Evaluating direct and indirect effects of low-energy electrons using Geant4-DNA

References

• Painter, R. The Role of DNA Damage and Repair in Cell Killing Induced by Ionizing Radiation. Radiat Biol Cancer Res 1980, 59–68.
   Google Scholar
• Goodhead, D.T. Initial Events in the Cellular Effects of Ionizing Radiations: Clustered Damage in DNA. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 1994, 65 (1), 7–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, J.F. The Complexity of DNA Damage: Relevance to Biological Consequences. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 1994, 66 (5), 427–432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner, D.; Ward, J. Constraints on Energy Deposition and Target Size of Multiply Damaged Sites Associated with DNA Double-Strand Breaks. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 1992, 61 (6), 737–748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryant, P. Enzymatic Restriction of Mammalian Cell DNA: Evidence for Double-Strand Breaks as Potentially Lethal Lesions. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. Relat. Stud. Phys. Chem. Med. 1985, 48 (1), 55–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Lara, C.M.; Hill, M.A.; Jenner, T.J.; Papworth, D.; O’Neill, P. Dependence of the Yield of DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Chinese Hamster V79-4 Cells on the Photon Energy of Ultrasoft X Rays. Radiat. Res. 2001, 155 (3), 440–448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikjoo, H.; Taleei, R.; Liamsuwan, T.; Liljequist, D.; Emfietzoglou, D. Perspectives in Radiation Biophysics: From Radiation Track Structure Simulation to Mechanistic Models of DNA Damage and Repair. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 2016, 128, 3–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikjoo, H.; Emfietzoglou, D.; Liamsuwan, T.; Taleei, R.; Liljequist, D.; Uehara, S. Radiation Track, DNA Damage and Response—a Review. Rep. Prog. Phys. 2016, 79, 116601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frankenberg, D.; Frankenberg-Schwager, M.; Blöcher, D.; Harbich, R. Evidence for DNA Double-Strand Breaks as the Critical Lesions in Yeast Cells Irradiated with Sparsely or Densely Ionizing Radiation Under Oxic or Anoxic Conditions. Radiat. Res. 1981, 88 (3), 524–532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikitaki, Z.; Nikolov, V.; V. Mavragani, I.; Mladenov, E.; Mangelis, A.; A. Laskaratou, D.; I. Fragkoulis, G.; E. Hellweg, C.; A. Martin, O.; Emfietzoglou, D. Measurement of Complex DNA Damage Induction and Repair in Human Cellular Systems After Exposure to Ionizing Radiations of Varying Linear Energy Transfer (LET). Free Radical Res. 2016, 50, 64–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikitaki, Z.; Nikolov, V.; V. Mavragani a, I.; Plante, I.; Emfietzoglou, D.; Iliakis, G.; G. Georgakilas, A. Non-DSB Clustered DNA Lesions. Does Theory Colocalize with the Experiment? Radiat. Phys. Chem. 2016, 28, 26–35.
