145
Views
22
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

A Crisis-related Analysis of Perceived referees' behavior in competition

, , &
Pages 63-80 | Published online: 14 Jan 2008

References

  • Arezo , M. , Bucadelli , A. and Marongio , P. 1979 . A preliminary investigation of the authoritarian tendencies in a group of sport referees . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 10 : 42 – 51 .
  • Askins , R. , Carter , T. and Wood , M. 1981 . Rule enforcement in a public setting: The case of basketball officiating . Qualitative Sociology , 4 : 87 – 101 .
  • Bar-Eli , M. 1985 . Arousal-performance relationship: A transactional view on performance jags . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 16 : 193 – 209 .
  • Bar-Eli , M. , Taoz , E. , Levy-Kolker , N. and Tenenbaum , G. 1992 . Performance quality and behavioral violations as crisis indicators in competition . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 23 : 325 – 342 .
  • Bar-Eli , M. and Tenenbaum , G. 1988a . Time phases and the individual psychological crisis in sports competition: Theory and research findings . Journal of Sports Sciences , 6 : 141 – 149 .
  • Bar-Eli , M. and Tennebaum , G. 1988b . The interaction of individual psychological crisis and time phases in basketball . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 66 : 523 – 530 .
  • Bar-Eli , M. and Tenenbaum , G. 1988c . Rule and norm-related behavior and the individual psychological crisis in competitive situations: Theory and research findings . Social Behavior and Personality , 16 : 197 – 195 .
  • Bar-Eli , M. and Tenenbaum , G. 1989a . A theory of individual psychological crisis in competitive sport . Applied Psychology , 38 : 107 – 120 .
  • Bar-Eli , M. and Tenenbaum , G. 1989b . Game standings and psychological crisis in sport: Theory and research . Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences , 14 : 31 – 37 .
  • Bar-Eli , M. and Tenenbaum , G. 1989c . Observations of behavioral violations as crisis indicators in competition . The Sport Psychologist , 3 : 237 – 244 .
  • Bar-Eli , M. , Tenenbaum , G. and Elbaz , G. 1989 . pre-start susceptibility to psychological crises in competitive sport: Theory and research . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 20 : 13 – 30 .
  • Bar-Eli , M. , Tenenbaum , G. and Elbaz , G. 1990a . Psychological strain in competition: The role of time phases . Sportwissen-schaft , 20 : 182 – 191 .
  • Bar-Eli , M. , Tenenbaum , G. and Elbaz , G. 1990b . Psychological performance crisis in high arousal situations—Diagnosticity of rule violations and performance in competitive team-handball . Anxiety Research , 2 : 281 – 292 .
  • Bar-Eli , M. , Tenenbaum , G. and Elbaz , G. 1991 . A three-dimensional crisis-related analysis of perceived team performance . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 3 : 160 – 175 .
  • Bar-Eli , M. , Tenenbaum , G. and Levy-Kolker , N. 1992a . A three-dimensional crisis-related analysis of perceived teammates' behavior in competition . Journal of Sport Behavior , 15 : 179 – 200 .
  • Bar-Eli , M. , Tenenbaum , G. and Levy-Kolker , N. 1992b . A crisis-related analysis of perceived spectators' behavior in competition . Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences , 17 : 288 – 298 .
  • Bar-Eli , M. , Tenenbaum , G. and Levy-Kolker , N. 1993 . A three-dimensional crisis-related analysis of perceived coach's behavior in competition . Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports , 3 : 134 – 141 .
  • Baumeister , R. E . 1984 . Choking under pressure: Self-consciousness and paradoxical effects of incentives on skillful performance . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 46 : 610 – 620 .
  • Baumeister , R. E , Hamilton , J. and Tice , D. 1985 . Public versus private expectancy of success: Confidence booster or performance pressure . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 48 : 1447 – 1457 .
  • Baumeister , R. E and Steinhilber , A. 1984 . Paradoxical effects of supportive audiences on performance under pressure: The home field disadvantage in sports championships . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 47 : 85 – 93 .
