Trace fossils and sedimentary facies from a Late Cambrian‐Early Ordovician tide‐dominated shelf (Santa Rosita Formation, northwest Argentina): Implications for ichnofacies models of shallow marine successions

References

• Aceñolaza , F.G. 1978 . El Paleozoico inferior de Argentina según sus trazas fósiles . Ameghiniana , 15 : 15 – 64 .
   Google Scholar
• Aceñolaza , F.G. and Durand , F.R. 1978 . Trazas de trilobites en los estratos del Ordovícico basal de la Puna Argentina . Acta Geológica Lilloana , 15 : 5 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Aceñolaza , F.G. and Fernández , R. 1978 . Trazas fósiles en el Ordovícico inferior de la Sierra de Cajas, Jujuy . Acta Geológica Lilloana , 14 (Supl.) : 33 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Allen , J.R.L. 1980 . Sand waves: a model of origin and internal structure . Sedimentary Geology , 26 : 281 – 328 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen , P.A. and Homewood , P. 1984 . Evolution and mechanics of a Miocene tidal sandwave . Sedimentology , 31 : 63 – 81 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alpert , S.P. 1974 . Systematic review of the genus Skolithos . Journal of Paleontology , 48 : 661 – 669 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alpert , S.P. 1975 . Planolites and Skolithos from the White‐Inyo Mountains, California . Journal of Paleontology , 49 : 508 – 521 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alpert , S.P. 1976 . Trilobite and star‐like trace fossils from the White‐Inyo Mountains, California . Journal of Paleontology , 50 : 226 – 239 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderton , R. 1976 . Tidal‐shelf sedimentation: an example from the Scottish Dalradian . Sedimentology , 23 : 429 – 458 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badve , R.M. 1987 . A reassessment of the stratigraphy of Bagh Beds, Barwah area, Madhya Pradesh, with description of trace fossils . Journal of the Geological Society of India , 30 : 106 – 120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin , C.T. 1975 . The stratigraphy of the Cabos Series in the section between Cadavedo and Luarca, province of Oviedo, NW of Spain . Breviora Geológica Astúrica , 19 : 4 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Baldwin , C.T. 1977a . The stratigraphy and facies associations of trace fossils in some Cambrian and Ordovician rocks of north western Spain In: Crimes, T.P. and Harper, J.C. Trace Fossils 2 . Geological Journal , : 9 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Baldwin , C.T. 1977b . Internal structures of trilobite trace fossils indicative of an open surface furrow origin . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , 21 : 273 – 284 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes , J.J. and Klein , G.de V. 1975 . “ Tidal deposits in the Zabriskie Quartzite (Cambrian), Eastern California and Western Nevada ” . In Tidal deposits. A casebook of Recent examples and Fossil counterparts , Edited by: Ginsburg , R.N. 163 – 169 . New York : Springer‐Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Belderson , R.H. , Johnson , M.A. and Kenyon , N.H. 1982 . “ Bedforms ” . In Offshore tidal sands: processes and deposits , Edited by: Stride , A.H. 27 – 57 . New York : Chapman and Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Bergström , J. 1973 . Organization, life and systematics of trilobites . Fossils and Strata , 2 : 1 – 69 .
   Google Scholar
• Bergström , J. 1976 . Lower Palaeozoic trace fosils from eastern Newfoundland . Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , 13 : 1613 – 1633 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billings , E. 1862 . “ New species of fossils from different parts of the Lower, Middle and Upper Silurian rocks of Canada ” . In Palaeozoic fossils, Volume 1.1861–1865 Geological Survey of Canada Advance Sheets 96 – 168 .
   Google Scholar
• Birkenmajer , K. and Bruton , D.L. 1971 . Some trilobite resting and crawling traces . Lethaia , 4 : 303 – 319 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjerstedt , T.W. 1987 . Trace fossils indicating estuarine deposystems for the Devonian‐Mississippian Cloyd Conglomerate Member, Price Formation, Central Appalachians . Palaios , 2 : 339 – 349 .
   Google Scholar
• Bjerstedt , T.W. and Erickson , J.M. 1989 . Trace fossils and bioturbation in peritidal fades of the Postdam‐Theresa Formations (Cambrian‐Ordovician), northwest Adirondacks . Palaios , 4 : 203 – 224 .
   Google Scholar
• Blakey , R.C. 1984 . Marine sand‐wave complex in the Permian of central Arizona . Journal of Sedimentary Petrology , 54 : 29 – 51 .