   Google Scholar
• Obeidat, M.; McConnell, K.A.; Li, X.; Bui, B.; Stathakis, S.; Papanikolaou, N.; Rasmussen, K.; Ha, C.S.; Lee, S.E.; Shim, E.Y. DNA Double-Strand Breaks as a Method of Radiation Measurements for Therapeutic Beams. Med. Phys. 2018, 45, 3460–3465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uehara, S.; Nikjoo, H.; Goodhead, D.T. Cross-sections for Water Vapour for the Monte Carlo Electron Track Structure Code From 10 eV to the MeV Region. Phys. Med. Biol. 1993, 38 (12), 1841.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, W.; Nikjoo, H. A Monte Carlo Code for Positive ion Track Simulation. Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 1999, 38 (2), 97–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlton, D.E.; Nikjoo, H.; Humm, J.L. Calculation of Initial Yields of Single-and Double-Strand Breaks in Cell Nuclei From Electrons, Protons and Alpha Particles. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 1989, 56 (1), 1–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikjoo, H.; O’Neill, P.; Wilson, W.E.; Goodhead, D.T. Computational Approach for Determining the Spectrum of DNA Damage Induced by Ionizing Radiation. Radiat. Res. 2001, 156 (5), 577–583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikjoo, H.; Uehara, S.; Emfietzoglou, D.; Cucinotta, F.A. Track-structure Codes in Radiation Research. Radiat. Meas. 2006, 41 (9-10), 1052–1074.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikjoo, H.; O’Neill, P.; Goodhead, D.T.; Terrissol, M. Computational Modelling of low-Energy Electron-Induced DNA Damage by Early Physical and Chemical Events. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 1997, 71 (5), 467–483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikjoo, H.; Bolton, C.E.; Watanabe, R.; Terrissol, M.; O’Neill, P.; Goodhead, D.T. Modelling of DNA Damage Induced by Energetic Electrons (100 eV to 100 keV). Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 2002, 99 (1-4), 77–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikjoo, H.; O’Neill, P.; Terrissol, M.; Goodhead, D.T. Modelling of Radiation-Induced DNA Damage: the Early Physical and Chemical Event. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 1994, 66 (5), 453–457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikjoo, H.; O’Neill, P.; Terrissol, M.; Goodhead, D.T. Quantitative Modelling of DNA Damage Using Monte Carlo Track Structure Method. Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 1999, 38 (1), 31–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakata, D.; Lampe, N.; Karamitros, M.; Kyriakou, I.; Belov, O.; A. Bernal, M.; Bolst, D.; Bordage, M.C.; Breton, V.; Brown, J.M.C. Evaluation of Early Radiation DNA Damage in a Fractal Cell Nucleus Model Using Geant4-DNA. Phys. Med. 2019, 62, 152–157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margis, S.; Magouni, M.; Kyriakou, I.; Georgakilas, A.G.; Incerti, S.; Emfietzoglou, D. Microdosimetric Calculations of the Direct DNA Damage Induced by low Energy Electrons Using the Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo Code. Phys. Med. Biol. 2020, 65, 045007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delage, E.; Pham, Q.T.; Karamitros, M.; Payno, H.; Stepan, V.; Incerti, S.; Maigne, L.; Perrot, Y. PDB4DNA: Implementation of DNA Geometry From the Protein Data Bank (PDB) Description for Geant4-DNA Monte-Carlo Simulations. Comput. Phys. Commun. 2015, 192, 282–288.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatzipapas, K.P.; Papadimitroulas, P.; Obeidat, M.; McConnell, K.A.; Kirby, N.; Loudos, G.; Papanikolaou, N.; Kagadis, G.C. Quantification of DNA Double-Strand breaks Using Geant4-DNA. Med. Phys. 2019, 46, 405–413.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernal, M.A.; Bordage, M.C.; Brown, J.M.C.; Davídková, M.; Delage, E.; Bitar, Z.E.; Enger, S.A.; Francis, Z.; Guatelli, S.; Ivanchenko, V.N. Track Structure Modeling in Liquid Water: A Review of the Geant4-DNA Very low Energy Extension of the Geant4 Monte Carlo Simulation Toolkit. Phys. Med. 2015, 31 (8), 861–874.