  • Carron , A. V. 1988 . Group dynamics in sport , London, Ontario : Spodym .
  • Caruso , C. M. , Dzewaltowski , D. A. , Gill , D. L. and McElroy , M. A. 1990 . Psychological and physiological changes in competitive state anxiety during noncompetition and competitive success and failure . Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 12 : 6 – 20 .
  • Courneya , K. S. and Carron , A. V. 1992 . The home advantage in sport competitions: A literature review . Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 14 : 13 – 27 .
  • Cratty , B. J. 1989 . Psychology in contemporary sport, , 3rd. ed. , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall .
  • Dancer , L. S. 1990 . Introduction to facet theory and its applications . Applied Psychology , 39 : 365 – 377 .
  • Edwards , J. and Archambault , D. 1989 . “ The homefield advantage ” . In Sports, games, and play: Social and psychological viewpoints, , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Goldstein , J. H. 333 – 370 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Fratzke , M. 1975 . Personality and biographical traits of superior and average college basketball officials . Research Quarterly , 46 : 484 – 488 .
  • Glamser , F. D. 1990 . Contest location. player misconduct, and race: A case from English soccer . Journal of Sport Behavior , 13 : 41 – 49 .
  • Gould , D. and Krane , V. 1992 . “ The arousal-athletic performance relationship: Current status and future directions ” . In Advances in Sport Psychology , Edited by: Horn , T. S. 119 – 141 . Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
  • Grcer , D. L. 1983 . Spectator booing and the home advantage: A study of social influence in the basketball arena . Social Psychology Quarterly , 46 : 252 – 261 .
  • Guttman , L. 1954 . An outline of some new methodology for social research . Public Opinion Quarterly , 18 : 395 – 404 .
  • Guttman , L. 1959 . A structural theory of intergroup beliefs and action . American Sociological Review , 24 : 318 – 328 .
  • Hanin , Y. L. 1986 . “ State-trait research on sports in the USSR ” . In Cross-cultural anxiety , Edited by: Spielberger , C. D. and Diaz-Guemro , R. Vol. 3 , 45 – 64 . Washington, D.C. : Hemisphere .
  • Hanin , Y. L. 1989 . “ Interpersonal aned intragroup anxiety in sports ” . In Anxiety in sports , Edited by: Hackfort , D. and Spielberger , C. D. 19 – 28 . New York : Hemisphere .
  • Hardy , L. 1990 . “ A catastrophe model of performance in sport ” . In Stress and performance in sport , Edited by: Jones , J. G. and Hardy , L. 81 – 106 . Chichester, , England : Wiley .
  • Hatfield , B. D. and Landers , D. M. 1983 . Psychophysiology: A new direction for sport psychology . Journal of Sport Psychology , 3 : 243 – 259 .
  • Kahnemann , D. , Slovic , P. and Tversky , A. 1982 . Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases , New York : Cambridge .
  • Kerr , J. H. 1987 . Structural phenomenology: Arousal and performance . Journal of Human Movement Studies , 13 : 211 – 229 .
  • Kerr , J. H. 1989 . “ Anxiety, arousal and sport performance: An application of reversal theory ” . In Anxiety in sports , Edited by: Hackfort , D. and Spielberger , C. D. 137 – 151 . New York : Hemisphere .
  • Koslowsky , M. and Maoz , O. 1988 . Commitment and personality variables as discriminators among sports referees . Journal of Sport and exercise Psychology , 10 : 262 – 269 .
  • Krane , V. 1992 . Conceptual and methodological considerations in sport anxiety research: From the inverted-U hypothesis to catastrophe theory . Quest , 44 : 72 – 87 .
  • Kroll , W. 1975 . Psychological scaling of AIAW code of ethics for officials and spectators . Research Quarterly , 46 : 488 – 492 .
  • Landers , D. M. . Controlling arousal to enhance sport performance . Proceedings of the 1st Maccabiah-Wingate International Congress: Sport Psychology . Edited by: Tenenbaum , G. and Eiger , D. pp. 7 – 27 . Netanya : Wingate Institute .