   Google Scholar
• Brandt , D.S. , Meyer , D.L. and Lask , P.B. 1995 . Isotelus (trilobita) “hunting burrow”; from Upper Ordovician strata, Ohio . Journal of Paleontology , 69 : 1079 – 1083 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bridges , B.H. 1982 . “ Ancient offshore tidal deposits ” . In Offshore tidal sands: processes and deposits , Edited by: Stride , A.H. 172 – 192 . New York : Chapman and Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Bristow , C.S. 1995 . Internal geometry of ancient tidal bedforms revealed using ground penetrating radar. In Flemming B.W. Bartholomä A. Tidal signatures in modern and ancient sediments . Special Publication International Association of Sedimentologists , 24 : 313 – 328 .
   Google Scholar
• Brunn , V. von and Mason , T.R. 1977 . Siliciclasticcarbonate tidal deposits from the 3000 M.Y. Pongola Supergroup, South Africa . Sedimentary Geology , 18 : 245 – 255 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buatois , L.A. and Lopez Angriman , A.O. 1992 . The ichnology of a submarine braided channel complex: the Whisky Bay Formation, Cretaceous of James Ross Island, Antarctica . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , 94 : 119 – 140 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckman , J.O. 1995 . A comment on annulate forms of Palaeophycus Hall 1847: with particular reference to P. "annulatus”; sensu Pemberton and Frey 1982, and the erection of P. crenulatus ichnosp. nov . Ichnos , 4 : 131 – 140 .
   Google Scholar
• Chamberlain , C.K. 1971 . Morphology and ethology of trace fossils from the Ouachita Mountains, southeastern Oklahoma . Journal of Paleontology , 45 : 212 – 246 .
   Google Scholar
• Cocks , L.R.M. and Fortey , R.A. 1988 . Lower Palaeozoic facies and faunas around Gondwana. In Audley‐Charles M.G. Hallam A. Gondwana and Tethys . Geological Society Special Publication , 37 : 183 – 200 .
   Google Scholar
• Crimes , T.P. 1968 . Cruziana: a stratigraphically useful trace fossil . Geological Magazine , 105 : 360 – 364 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crimes , T.P. 1969 . Trace fossils from the Cambro‐Ordovician rocks of North Wales and their stratigraphic significance . Geological Journal , 6 : 333 – 337 .
   Google Scholar
• Crimes , T.P. 1970a . Trilobite tracks and other trace fossils from the Upper Cambrian of North Wales . Geological Journal , 7 : 47 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Crimes , T.P. 1970b . The significance of trace fossils in sedimentology, stratigraphy and paleoecology, with examples from Lower Palaeozoic strata. In Crimes, T.P. and Harper, J.C. Trace Fossils . Geological Journal , 3 ( Special Issue ) : 101 – 126 .
   Google Scholar
• Crimes , T.P. 1975a . Trilobite traces from the Lower Tremadoc of Tortworth . Geological Magazine , 112 : 33 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crimes , T.P. 1975b . “ The stratigraphical significance of trace fossils ” . In The Study of Trace Fossils , Edited by: Frey , R.W. 109 – 130 . New York : Springer‐Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Crimes , T.P. 1975c . The production and preservation of trilobite resting and burrowing traces . Lethaia , 8 : 35 – 48 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crimes , T.P. 1977 . Trace fossils of an Eocene deep‐sea sand fan. In Crimes, T.P. and Harper, J.C. Trace Fossils 2 . Geological Journal , : 71 – 90 .
   Google Scholar
• Crimes , T.P. and Anderson , M.M. 1985 . Trace fossils from Late Precambrian‐Early Cambrian strata of southeastern Newfoundland (Canada): Temporal and environmental implications . Journal of Paleontology , 59 : 310 – 343 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crimes , T.P. and Marcos , A. 1976 . Trilobite traces and the age of the lowest part of the Ordovician reference section for NW Spain . Geological Magazine , 113 : 349 – 356 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crimes , T.P. , Legg , I. , Marcos , A. and Arboleya , M. 1977 . ?Late Precambrian‐low Lower Cambrian trace fossils from Spain. In Crimes, T.P. and Harper, J.C. Trace Fossils 2 . Geological Journal , : 91 – 138 .
   Google Scholar
• Crimes , T.P. , Goldring , R. , Homewood , P. , Stuijven berg , J. van and Winkler , W. 1981 . Trace fossil assemblages of deep‐sea fan deposits, Gurnigel and Schlieren flysch (Cretaceous‐Eocene, Switzerland) . Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae , 74 : 953 – 995 .
   Google Scholar
• Cudzil , M.R. and Driese , S.G. 1987 . Fluvial, tidal and storm sedimentation in the Chilhowee Group (Lower Cambrian), northeastern Tennessee, USA . Sedimentology , 34 : 861 – 883 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curran , H.A. 1985 . The trace fossil assemblage of a Cretaceous nearshore environment: Englishtown Formation of Delaware, U.S.A In Curran Biogenic structures: their use in interpreting depositional environments . Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication , 35 : 261 – 276 .
   Google Scholar
• D'Alessandro , A. and Bromley , R.G. 1986 . Trace fossils in Pleistocene sandy deposits from Gravina area, southern Italy . Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia , 92 : 67 – 102 .
   Google Scholar
• Dalrymple , R.W. 1984 . Morphology and internal structure of sandwaves in the Bay of Fundy . Sedimentology , 31 : 365 – 382 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalrymple , R.W. 1992 . “ Tidal depositional systems ” . In Faciès models and sea level changes , Edited by: Walker , R.G. and James , N.P. 195 – 218 . Geological Association of Canada .
   Google Scholar
• Dalrymple , R.W. , Knight , R.J. , Zatlin , B.A. and Middleton , G.V. 1990 . Dynamics and facies model of a macrotidal sandbar complex, Cobequid Bay‐Salmon River estuary (Bay of Fundy) . Sedimentology , 37 : 577 – 612 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson , J.W. 1864 . On the fossils of the genus Rusophycus . The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, New Series , 1 : 363 – 367 .
   Google Scholar
• Droser , M.L. 1991 . Ichnofabric of the Paleozoic Skolithos ichnofacies and the nature and distribution of the Skolithos piperock . Palaios , 6 : 316 – 325 .
   Google Scholar
• Droser , M.L. and Bottjer , D.J. 1989 . Ichnofabric of sandstones deposited in high‐energy nearshore environments: measurement and utilization . Palaios , 4 : 598 – 604 .
   Google Scholar
• Droser , M.L. , Hughes , N.C. and Jell , P.A. 1994 . Infaunal communities and tiering in Early Palaeozoic nearshore clastic environments: trace‐fossil evidence from the Cambro‐Ordovician of New South Wales . Lethaia , 4 : 273 – 283 .
   Google Scholar
• Duke , W.L. 1990 . Geostrophic circulation or shallow marine turbidity currents? The dilemma of palaeoflow patterns in storm‐influenced prograding shoreline systems . Journal of Sedimentary Petrology , 60 : 870 – 883 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durand , J. 1985 . Le Grès Armoricain. Sédimentologie‐ Trace fossiles. Milieux de dépôt . Memoires et Documents du Centre Armoricain d'Etude Structurale des Socles , 3 : 1 – 150 .
   Google Scholar
• Ekdale , A.A. 1985 . Paleoecology of the marine endobenthos . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , 50 : 63 – 81 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eldredge , N. 1970 . Observations on burrowing behavior in Limulus polyphemus (Chelicerata, Merostomata), with implications on the functional anatomy of trilobites . American Museum Novitates , 2436 : 1 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• El‐Khayal , A.A. and Romano , M. 1988 . A revision of the upper part of the Saq Formation and Hanadir Shale (lower Ordovician) of Saudi Arabia . Geological Magazine , 125 : 161 – 174 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fedonkin , M.A. 1985 . “ Paleoichnology of Vendian Metazoa ” . In The Vendian System: historic‐geological and palaeontological basis Edited by: Sokolov , B.S. and Ivanovskiy , M.A. Vol. 1 , 112 – 116 . (In Russian)
   Google Scholar
• Fenton , C.L. and Fenton , M.A. 1937 . Trilobite “nests”; and feeding burrows . American Midland Naturalist , 18 : 446 – 451 .
   Google Scholar
• Fillion , D. and Pickerill , R.K. 1990 . Ichnology of the Upper Cambrian? to Lower Ordovician Bell Island and Wabana groups of eastern Newfoundland . Palaeontographica Canadiana , 7 : 1 – 119 .
   Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald , P.G. and Barrett , P.J. 1986 . Skolithos in a Permian braided river deposit, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica . Palaegeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , 52 : 237 – 247 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghare , M.A. and Kulkarni , K.G. 1986 . Jurassic ichnofauna of Kutch—II. Wagad Region . Biobigyanam , 12 : 44 – 62 .
   Google Scholar
• Gibson , G.G. 1989 . Trace fossils from Late Precambrian Carolina slate belt, south‐central North Carolina . Journal of Paleontology , 63 : 1 – 10 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldring , R. 1985 . The formation of the trace fossil Cruziana . Geological Magazine , 102 : 65 – 72 .
   Google Scholar
• Goldring , R. 1991 . Fossils in the field , 218 New York : Longman Scientific & Technical .
   Google Scholar
• Haldeman , S.S. 1840 . Supplement to number one of a “monograph of the Limniades, or freshwater univalve shells of North America”;, containing descriptions of apparently new animals in different classes, and the names and characters of the subgenera in Paludina and Anculosa 3 Philadelphia
   Google Scholar
• Hall , J. 1843 . “ Geology of New York. Part 4 ” . In Survey of the Fourth Geological District , 683 Albany : Carroll and Cook .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , J. 1847 . “ Palaeontology of New York, Volume I ” . In Containing descriptions of the organic remains of the Lower Division of the New York System (equivalent of the Lower Silurian rocks of Europe) , 338 Albany : C. van Benthuy‐sen .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , J. 1852 . “ Palaeontology of New York, Volume II ” . In Containing descriptions of the organic remains of the Lower Middle Division of the New York System (equivalent in part to the Middle Silurian rocks of Europe) , 362 Albany : C. van Benthuysen .
   Google Scholar
• Hallam , A. and Swett , K. 1966 . Trace fossils from the Lower Cambrian Pipe Rock of the north‐west Highlands . Scottish Journal of Geology , 2 : 101 – 106 .
   Google Scholar
• Hamblin , A.P. and Walker , R.G. 1979 . Storm dominated shallow marine deposits: the Fernie‐Kootenay (Jurassic) transition, southern Rocky Mountains . Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , 16 : 1673 – 1690 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han , Y. and Pickerill , R.K. 1995 . Taxonomic review of the ichnogenus Helminthopsis Heer 1977 with a statistical analysis of selected ichnospecies . Ichnos , 4 : 83 – 118 .
   Google Scholar
• Harrington , H.J. and Leanza , A.F. 1957 . Ordovician trilobites of Argentina , 259 Kansas : University of Kansas Special Publication .
   Google Scholar
• Heer , O. 1877 . Flora fossilis Helvetiae. Die vorweltliche Flora der Schweiz , 182 Zürich : J. Wurster & Company .
   Google Scholar
• Hein , F.J. 1987 . Tidal/littoral offshore shelf deposits‐lower Cambrian Gog Group, southern Rocky Mountains, Canada . Sedimentary Geology , 52 : 155 – 182 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiscott , R.N. 1982 . Tidal deposits of the Lower Cambrian Random Formation, eastern Newfoundland: fades and paleoenvironments . Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , 19 : 2028 – 2042 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiscott , R.N. , James , N.P. and Pemberton , S.G. 1984 . Sedimentology and ichnology of the Lower Cambrian Bradore Formation, coastal Labrador: Fluvial to shallow‐marine transgressive sequence . Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geologists , 32 : 11 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Hobday , D.K. and Horne , J.C. 1977 . Tidally influenced barrier island and estuarine sedimentation in the Upper Carboniferous of southern west Virginia . Sedimentary Geology , 18 : 97 – 122 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman , H.J. 1979 . Chazy (Middle Ordovician) trace fossils in the Ottawa‐St. Lawrence Lowlands . Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin , 321 : 27 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman , H.J. 1983 . Early Cambrian problematic fossils near June Lake, Mackenzie Mountains, N.W.T . Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , 20 : 1513 – 1520 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman , H.J. and Patel , I.M. 1989 . Trace fossils from the type ‘Etcheminian Series’ (Lower Cambrain Ratcliffe Brook Formation), Saint John area, New Brunswick, Canada . Geological Magazine , 126 : 139 – 157 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howell , B.F. 1943 . Burrows of Skolithos and Planolites in the Cambrian Hardyston Sandstone at Reading, Pennsylvania . Wagner Free Institute of Science of Philadelphia Bulletin , 3 : 1 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Howell , B.F. 1944 . A new Skolithos from the Cambrian Hardyston Formation of Pennsylvania . Wagner Free Institute of Science of Philadelphia Bulletin , 19 : 41 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Howell , B.F. 1957 . Stipsellus annulatus a Skolithos‐like Cambrian fossil from Arizona . Wagner Free Institute of Science of Philadelphia Bulletin. , 32 : 17 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Jansa , L.F. 1975 . “ Tidal deposits in the Monkman Quartzite (Lower Ordovician) Northeastern British Columbia, Canada ” . In Tidal deposits. A casebook of Recent examples and Fossil counterparts , Edited by: Ginsburg , R.N. 153 – 161 . New York : Springer‐Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Jensen , S. 1990 . Predation by early Cambrian trilo‐bites on infaunal worms—evidence from the Swedish Mickwitzia Sandstone . Lethaia , 23 : 29 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keighley , D.G. and Pickerill , R.K. 1995 . The ichno‐taxa Palaeophycus and Planolites: historical perspectives and recommendations . Ichnos , 3 : 301 – 309 .
   Google Scholar
• Klein , G.de V. 1975 . “ Tidalites in the Eureka Quartzite (Ordovician), Eastern California and Nevada ” . In Tidal deposits. A casebook of Recent examples and Fossil counterparts , Edited by: Ginsburg , R.N. 145 – 151 . New York : Springer‐Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Ksiażkiewicz , M. 1968 . O niektórych problematykach z fliszu Karpat Polskich (Czećz III): Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego w . Kraków Rocznik , 38 : 3 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Ksizazkiewicz , M. 1977 . Trace fossils in the flysch of the Polish Carpathians . Palaeontologica Polonica , 36 : 1 – 208 .
   Google Scholar
• Legg , I.C. 1985 . Trace fossils from a Middle Cambrian deltaic sequence, North Spain. In Curran H.A. Biogenic structures: their use in interpreting depositional environments . Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication , 35 : 151 – 165 .
   Google Scholar
• Lesquereux , L. 1876 . Species of fossil marine plants from the Carboniferous Measures . Geological Survey of Indiana, Annual Report , 7 : 134 – 145 .
   Google Scholar
• Leszczyńki , S. and Seilacher , A. 1991 . Ichnocoenoses of a turbidite sole . Ichnos , 1 : 293 – 303 .
   Google Scholar
• Maillard , G. 1887 . Considérations sur les fossiles décrits comme algues . Société Paléontologique de la Suisse, Mémoire , 14 : 1 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• McCann , T. 1993 . A Nereites ichnofacies from the Ordovician‐Silurian Welsh Basin . Ichnos , 3 : 39 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• McCann , T. and Pickerill , R.K. 1988 . Flysch trace fossils from the Cretaceous Kodiak Formation of Alaska . Journal of Paleontology , 62 : 330 – 348 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , S.A. and Dyer , C.B. 1878 . Contributions to paleontology, No. 2 , Cincinnati, lip. : Private publication .
   Google Scholar
• Myrow , P.M. 1992 . Pot and gutter casts from the Chapel Island Formation, southeast Newfoundland . Journal of Sedimentary Petrology , 62 : 992 – 1007 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narbonne , G.M. and Aitken , J.D. 1990 . Ediacaran fossils from the Sekwi Brook area, Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada . Palaeontology , 33 : 945 – 980 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narbonne , G.M. and Hoffman , H.J. 1987 . Ediacaran biota of the Wernecke Mountains, Yukon, Canada . Palaeontology , 30 : 646 – 676 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholson , H.A. 1873 . “Contributions to the study of the errant annelides of the older Palaeozoic rocks”; . Royal Society of London Proceedings , 21 : 288 – 290 .
   Google Scholar
• Orbigny , A.d’ . 1942 . Voyage dans l'Amérique méridionale—le Brésil, la république orientale de l'Uruguay, la république Argentine, la Patagonie, la république du Chili, la république de Bolivia, la république du Pérou—exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 Paléontololgie , 188 Paris : PitoisLeverault . Ve. Leverault, Strasbourg.
   Google Scholar
• Orlówski , S. , Radwański , A. and Roniewicz , P. 1970 . The trilobite ichnocoenoses in the Cambrian sequence of the Holy Cross Mountains. In Crimes, T.P. and Harper, J.C. Trace Fossils . Geological Journal , 3 ( Special Issue ) : 345 – 360 .
   Google Scholar
• Osgood , R.G. Jr. 1970 . Trace fossils of the Cincinnati area . Palaeontographica Americana , 6 : 281 – 444 .
   Google Scholar
• Pemberton , S.G. and Frey , R.W. 1982 . Trace fossil nomenclature and the Planolites‐Palaeophycus dilemma . Journal of Paleontology , 56 : 843 – 871 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pemberton , S.G. and Frey , R.W. 1984 . “ Ichnology of storm‐influenced shallow marine sequence: Cardium Formation (Upper Cretaceous) at Seebe, Alberta ” . In The Mesozoic of middle North America , Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir Edited by: Stott , D.F. and Glass , D.J. Vol. 9 , 281 – 304 .
   Google Scholar
• Pemberton , S.G. and Jones , B. 1988 . Ichnology of the Pleistocene Ironshore Formation, Grand Cayman Island, British West Indies . Journal of Paleontology , 62 : 495 – 505 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pemberton , S.G. , Frey , R.W. and Bromley , R.G. 1988 . The ichnotaxonomy of Conostichus and other plug‐shaped ichnofossils . Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , 25 : 886 – 892 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pemberton , S.G. , MacEachern , J.A. and Ranger , M.J. Applications of Ichnology to Petroleum Exploration . Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Core Workshop . Ichnology and event stratigraphy: the use of trace fossils in recognizing tempestites , Edited by: Pemberton , S.G. Vol. 17 , pp. 15 – 118 .
   Google Scholar
• Pickerill , R.K. 1981 . Trace fossils in a Lower Palaeozoic submarine canyon sequence‐the Siegas Formation of northwestern New Brunswick, Canada . Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology , 17 : 36 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Pickerill , R.K. 1992 . Carboniferous nonmarine invertebrate ichnocoenoses from southern New Brunswick, eastern Canada . Ichnos , 2 : 21 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Pickerill , R.K. 1995 . Deep‐water marine Rusophycus and Cruziana from the Ordovician Lotbiniére Formation of Quebec . Atlantic Geology , 31 : 103 – 108 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickerill , R.K. and Fillion , D. 1983 . On the Tremadoc‐Arenig and Lower‐Upper Tremadoc boundaries in the Bell Island Group, Conception Bay, eastern Newfoundland . Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology , 19 : 21 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Pickerill , R.K. and Forbes , W.H. 1979 . Ichnology of the Trenton Group in the Quebec City area . Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , 16 : 2022 – 2039 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickerill , R.K. , Fillion , D. and Harland , T.L. 1984 . Middle Ordovician trace fossils in carbonates of the Trenton Group between Montreal and Quebec City, St. Lawrence Lowland, eastern Canada . Journal of Paleontology , 58 : 416 – 439 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickerill , R.K. , Fyffe , L.R. and Forbes , W.H. 1989 . Late Ordovician‐Early Silurian trace fossils from the Matapedia Group, Tobique River, western New Brunswick, Canada. II. Additional discoveries with descriptions and comments . Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology , 24 : 139 – 148 .
   Google Scholar
• Poiré , D.G. and del Valle , A. Depositional facies and trace fossils of a Cambrian/Ordovician shelf bar deposit, Balcarce Formation, Cabo Corrientes, Mar del Plata, Argentina . Abstracts of Papers 14th International Sedimentological Congress . Recife. pp. S5 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Pollard , J.E. , Goldring , R. and Buck , S.G. 1993 . Ichnofabrics containing Ophiomorpha: significance in shallow‐water fades interpretation . Journal of the Geological Society of London , 150 : 149 – 164 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radwański , A. and Roniewicz , P. 1963 . Upper Cambrian trilobite ichnocoenosis from Wielka Wisniowka (Holy Cross Mountains, Poland) . Acta Palaeontologica Polonica , 8 : 259 – 301 .
   Google Scholar
• Radwański , A. and Roniewicz , P. 1972 . A long trilobite‐trackway, Cruziana semiplicata Salter, from the Upper Cambrian of the Holy Cross Mts . Acta Geológica Polonica , 22 : 439 – 447 .
   Google Scholar
• Ramos , V.A. 1973 . Trazas de trilobites de la Formación Campanario (Cámbrico) en la Puna Salteña y otros fósiles problemáticos del Paleozoico inferior . Ameghiniana , 10 : 229 – 234 .
   Google Scholar
• Ranger , M.J. and Pemberton , S.G. 1988 . “ Marine influence on the McMurray Formation in the Primrose area, Alberta ” . In Sequences, Stratigraphy, Sedimentology: Surface and Subsurface , Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir Edited by: James , D.P. and Leckie , D.A. Vol. 15 , 439 – 450 .
   Google Scholar
• Richter , R. 1937 . Marken und Spuren aus allen Zeiten. 1–2 . Senckenbergiana , 19 : 150 – 169 .
   Google Scholar
• Rouault , M. 1850 . Note préliminaire (1) sur une nouvelle formation découverte dans le terrain silurien inférieur de la Bretagne . Société Géologique de France, Bulletin, série , 2 ( 7 ) : 724 – 744 .
   Google Scholar
• Rust , I.C. 1977 . Evidence of shallow marine and tidal sedimentation in the Ordovician Graafwater Formation, Cape Province, South Africa . Sedimentary Geology , 18 : 123 – 133 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salter , J.W. 1853 . On the lowest fossiliferous beds of north Wales . British Association for the Advancement of Science, Report for 1852 , : 56 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Salter , J.W. 1864 . Notes on the fossils from Budleigh Salterton pebble bed . Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London , 20 : 286 – 302 .
   Google Scholar
• Saporta , L.C.J.G. de. 1872 . Paléontologie française ou description des fossiles de la France (Commencée par Alcide d'Orbigny) continuée par une réunion de paléontologistes sous la direction d'un comité special , Vol. 1 , 1 – 506 . Paris : Végétaux. Plantes jurassiques. G. Masson . Série 2.
   Google Scholar
• Seilacher , A. 1955 . “ 4. Spuren und Lebensspuren der Trilobiten ” . In Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Kambriums in der Salt Range (Pakistan) , Edited by: Schindewolf , O.H. and Seilacher , A. Vol. 10 , 373 – 399 . Abhandlungen : Akademiee der Wissenschaften und der Literatur zu Mainz, mathematisch‐naturwissenschaftliche Klasse .
   Google Scholar
• Seilacher , A. 1960 . Lebensspuren als leitfossilien . Geologische Rundschau , 49 : 41 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Seilacher , A. 1970 . Cruziana stratigraphy of “non‐fossiliferous”; Palaeozoic sandstones. In Crimes, T.P. and Harper, J.C. Trace Fossils . Geological Journal , : 447 – 476 .
   Google Scholar
• Seilacher , A. 1982 . “ Distinctive features of sandy tempestites ” . In Cyclic and event stratification , Edited by: Einsele , G. and Seilacher , A. 333 – 349 . Berlin Heidelberg New York : Springer‐Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Seilacher , A. Geology of Jordan . Proceedings of the 1st Jordanian Geological Congress of the Jordanian Geologists’ Association . Paleozoic sandstones in southern Jordan: trace fossils, depositional environments and biogeography , Edited by: Abed , A.M. and Khaled , H.M. pp. 209 – 222 .
   Google Scholar
• Seilacher , A. 1985 . Trilobite palaeobiology and substrate relationships . Royal Society of Edinburgh Transactions: Earth Sciences , 76 : 231 – 237 .
   Google Scholar
• Seilacher , A. 1990 . “ Paleozoic trace fossils ” . In The Geology of Egypt , Edited by: Said , R . 649 – 670 . Rotterdam Brookfield : A.A. Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Seilacher , A. 1992 . “ An updated Cruziana stratigraphy of Gondwanan Palaeozoic sandstones ” . In The Geology of Libia, 5 , Edited by: Salem , M.J. 1565 – 1580 . Amsterdam and New York : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Seilacher , A. and Crimes , T.P. 1969 . “European”; species of trilobite burrows in eastern Newfoundland ” . In North Atlantic geology and continental drift , American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir Edited by: Kay , M. Vol. 12 , 145 – 148 .
   Google Scholar
• Sekiguchi , K. 1988 . “ Ecology ” . In Biology of horseshoe crabs , Edited by: Sekiguchi , K. 50 – 68 . Tokyo : Science House .
   Google Scholar
• Shuster , C.N. Jr. 1982 . “ A pictorial review of the natural history and ecology of the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus with reference to other limulidae ” . In Physiology and biology of horseshoe crabs , Edited by: Bonaventura , J. , Bonaventura , G. and Tesh , S. 1 – 52 . New York : Alan R. Liss Incorporated .
   Google Scholar
• Simpson , E.L. 1991 . “ An exhumed, Lower Cambrian tidal flat: the Antietam Formation, central Virginia, U.S.A. ” . In Clastic Tidal Sedimentology , Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir Edited by: Smith , D.G. , Reinson , G.E. , Zaitlin , B.A. and Rahmani , R.A. Vol. 16 , 123 – 134 .
   Google Scholar
• Skoog , S.Y. , Venn , C. and Simpson , E.L. 1994 . Distribution of Diopatra cuprea across modern tidal flats: Implications for Skolithos . Palaios , 9 : 188 – 201 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , D.B. 1988 . “ Bypassing of sand over sand waves and through a sand wave field in the central region of the Southern North Sea ” . In Tide‐influenced sedimentary environments and fades , Edited by: De Boer , P.L. , van Gelder , A. and Nio , S.D. 51 – 64 . Boston : D. Reidel Publishing Company .
   Google Scholar
• Stanley , D.C.A. and Pickerill , R.K. 1994 . Planolites constriannulatus isp. nov. from the Late Ordovician Georgian Bay Formation of southern Ontario, eastern Canada . Ichnos , 3 : 119 – 123 .
   Google Scholar
• Swift , D.J.P. , Hudelson , P.M. , Brenner , R.L. and Thompson , P. 1987 . Shelf construction in a foreland basin: storm beds, shelf sandbodies, and shelf‐slope depositional sequences in the Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group, Book Cliffs, Utah . Sedimentology , 34 : 423 – 457 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swinbanks , D.D. and Murray , J.W. 1981 . Biosedimen‐tological zonation of Boundary Bay tidal flats, Fraser River Delta, British Columbia . Sedimentology , 28 : 201 – 237 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tankard , A.J. and Hobday , D.K. 1977 . Tide‐dominated back‐barrier sedimentation, early Ordovician Cape Basin, Cape Peninsula, South Africa . Sedimentary Geology , 18 : 135 – 159 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , A.M. and Goldring , R. 1993 . Description and analysis of bioturbation and ichnofabric . Journal of the Geological Society , 150 : 141 – 148 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terwindt , J.H.J. 1988 . “ Palaeo‐tidal reconstructions of inshore tidal depositional environments ” . In Tide‐influenced seedimentary environments and fades , Edited by: De Boer , P.L. , van Gelder , A. and Nio , S.D. 233 – 263 . Boston : D. Reidel Publishing Company .
   Google Scholar
• Thayer , C.W. 1983 . “ Sediment‐mediated biological disturbance and the evolution of marine benthos ” . In Biotic interactions in recent and fossil benthic communities , Edited by: Tevesz , M.J.S. and McCall , P.L. 475 – 625 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , A.M. 1975 . “ Clastic coastal environments in Ordovidan molasse, Central Appalachians ” . In Tidal deposits. A casebook of Recent examples and Fossil counterparts , Edited by: Ginsburg , R.N. 135 – 143 . New York : Springer‐Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Thorez , J. , Goemaere , E. and Dreesen , R. 1988 . “ Tideand wave‐influenced depositional environments in the Psammites du Condroz (Upper Famennian) in Belgium ” . In Tide‐influenced sedimentary environments and fades , Edited by: De Boer , P.L. , van Gelder , A. and Nio , S.D. 389 – 415 . Boston : D. Reidel Publishing Company .
   Google Scholar
• Turner , J.C.M. 1964 . Descripción geológica de la hoja 2c. Santa Victoria . Boletín del Instituto Nacional de Geología y Minería , 104 : 118
   Google Scholar
• Visser , M.J. 1980 . Neap‐spring cycles reflected in Holocene subtidal large‐scale bedform deposits: A preliminary note . Geology , 8 : 543 – 546 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vossler , S.M. and Pemberton , S.G. 1988a . Skolithos in the Upper Cretaceous Cardium Formation: an ichnofossil example of opportunistic ecology . Lethaia , 21 : 351 – 362 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vossler , S.M. and Pemberton , S.G. 1988b . Superabundant Chondrites: a response to storm buried organic material? . Lethaia , 21 : 94
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walcott , C.D. 1890 . Descriptive notes of new genera and species from the Lower Cambrian or Olenellus Zone of North America . United States National Museum Proceedings , 12 : 33 – 46 . (1889)
   Google Scholar
• Walker , R.G. , Duke , W.L. and Leckie , D.A. 1983 . Hummocky stratification: Significance of its variable bedding sequences. Discussion . Bulletin of the Geological Sodety of America , 94 : 1245 – 1251 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walter , M.R. , Elphinstone , R. and Heys , G.R. 1989 . Proterozoic and Early Cambrian trace fossils from the Amadeous and Georgina Basins, central Australia . Alcheringa , 13 : 209 – 256 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webby , B.D. 1970 . Late Precambrian trace fossils from New South Wales . Lethaia , 3 : 79 – 109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webby , B.D. 1983 . Lower Ordovician arthropod trace fossils from western New South Wales . Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales , 107 : 59 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Wetzel , A. 1981 . Ökologische und stratigraphische Bedeutung biogener Gefüge in quartären Sedimenten am NW—afrikanischen Kontinentalrand . “Meteor”; Forschungs‐Ergebnisse, Reihe C , 34 : 1 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Corresponding author.
   Google Scholar