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Incerti, S.; Ivanchenko, A.; Karamitros, M.; Mantero, A.; Moretto, P.; Tran, H.N.; Mascialino, B.; Champion, C.; Ivanchenko, V.N.; Bernal, M.A. Comparison of GEANT4 Very low Energy Cross Section Models with Experimental Data in Water. Med. Phys. 2010, 37 (9), 4692–4708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Incerti, S.; Kyriakou, I.; Bernal, M.A.; Bordage, M.C.; Francis, Z.; Guatelli, S.; Ivanchenko, V.; Karamitros, M.; Lampe, N.; Lee, S.B. Geant4-DNA Example Applications for Track Structure Simulations in Liquid Water: A Report From the Geant4-DNA Project. Med. Phys. 2018, 45, e722–e739.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Champion, C.; Incerti, S.; Aouchiche, H.; Oubaziz, D. A Free-Parameter Theoretical Model for Describing the Electron Elastic Scattering in Water in the Geant4 Toolkit. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 2009, 78 (9), 745–750.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peudon, A.; Edel, S.; Terrissol, M. Molecular Basic Data Calculation for Radiation Transport in Chromatin. Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry 2006, 122 (1-4), 128–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin, W.G.; Bordage, M.C.; Emfietzoglou, D.; Kyriakou, I.; Sakata, D.; Min, C.H.; Lee, S.B.; Guatelli, S.; Incerti, S. Development of a new Geant4-DNA Electron Elastic Scattering Model for Liquid-Phase Water Using the ELSEPA Code. J. Appl. Phys. 2018, 124, 224901.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyriakou, I.; Incerti, S.; Francis, Z. Improvements in geant4 Energy-Loss Model and the Effect on low-Energy Electron Transport in Liquid Water. Med. Phys. 2015, 42, 3870–3876.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyriakou, I.; Šefl, M.; Nourry, V.; Incerti, S. The Impact of new Geant4-DNA Cross Section Models on Electron Track Structure Simulations in Liquid Water. J. Appl. Phys. 2016, 119, 194902.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarakis, P.; Incerti, S.; Ivanchenko, V.; Kyriakou, I.; Emfietzoglou, D.; Corde, S.; Rosenfeld, A.B.; Lerch, M.; Tehei, M.; Guatelli, S. Investigation of Track Structure and Condensed History Physics Models for Applications in Radiation Dosimetry on a Micro and Nano Scale in Geant4. Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express. 2018, 4, 024001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin, W.G.; Ramos-Mendez, J.; Faddegon, B.; Tran, H.N.; Villagrasa, C.; Perrot, Y.; Okada, S.; Karamitros, M.; Emfietzoglou, D.; Kyriakou, I. Evaluation of the Influence of Physical and Chemical Parameters on Water Radiolysis Simulations Under MeV Electron Irradiation Using Geant4-DNA. J. Appl. Phys. 2019, 126 (11), 114301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Incerti, S.; Baldacchino, G.; Bernal, M.; Capra, R.; Champion, C.; Francis, Z.; Guatelli, S.; Guèye, P.; Mantero, A.; Mascialino, B. The geant4-dna Project. Int J Model Simul Sci Comput. 2010, 1 (2), 157–178.
   Google Scholar
• Taleei, R.; Girard, P.M.; Sankaranarayanan, K.; Nikjoo, H. The non-Homologous end-Joining (NHEJ) Mathematical Model for the Repair of Double-Strand Breaks: II. Application to Damage Induced by Ultrasoft X Rays and low-Energy Electrons. Radiat. Res. 2013, 179 (5), 540–548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bordage, M.C.; Bordes, J.; Edel, S.; Terrissol, M.; Franceries, X.; Bardiès, M.; Lampe, N.; Incerti, S. Implementation of new Physics Models for low Energy Electrons in Liquid Water in Geant4-DNA. Phys. Med. 2016, 32 (12), 1833–1840.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mokari, M.; Alamatsaz, M.H.; Moeini, H.; Babaei-Brojeny, A.A.; Taleei, R. Track Structure Simulation of low Energy Electron Damage to DNA Using Geant4-DNA. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018, 4 (6), 065009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scholes, G.; Willson, R.L.; Ebert, M. Pulse Radiolysis of Aqueous Solutions of Deoxyribonucleotides and of DNA: Reaction with Hydroxy-Radicals. J. Chem. Soc. 1969, 1, 17–18.
   Google Scholar
• Van Rijn, K.; Mayer, T.; Blok, J.; Verberne, J.B.; Loman, H. Reaction Rate of OH Radicals with φX174 DNA: Influence of Salt and Scavenger. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. Relat. Stud. Phys. Chem. Med. 1985, 47, 309–317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar