Thomas Dixon's the clansman: Radicals, reactionaries, and the anticipated utopia

References

• Albinski , N. B. 1988 . Women's Utopias in British and American fiction , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Allen , J. S. 1937 . Reconstruction: The battle for democracy, 1865–1876 , New York : International Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Baskerville , B. 1963 . The cross and the flag: Evangelists of the far right . Western Speech , 27 : 197 – 206 .
   Google Scholar
• Bellamy , E. 1982 . Looking backward: 2000–1887 , New York : Penguin . (Original work published 1888)
   Google Scholar
• Black , E. 1970 . The second persona . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 56 : 109 – 119 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloomfield , M. 1964 . Dixon's The Leopard's Spots: A study in popular racism . American Quarterly , 16 : 387 – 401 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth , W. C. 1961 . The rhetoric of fiction , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bowers , C. 1929 . The tragic era: The revolution after Lincoln , Cambridge, MA : Houghton Mifflin .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , S. 1937 . The Negro in American fiction , Washington DC : Associates in Negro Folk Education .
   Google Scholar
• Butler , S. 1981 . Erewhon: Or, over the range , Newark : University of Delaware Press . (Original work published 1872)
   Google Scholar
• Carroll , C. 1902 . The tempter of Eve: Or, the criminality of man's social, political, and religious equality with the Negro , St. Louis : Adamic Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Chesebro , J. W. , Cragan , J. F. and McCullough , P. 1973 . The small group technique of the radical revolutionary: A synthetic study in consciousness raising . Speech Monographs , 40 : 136 – 146 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , T. D. 1979 . An analysis of recurrent features of contemporary American radical, liberal, and conservative political discourse . Southern Speech Communication Journal , 44 : 399 – 422 .
   Google Scholar
• Cloud , D. L. 1998 . The rhetoric of <family values>: Scapegoating, Utopia, and the privatization of social responsibility . Western Journal of Communication , 62 : 387 – 419 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Condit , C. M. and Lucaites , J. L. 1993 . Crafting equality: America's Anglo‐African word , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Congressional Joint Select Committee . 1872 . Report of the joint select committee to inquire into the condition of affairs in the late insurrectionary states , 13 vols , Washington DC : Government Printing Office . 42nd Cong., 2nd sess.
   Google Scholar
• Cook , R. A. 1968 . Fire from the flint: The amazing careers of Thomas Dixon , Winston‐Salem, NC : Blair .
   Google Scholar
• Cook , R. A. 1974 . Thomas Dixon , New York : Twayne .
   Google Scholar
• Crenshaw , C. 1997 . Resisting whiteness’ rhetorical silence . Western Journal of Communication , 61 : 253 – 278 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Da Ponte , D. 1957 . The greatest play of the South . Tennessee Studies in Literature , 2 : 15 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Darsey , J. 1988 . The legend of Eugene Debs: Ethos as radical argument . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 74 : 434 – 452 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darsey , J. 1995 . “ Utopia and desire ” . In Argumentation and values: Proceedings of the Ninth SCA/AM Conference on Argumentation , Edited by: Jackson , S. 28 – 35 . Annandale, VA : Speech Communication Association .
   Google Scholar
• Darsey , J. 1997 . The prophetic tradition and radical rhetoric in America , New York : New York University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Deem , M. D. 1995 . “ Decorum: The flight from the rhetorical ” . In Argumentation and values: Proceedings of the Ninth SCA/AFA Conference on Argumentation , Edited by: Jackson , S. 226 – 228 . Annandale, VA : Speech Communication Association .
   Google Scholar
• Dixon , T. Jr. 1887 . When will the Negro be free? . Christian Union , 41 : 729 – 730 .
   Google Scholar
• Dixon , T. Jr. 1902a . The leopard's spots: A romance of the white man's burden, 1865–1900 , New York : Grosset & Dunlap .
   Google Scholar
• Dixon , T. Jr. 1902b . An author's answer to his critics . New York Times , August 9 : 538
   Google Scholar
• Dixon , T. Jr. 1905a . The clansman: An historical romance of the Ku Klux Klan , New York : Grosset & Dunlap .
   Google Scholar
• Dixon , T. Jr. 1905b . Booker T. Washington and the Negro . Saturday Evening Post , August 19 : 1 – 2 .
   Google Scholar
• Dixon , T. Jr. 1909 . Comrades: A story of social adventure in California , New York : Doubleday, Page .
   Google Scholar
• Dixon , T. Jr. 1912 . The sins of the father: A romance of the South , New York : Appleton .
   Google Scholar
• Dixon , T. Jr. 1939 . The flaming sword , Atlanta : Monarch .
   Google Scholar
• Du Bois , W. E. B. 1968 . Black reconstruction in America , New York : International Publishers . (Original work published 1935)
   Google Scholar
• Eaton , C. 1955 . Recent trends in the writing of Southern history . Louisiana Historical Quarterly , 38 : 26 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Floyd , N. J. 1884 . Thorns in the flesh: A romance of the war and Ku‐Klux periods , Philadelphia : Hubbard Bros .
   Google Scholar
• Foner , E. 1988 . Reconstruction: America's unfinished revolution 1863–1877 , New York : Harper & Row .
   Google Scholar
• Fukuyama , F. 1992 . The end of history and the last man , New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gearhart , S. M. 1979 . The wanderground: Stories of the hill women , Boston : Alyson .
   Google Scholar
• Gilman , C. P. 1992 . Herland and selected stories , New York : Signet‐Penguin .
   Google Scholar
• Gossett , T. F. 1963 . Race: The history of an idea in America , Dallas : Southern Methodist University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Grady , H. W. 1900 . The new South. In Orations of American orators , vol. 2 , 426 – 442 . New York : P. F. Collier .
   Google Scholar
• Gross , T. L. 1966 . “ Xhe Negro in the literature of the Reconstruction ” . In Images of the Negro in American literature , Edited by: Gross , S. L. and Hardy , J.E. 71 – 83 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Haiman , F. S. 1999 . The voices of extremism revisited . Critical Studies in Mass Communication , 16 : 119 – 135 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hariman , R. 1992 . Decorum, power, and the courtly style . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 78 : 149 – 172 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrell , J. and Linkugel , W. A. 1978 . On rhetorical genre: An organizing perspective . Philosophy and Rhetoric , 11 : 262 – 281 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey , D. 1989 . The condition of postmodernity: An enquiry into the origins of cultural change , Oxford : Basil Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Haschak , P. G. 1994 . Utopian/dystopian literature: A bibliography of literary criticism , Metuchen, NJ : Scarecrow .
   Google Scholar
• Hayek , F. A. 1944 . The road to serfdom , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Henry , D. and Jensen , R. J. 1991 . Social movement criticism and the renaissance of public address . Communication Studies , 42 : 83 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Hofstadter , R. 1962 . Anti‐intellectualism in American life , New York : Knopf .
   Google Scholar
• Kinney , J. 1982 . The rhetoric of racism: Thomas Dixon and the “damned black beast.” . American Literary Realism, 1870–1910 , 15 : 145 – 154 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirk , R. 1954 . Ethical labor . Sewanee Review , 62 : 485 – 503 .
   Google Scholar
• Kolnai , A. 1995 . The Utopian mind and other papers: A critical study in moral and political philosophy , London : Athlone .
   Google Scholar
• Lay , S. 1985 . War, revolution and the Ku Klux Klan: A study of intolerance in a border city , El Paso : Texas Western Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , R. 1986 . The new populist campaign for economic democracy: A rhetorical explanation . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 72 : 274 – 289 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitas , R. 1990 . The concept of Utopia , Syracuse, NY : Syracuse University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Locker , K. O. 1977 . The definition of woman: A major motif in Browning's The ring and the book (Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois, 1977) . Dissertation Abstracts International , 38 : 3518A
   Google Scholar
• MacLean , N. 1994 . Behind the mask of chivalry: The making of the second Ku Klux Klan , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Manuel , F. E. and Manuel , F. P. 1979 . Utopian thought in the Western world , Cambridge, MA : Belknap .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , J. B. 1990 . Film out of theatre: D. W. Griffith, Birth of a Nation and the melodrama The Clansman . Literature/Film Quarterly , 18 : 87 – 95 .
   Google Scholar
• McGee , B. R. 1999 . The argument from definition revisited: Race and definition in the Progressive Era . Argumentation and Advocacy , 35 : 141 – 158 .
   Google Scholar
• McGee , M. C. 1980 . “Social movement”: Phenomenon or meaning? . Central States Speech Journal , 31 : 233 – 243 .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , K. 1908 . Race adjustment: Essays on the Negro in America , New York : Neale .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , K. 1924 . The everlasting stain , Washington DC : Associated Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell , M. 1936 . Gonewith the wind , New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Mumford , L. 1962 . The story of Utopias , New York : Viking . (Original work published 1922)
   Google Scholar
• Nakayama , T. K. and Krizek , R. L. 1995 . Whiteness: A strategic rhetoric . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 81 : 291 – 309 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oakes , F. 1957 . Whitman and Dixon: A strange case of borrowing . Georgia Review , 11 : 333 – 340 .
   Google Scholar
• Orwell , G. 1946 . Animal farm , New York : Harcourt Brace .
   Google Scholar
• Orwell , G. 1961 . 1984, A novel , New York : New American Library .
   Google Scholar
• Page , T. N. 1967 . Red rock: A chronicle of Reconstruction , Ridgewood, NJ : Gregg . (Original work published 1898)
   Google Scholar
• Perry , M. G. 1994 . Reinventing the nation: Anglo‐Saxon romantic racial nationalism from Dixon to James. (Doctoral dissertation, University of California‐Santa Cruz, 1994) . Dissertation Abstracts International , 56 : 8A3129
   Google Scholar
• Peterson , M. D. 1994 . Lincoln in American memory , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Piercy , M. 1976 . Woman on the edge of time , New York : Fawcett Crest‐Ballantine .
   Google Scholar
• Popper , K. R. 1950 . The open society and its enemies , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rodden , J. State‐ly designs: Toward an architectonics of the utopian imagination . Paper presented at the Biennial Wake Forest Argumentation Conference . Winston‐Salem, NC.
   Google Scholar
• Rothwell , J. D. 1971 . Verbal obscenity: Time for second thoughts . Western Speech , 35 : 231 – 242 .
   Google Scholar
• Rose , W. L. 1982 . “ Race and region in American historical fiction: Four episodes in popular culture ” . In Region, race, and Reconstruction: Essays in honor of C. Vann Woodward , Edited by: Kousser , J. M. and McPherson , J. M. 113 – 139 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rossiter , C. 1962 . Conservatism in America: The thankless persuasion , 2nd, rev. ed. , New York : Knopf .
   Google Scholar
• Sargent , L. T. 1989 . Utopian literature and communitarian experiments before Bellamy . ATQ , 3 : 135 – 146 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott , R. L. 1973 . The conservative voice in radical rhetoric: A common response to division . Speech Monographs , 40 : 123 – 135 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott , R. L. and Smith , D. K. 1969 . The rhetoric of confrontation . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 55 : 1 – 8 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skinner , B. F. 1948 . Walden two , New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Stewart , C. J. , Smith , C. A. and Denton , R. E. Jr. 1994 . Persuasion and social movements , 3rd ed. , Prospect Heights, IL : Waveland .
   Google Scholar
• Stowe , H. B. 1981 . Uncle Tom's cabin or, life among the lowly , New York : Penguin . Original work published 1852)
   Google Scholar
• Tismaneanu , V. 1997 . Resurrecting Utopia: The search for myth under post‐communism . Partisan Review , 64 : 384 – 394 .
   Google Scholar
• Wade , W. C. 1987 . The fiery cross: The Ku Klux Klan in America , New York : Touchstone‐Simon and Schuster .
   Google Scholar
• Walsh , C. 1962 . From utopia to nightmare , New York : Harper & Row. .
   Google Scholar
• Wander , P. C. 1971 . The John Birch and Martin Luther King symbols in the radical right . Western Speech , 35 : 4 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Warren , K. W. 1993 . Black and white strangers: Race and American literary realism , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Weaver , R. M. 1970 . Language is sermonic: Richard M. Weaver on the nature of rhetoric , Edited by: Johannesen , R. L. , Strickland , R. and Eubanks , R. T. Baton Rouge : Louisiana State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Weaver , R. M. 1985 . The ethics of rhetoric , Davis, CA : Hermagoras . (Original work published 1953)
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , W. 1917 . President Wilson's state papers and addresses , New York : Review of Reviews .
   Google Scholar
• Windt , T. O. Jr. 1972 . The diatribe: Last resort for protest . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 58 : 1 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood , G. 1983 . “ From the The Clansman and Birth of a Nation to Gone with the Wind: The loss of American innocence ” . In Recasting: Gone with the Wind in American culture , Edited by: Pyron , D. A. 123 – 136 . Miami : Florida International University and University Press of Florida .
   Google Scholar
• Woodward , C. V. 1964 . American counterpoint: Slavery and racism in the North/South dialogue , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Woodward , C. V. 1974 . The strange career of Jim Crow , 3rd, rev. ed. , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wrage , E. J. 1947 . Public address: A study in social and intellectual history . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 33 : 451 – 457 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zamiatin E. 1952 We (G. Zilboorg, Trans.). New York: E. P. Dutton. (Original work published 1924)
   Google Scholar
• Zarefsky , D. 1977 . President Johnson's War on Poverty: The rhetoric of three “establishment” movements . Communication Monographs , 44 : 352 – 373 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zarefsky , D. 1980 . A skeptical view of movement studies . Central States Speech Journal , 31 : 245 – 254 .
   Google Scholar