  • Lefebrve , L. M. and Passer , M. W. 1974 . The effects of game location and importance on aggression in team sport . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 5 : 102 – 110 .
  • Lehman , D. R. and Reifman , A. 1987 . Spectator influence on basketball officiating . Journal of Social Psychology , 127 : 613 – 675 .
  • Mahoney , M. J. 1979 . “ Cognitive skills and athletic performance ” . In Cognitive-behavioral interventions: Theory, research, and procedures , Edited by: Kendall , P. C. and Hollon , S. D. New York : Academic Press .
  • Martens , R. 1988 . Coaches' guide to sport psychology , Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
  • Martens , R. , Burton , D. , Vealey , R. , Bump , L. and Smith , D. 1990 . “ The development of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) ” . In Competitive Anxiety in Sport , Edited by: Martens , R. , Vealey , R. and Burton , D. 117 – 190 . Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
  • Meichenbaum , D. 1985 . Stress inoculation training , Exeter : UK Pergamon .
  • Mitchell , J. , Leonard , W. and Schmitt , R. 1982 . Sport officials' perceptions of fans, players, and their occupations: A comparative study of baseball and hockey . Journal of Sport Behavior , 5 : 83 – 95 .
  • Neiss , R. 1988 . Reconceptualizing arousal: Psychobiological states in motor performance . Psychological Bulletin. , 103 : 345 – 366 .
  • Nisbett , R. E. and Ross , L. 1980 . Human inference: Strategies and shortcomings of social judgment , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall .
  • Nitsch , J. R. 1982 . “ Analysis of action and functionalistic approaches in sport psychology ” . In Handbook of sport psychology, vol. I: Introduction to Sport Psychology , Edited by: Geron , E. 58 – 75 . Netanya : Wingate Institute .
  • Nitsch , J. R. 1985 . The action-theoretical perspective . International Review for the Sociology of Sport , 20 : 263 – 282 .
  • Purdy , D. and Snyder , E. 1985 . A social profile of high school basketball officials . Journal of Sport Behavior , 8 : 54 – 65 .
  • Rainey , D. W. and Cherilla , K. 1993 . Conflict with baseball umpires: An observational study . Journal of Sport Behavior , 16 : 49 – 59 .
  • Rains , P. 1984 . The production of fairness: Officiating in the National Hockey League . Sociology of Sport Journal , 1 : 150 – 162 .
  • Smith , C. 1982 . Performances and negotiations: A case of a wrestling referee . Qualitative Sociology , 5 : 33 – 46 .
  • Snyder , E. E. and Purdy , D. A. 1987 . Social control in sport: An analysis of basketball officiating . Sociology of Sport Journal , 4 : 394 – 402 .
  • Sumner , J. and Mobley , M. 1981 . Are cricket umpires biased? . New Scientist , 91 : 29 – 31 .
  • Tenenbaum , G. and Bar-Eli , M. 1993 . “ Decision making in sport: A cognitive perspective ” . In Handbook of Research on Sport Psychology , Edited by: Singer , R. N. , Murphy , M. and Tennant , L. K. 171 – 192 . New York : Macmillan .
  • Tenenbaum , G. and Bar-Eli , M. 1994 . “ Contemporary issues and future directions in exercise and sport psychology research ” . In Exercise and sport psychology: A European perspective , Edited by: Biddle , S. J. H. Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
  • Varca , P. 1980 . An analysis of home and away game performance of male college basketball teams . Journal of Sport Psychology , 2 : 245 – 257 .
  • Vlek , C. 1987 . Towards a dynamic structural theory of decision behavior . Acta Psychologica , 66 : 225 – 230 .
  • Weinberg , R. S. and Richardson , P. A. 1990 . Psychology of officiating , Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
  • Widmeyer , W. N. , Canon , A. V. and Brawley , L. R. 1993 . “ Group cohension in sport and exercise ” . In Handbook of Research on Sport Psychology , Edited by: Singer , R. N. , Murphy , M. and Tennant , K. 672 – 692 . New York : Macmillan .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.