite tennis players in Sweden: An analysis of the players’ backgrounds and development . Sociology of Sport Journal , 5 : 241 – 256 .
   Google Scholar
• Chanal , J. P. , Marsh , H. W. , Sarrazin , P. G. and Bois , J. E. 2005 . Big-Fish-Little-Pond effects on gymnastics self-concept: Social comparison processes in a physical setting . Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 27 : 53 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. 1988 . Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences 2nd ed. , Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Earlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Côté , J. , Baker , J. and Abernethy , B. 2003 . “ From play to practice: A developmental framework for the acquisition of expertise in team sport ” . In Expert performance in sports: Advances in research on sport expertise , Edited by: Starkes , J. and Ericsson , K.A. 89 – 110 . Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
   Google Scholar
• Côté , J. , Baker , J. and Abernethy , B. 2007 . “ Practice and play in the development of sport expertise ” . In Handbook of sport psychology 3rd ed. , Edited by: Tenenbaum , G. and Eklund , R. C. 184 – 202 . Hoboken, NJ : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Côté , J. , MacDonald , D. J. , Baker , J. and Abernethy , B. 2006 . When “where” is more important than “when”: Birthplace and birthdate effects on the achievement of sporting expertise . Journal of Sports Sciences , 24 : 1065 – 1073 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curtis , J. E. and Birch , J. S. 1987 . Size of community of origin and recruitment to professional and Olympic hockey in North America . Sociology of Sport Journal , 4 : 229 – 244 .
   Google Scholar
• Daniel , T. E. and Janssen , C. T. L. 1987 . More on the relative age effect . Canadian Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation Journal , 53 : 21 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Dudink , A. 1994 . Birthdate and sporting success . Nature , 368 : 592
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eccles , J. and Harold , R. 1996 . “ Family involvement in children's and adolescent's schooling ” . In Family-school links: How do they affect educational outcomes , Edited by: Booth , A. and Dunn , J. 3 – 34 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Edwards , S. 1994 . Born too late to win? . Nature , 370 : 186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elgar , F. J. , Arlett , C. and Groves , R. 2003 . Stress, coping, and behavioural problems among rural and urban adolescents . Journal of Adolescence , 26 : 574 – 585 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gould , D. , Dieffenbach , K. and Moffett , A. 2002 . Psychological characteristics and their development in Olympic champions . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 14 : 172 – 204 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grondin , S. and Koren , S. 2000 . The relative age effect in professional baseball: A look at the history of Major League Baseball and at current status in Japan . Avante , 6 : 64 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Grondin , S. , Deshaies , P. and Nault , L. P. 1984 . Trimestres de naissance et participation au hockey et au volleyball. [Birth-quarters and participation in hockey and volleyball] . La Revue Québecoise de l'Activité Physique , 2 : 97 – 103 .
   Google Scholar
• Helsen , W. F. , Hodges , N. J. , Van Winckel , J. and Starkes , J. L. 2000 . The roles of talent, physical precocity and practice in the development of soccer expertise . Journal of Sports Sciences , 18 : 727 – 736 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helsen , W. F. , Starkes , J. L. and Van Winckel , J. 1998 . The influence of the relative age on success and dropout in male soccer players . American Journal of Human Biology , 10 : 791 – 798 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyttä , M. 2002 . Affordances of children's environments in the context of cities, small towns, suburbs, and rural villages in Finland and Belarus . Journal of Environmental Psychology , 22 : 109 – 123 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald , D. J. , King , J. , Côté , J. and Abernethy , B. in press . Birthplace effects on the development of female athletic talent . Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport , doi: 10.1016./j.jsams.2007.05.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh , H. W. 1987 . The big fish, little pond effect on academic self-concept . Journal of Educational Psychology , 79 : 280 – 295 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martindale , R. J. J. , Collins , D. and Daubney , J. 2005 . Talent identification: A guide for practice and research within sport . Quest , 57 : 353 – 375 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musch , J. and Grondin , S. 2001 . Unequal competition as an impediment to personal development: A review of the relative age effect . Developmental Review , 21 : 147 – 167 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musch , J. and Hay , R. 1999 . The relative age effect in soccer: Cross-cultural evidence for a systematic discrimination against children born late in the competition year . Sociology of Sport Journal , 16 : 54 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Research Council and Institute of Medicine . 2002 . Community programs to promote community development , Washington, DC : National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pop Warner . 2005 . Ages and Weights Retrieved June 24, 2005, from http://www.popwarner.com/football/footballstructure.asp?lable=structure
   Google Scholar
• Pop Warner . 2006 . Pop Warner Football Retrieved November 23, 2006, from http://www.popwarner.com/football/pop.asp
   Google Scholar
• Press , W. H. , Flannery , B. P. , Teukolsky , S. A. and Vetterling , W. T. 1986 . Numerical recipes , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schachter , J. P. , Franklin , R. S. and Perry , M. J. 2003 . Migration and geographic mobility in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan America: 1995–2000. (Census 2000 special reports) , Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Commerce .
   Google Scholar
• Sherar , L. B. , Bruner , M. W. , Munroe-Chandler , K. J. and Baxter-Jones , A. D. G. 2007 . Relative age and fast tracking of elite major junior ice hockey players . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 104 : 702 – 706 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soberlak , P. and Côté , J. 2003 . The developmental activities of professional ice hockey players . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 15 : 41 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanaway , K. B. and Hines , T. M. 1995 . Lack of a season of birth effect among American athletes . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 81 : 952 – 954 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starkes , J. 2000 . The road to expertise: Is practice the only determinant? . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 31 : 431 – 451 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , A. H. , Barnsley , R. H. and Stebelsky , G. 1991 . “Born to play ball” The relative age effect and Major League Baseball . Sociology of Sport Journal , 8 : 146 – 151 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Census , U.S. 1981 . “ Base data source, Tables 1 and 10: Census of Population and Housing, 1980: Summary Tape File 1C [machine-readable data file] ” . Washington, DC : The Bureau .
   Google Scholar
• Vallerand , R. J. 2007 . “ Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport and physical activity ” . In Handbook of sport psychology 3rd ed. , Edited by: Tenenbaum , G. and Eklund , R.C. 59 – 83 . Hoboken, NJ : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Verhulst , J. 1992 . Seasonal birth distribution of west European soccer players: A possible explanation . Medical Hypotheses , 38 : 346 – 348 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar