REFERENCES
- Cowan , J. C. and Weintritt , D. J. 1976 . Water-Formed Scale Deposits , Houston, TX : Gulf Publishing Co .
- Amjad , Z. , ed. 1995 . Mineral Scale Formation and Inhibition , New York : Plenum Press . and references therein
- Amjad , Z. , ed. 1998 . Calcium Phosphates in Biological and Industrial Systems , Boston : Kluwer Academic Publishers . and references therein
- Amjad , Z. and Hooley , J. P. 1994 . Tenside. Surf. Det. , 31 : 12
- Amjad , Z. 1988 . Can. J. Chem. , 66 : 2180
- Oddo , J. E. and Tomson , M. B. 1994 . SPE Production & Facilities , February : 47
- Kemmer , F. N. 1988 . The Nalco Water Handbook , New York : McGraw-Hill Company .
- 1980 . Betz handbook of industrial water conditioning , Pennsylvania : Betz Laboratories, Inc., B Trevose .
- Tanis , J. N. 1987 . Procedures of Industrial Water Treatment , Ridgefield, CT : Ltan Inc. .
- Katzel , J. 1989 . Plant Engineering , 27 : 32
- 1973 . Power Special Report . Power , March : S-1
- Elliot , E. C. 1985 . Power , December : S – 1 .
- Branan , C. R. 1994 . Rules of Thumb for Chemical Engineers , p. 127 Houston, TX : Gulf Publishing Co. .
- Demadis , K. D. 2003 . Chemical Processing , May : 29
- Frenier , W. W. 2001 . Technology for Chemical Cleaning of Industrial Equipment , Houston, TX : NACE Press . and references therein
- McCoy , J. W. 1984 . Industrial Chemical Cleaning , New York : Chemical Publishing .
- Poff , G. 1978 . Mater. Perform. , 10 : 24
- Wohlberg , C. and Buchholz , J. R. 1975 . Corrosion/75 Paper No. 143 , Houston, TX : National Association of Corrosion Engineers .
- Smith , C. W. 1993 . Industrial Water Treatment , July/August : 20
- Midkiff , W. S. and Foyt , H. P. 1979 . Materials Performance , August : 39
- Midkiff , W. S. and Foyt , H. P. 1978 . Materials Performance , February : 17
- Midkiff , W. S. and Foyt , H. P. Cooling Technology Institute, TP77–16 (TP-169A)
- Midkiff , W. S. and Foyt , H. P. 1976 . Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Report LA-UR-76–660
- Midkiff , W. S. March 1974 . Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Report LA-5508-MS March ,
- Dequest: Phosphonates by Solutia (Introductory Guide) Publication # 7459151B
- Dequest: Phosphonates by Solutia (2054 Phosphonates for scale and corrosion control, chelation, dispersion) Publication # 7450006A
- Dequest: Phosphonates by Solutia (2060-S, 2066 & 2066-A Phosphonates: metal ion control agents) Publication # 7459369
- Dequest: Phosphonates by Solutia (2000 & 2006 Phosphonates for scale and corrosion control, chelation, dispersion) Publication # 7459023B
- Gill , J. and Varsanik , R. G. 1986 . J. Cryst. Growth , 76 : 57
- Matty , J. M. and Tomson , M. B. 1988 . Appl. Geochem. , 3 : 549
- Tomson , M. B. 1983 . J. Cryst. Growth , 62 : 106
- Blum , H. and Christophliemk , P. 1987 . Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon , 30 : 619
- Amjad , Z. 1988 . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 123 : 523
- Masler , W. F. and Amjad , Z. 1988 . Corrosion/88 Paper No. 11 , Houston, TX : National Association of Corrosion Engineers .
- Deluchat , V. , Bollinger , J-C. , Serpaud , B. and Caullet , C. 1997 . Talanta , 44 : 897
- Oddo , J. E. and Tomson , M. B. 1990 . Applied Geochem. , 5 : 527
- Sweeney , F. M. and Cooper , S. D. March 2–5 1993 . Society of Petroleum Engineers International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry March 2–5 , New Orleans, LA paper SPE 25159
- Oddo , J. E. and Tomson , M. B. 1992 . Corrosion/92 Paper No. 34 , Houston, TX : National Association of Corrosion Engineers .
- Xiao , J. , Kan , A. T. and Tomson , M. B. 1998 . American Chemical Society-Division of Fuel Chemistry, Symposium Preprints , 43 : 246
- Browning , F. H. and Fogler , H. S. 1996 . AIChE Journal , 42 : 2883
- Vetter , O. J. 1973 . J. Pet. Tech. , March : 339
- Pairat , R. , Sumeath , C. , Browning , F. H. and Fogler , H. S. 1997 . Langmuir , 13 : 1791
- Browning , F. H. and Fogler , H. S. 1996 . AIChE Journal , 42 : 2883
- Carter , R. P. , Carrol , R. L. and Irani , R. R. 1967 . Inorg. Chem. , 6 : 939
- Hasson , D. , Semiat , R. , Bramson , D. , Busch , M. and Limoni-Relis , B. 1998 . Desalination , 118 : 285
- Gill , J. S. B. 1999 . Desalination , 124 : 43
- Hamed , O. A. , Al-Sofi , M. A. K. , Imam , M. , Mardouf , K. B. , Al-Mobayed , A. S. and Ehsan , A. B. 2000 . Desalination , 128 : 275
- Gill , J. S. 1995 . International Water Conference , paper # 23 : 93
- Sastri , V. S. 1998 . Corrosion inhibitors: principles and applications , Chichester, New York : Wiley .
- Nathan , C. C. , ed. 1973 . Corrosion Inhibitors , Houston, TX : NACE International .
- Kuznetsov , Y. I. 1996 . Organic inhibitors of corrosion of metals , New York : Plenum Press .
- European Federation of Corrosion . 1994 . Corrosion Inhibitors , London, , England : The Institute of Metals . Publication # 11
- Farooqi , I. H. , Nasir , M. A. and Quraishi , M. 1997 . Corr. Prev. & Control , October : 129
- Reddy , M. M. and Nancollas , G. H. 1973 . Desalination , 12 : 61
- Tomson , M. B. 1983 . J. Cryst. Growth , 62 : 106
- Klepetsanis , P. G. and Koutsoukos , P. G. 1998 . J. Cryst. Growth , 193 : 156
- Harmandas , N. G. , Navarro Fernandez , E. and Koutsoukos , P. G. 1998 . Langmuir , 14 : 1250
- Dalpi , M. , Karayianni , E. and Koutsoukos , P. G. 1993 . J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. , 89 : 965
- Xyla , A. G. , Mikroyannidis , J. and Koutsoukos , P. G. 1992 . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 153 : 537
- Amjad , Z. 1997 . Tenside Surf. Det. , 34 : 102
- Masler W. F. III and Amjad Z. , European Patent Application 0 267 597 A2
- Smyk , E. B. , Hoots , J. E. , Fivizzani , K. P. and Fulks , K. E. 1988 . Corrosion/88 Paper No. 14 , Houston, TX : National Association of Corrosion Engineers .
- Hoots , J. E. and Crucil , G. A. 1986 . Corrosion/86 Paper No. 13 , Houston, TX : National Association of Corrosion Engineers .
- Becker L. W. , European Patent Application 0 109 200 A1 , ( 1984 ).
- Kaesler R. W. and Fong D. W. . US patent 4,983,686 ( 1991 )
- Fong D. W. . US patent 4,795,789 ( 1989 )
- Hoots J. E. , Johnson D. A. , and Fong D. W. . US patent 4,756,881 ( 1988 )
- Kowalski D. J. and Fong D. W. . US patent 4,490,308 , ( 1985 )
- Fong D. W. and Vallino B. Jr. European Patent Application EP 265846 ( 1988 )
- Fong D. W. . German Patent DE 3616583 ( 1987 ).
- Johnson , C. K. 1976 . ORTEP: A fortran thermal ellipsoid plot program , Technical Report ORNL-5138 Oak Ridge, TN : Oak Ridge National Laboratory .
- Gabe , E. J. , Page , Y. Le. , Charland , J.-P. , Lee , F. L. and White , P. S. 1989 . J. Appl. Crystallogr. , 22 : 384
- 1974 . International Tables for X-ray Crystallography , Birmigham, , U.K. : Kynoch Press . Spectral assignments were made based on information from the following references:
- Bellamy , L. J. 1975 . The Infrared Spectra of Complex Molecules , London : Chapman and Hall .
- Alpert , N. L. , Keiser , W. E. and Szymanski , H. A. 1970 . IR: Theory and Practice of Infrared Spectroscopy , 2nd ed. , New York : Plenum Press .
- Socrates , G. 1994 . Infrared Characteristic Group Frequencies: Tables and Charts , 2nd ed. , Chichester, , U.K. : Wiley .
- Thomas , L. C. 1974 . Interpretation of the Infrared Spectra of Organophosphorous Compounds , London : Heyden .
- Reis , A. H. Jr. , Peterson , S. W. , Dryan , M. E. , Gebert , E. , Mason , G. W. and Peppard , D. F. 1976 . Inorg. Chem. , 15 : 2748
- Dryan , M. E. , Reis , A. H. Jr. , Gebert , E. , Peterson , S. W. , Mason , G. W. and Peppard , D. F. 1976 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 98 : 4801
- Cao , G. , Lynch , V. M. , Swinnea , J. S. and Mallouk , T. E. 1990 . Inorg. Chem. , 29 : 2112
- Smith , P. H. and Raymond , K. N. 1988 . Inorg. Chem. , 27 : 1056
- Gibson , D. and Karaman , R. 1989 . J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. , : 1911
- Langley , K. J. , Squattrito , P. J. , Adani , F. and Montoneri , E. 1996 . Inorg. Chim. Acta , 253 : 77
- Cao , G. , Lee , H. , Lynch , V. M. and Mallouk , T. E. 1988 . Solid State Ionics , 26 : 63
- Schloth , R.-M. , Lork , E. , Seifert , F. U. , Röschenthaler , G.-V. , Cohen , H. , Golomb , G. and Breuer , E. 1996 . Naturwissenschaften , 83 : 571
- DeLaMatter , D. , McCullough , J. J. and Calvo , C. 1973 . J. Phys. Chem. , 77 : 1146
- Peterson , S. W. , Gebert , E. , Reis , A. H. Jr. , Dryan , M. E. , Mason , G. W. and Peppard , D. F. 1977 . J. Phys. Chem. , 81 : 466
- Gebert , E. , Reis , A. H. Jr. , Dryan , M. E. , Peterson , S. W. , Mason , G. W. and Peppard , D. F. 1977 . J. Phys. Chem. , 81 : 471
- Sergienko , V. S. , Tolkacheva , E. O. and Ilyukhin , A. B. 1993 . Zh. Neorg. Khim. , 38 : 1129
- Shkol'nikova , L. M. , Afonin , E. G. , Kalugina , E. V. and Sotman , S. S. 1991 . Kristallografiya , 36 : 77
- Rochdaoui , R. , Silvestre , J. P. , Nguyen , Q. D. , Lee , M. R. and Neuman , A. 1990 . Acta Crystallog. Sect. C Cryst. Struct. Comm. , C46 : 2083
- Silvestre , J. P. , Messbahi , N. El. , Rochdaoui , R. , Nguyen , Q. D. , Lee , M. R. and Neuman , A. 1990 . Acta Crystallog. Sect. C Cryst. Struct. Comm. , C46 : 986
- Afonin , E. G. , Pechurova , N. I. , Gladkikh , O. P. , Masyuk , A. A. and Shkol'nikova , L. M. 1988 . Zh. Obshch. Khim. , 58 : 2646
- Barnett , B. L. and Strickland , L. C. 1979 . Acta Crystallog. Sect. B , B35 : 1212
- Uchtman , V. A. and Gloss , R. A. 1972 . J. Phys. Chem. , 76 : 1298
- Uchtman , V. A. 1972 . J. Phys. Chem. , 76 : 1304
- Nardelli , M. , Pelizzi , G. , Staibano , G. and Zucchi , E . 1983 . Inorg. Chim. Acta , 80 : 259
- Mathew , M. , Fowler , B. O. , Breuer , E. , Golomb , G. , Alferiev , I. S. and Eidelman , N. 1998 . Inorg. Chem. , 37 : 6485
- Peräkylä , M. , Pakkanen , T. A. and Pohjala , E. 1992 . J. Comput.-Aided Mol. Des. , 6 : 303
- Peräkylä , M. , Pakkanen , T. A. , Björkroth , J.-P. and Pohjala , E. 1992 . J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. , 2 : 1167
- Räsänen , J. P. , Peräkylä , M. , Pohjala , E. and Pakkanen , T. A. 1994 . J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. , 2 : 1055
- Räsänen , J. P. , Pohjala , E. and Pakkanen , T. A. 1994 . J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. , 2 : 2485
- Räsänen , J. P. , Pohjala , E. and Pakkanen , T. A. 1995 . J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. , 2 : 39
- Räsänen , J. P. , Pohjala , E. , Nikander , H. and Pakkanen , T. A. 1996 . J. Phys. Chem. , 100 : 8230
- Räsänen , J. P. , Pohjala , E. , Nikander , H. and Pakkanen , T. A. 1997 . J. Phys. Chem. A , 101 : 5196
- Bijvoet , O. L. M. , Fleisch , H. A. , Canfield , R. E. and Russell , R. G. G. , eds. 1995 . Bisphosphonates on Bone , Basel : Elsevier Science .
- Klein , B. Y. , Ben-Bassat , H. , Breuer , E. , Solomon , V. and Golomb , G. 1998 . J. Cell. Biochem. , 68 : 186
- Golomb , G. , Van Gelder , J. M. , Alferiev , I. S. , Ornoy , A. , Hoffman , A. , Schlossman , A. , Friedman-Ezra , A. , El-Hanany-Rozen , N. and Chen , R. 1996 . Phosphorus, Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem. , 221 : 109 – 110 .
- Charpin , P. P. , Lance , M. , Nierlich , M. , Vigner , D. , Lee , M.-R. , Silvestre , J.-P. and Dao , N. Q. 1988 . Acta Crystallog. Sect. C Cryst. Struct. Comm. , C44 : 990
- Vanderpool , D. 1997 . International Water Conference 383 paper # 40
- Westerback , S. , Rajan , K. S. and Martell , A. E. 1965 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 87 : 2567
- Motekaitis , R. J. , Murase , I. and Martell , A. E. 1971 . Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett. , 7 : 1103
- Motekaitis , R. J. , Murase , I. and Martell , A. E. 1976 . Inorg. Chem. , 15 : 2303
- Zaki , M. T. and Rizkalla , E. N. 1980 . Talanta , 27 : 423
- Rizkalla , E. N. and Zaki , M. T. 1979 . Talanta , 26 : 507
- Rizkalla , E. N. and Zaki , M. T. 1980 . Talanta , 27 : 769
- Moedrizer , K. and Irani , R. R. 1966 . J. Org. Chem. , : 1603
- Carter , R. P. , Carrol , R. L. and Irani , R. R. 1967 . Inorg. Chem. , 6 : 939
- Wiers , B. H. 1971 . Inorg. Chem. , 10 : 2581
- Fonong , T. , Burton , D. J. and Pietrzyk , D. J. 1983 . Anal. Chem. , 55 : 1089
- Sawada , K. , Araki , T. and Suzuki , T. 1987 . Inorg. Chem. , 26 : 1199
- Kabachnik , M. I. , Medved , T. Y. , Dyatlova , N. M. and Rudomino , M. V. 1974 . Russ. Chem. Rev. , 43 : 733
- Nikitina , L. V. , Grigor'ev , A. I. and Dyatlova , N. M. 1974 . Zh. Obsch. Khim. , 44 : 1669
- Dubin , L. 1980 . Corrosion/80, Paper No. 222 , Houston, TX : National Association of Corrosion Engineers .
- Bartholomew , R. D. 1998 . International Water Conference 523 paper # 74
- Vaska , M. and Go , W. 1993 . Industrial Water Treatment , March/April : 39
- Demadis , K. D. 2003 . Compact Heat Exchangers and Enhancement Technology for the Process Industries , Edited by: Shah , R. K. 483 Begell House Inc. .