Energy Transfer Modes in Pulsed Laser Seam Welding

REFERENCES

• Dawes, C. Laser Welding- A Practical Guide; Woodland Publishers: Abington, MA, 1994; 110 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Asibu Jr., E.K. Principles of Laser Materials Processing; John Wiley & Sons: Hoboken, NJ, 2009; 515 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Wua, Q.; Gongb, J.; Chenb, G.; Xu, L. Research on laser welding of vehicle body. Optics and Laser Technology 2008, 40 (2), 420–426.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bardin, F.; Sorgan, S.; Williams, S.; McBride, R.; Moore, A.J.; Jones, J.D.C.; Hand, D.P. Process control of laser conduction welding by thermal imaging measurement with a color camera. Applied Optics 2005, 44 (32), 6841–6848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez-Amaya, J.M.; Delgado, T.; González-Rovira, L.; Botana, F.J. Laser welding of aluminum alloys 5083 and 6082 under conduction regime. Applied Surface Science 2009, 255 (23), 9512–9521.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steen, W.M. Laser Material Processing; Springer-Verlag: London, UK, 2010; 199 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Ion, J.C. Laser Processing of Engineering Materials; Principles, Procedure and Industrial Application; Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemamm: Burlington, MA, 2005; 396 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Torkamany, M.J.; Ghaini, F.M.; Papan, E.; Dadras S. Process optimization in Titanium welding with pulsed Nd:YAG laser. Science of Advanced Materials 2012, 4 (3–4), 489–496.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan, Y.; Richardson, I.M. Keyhole behaviour during laser welding of zinc-coated steel. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 2011, 44 (4), 1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Ribic, B.; Tsukamoto, S.; Rai, R.; DebRoy, T. Role of surface-active elements during keyhole-mode laser welding. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 2011, 44 (48), 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Harinath, Y.V.; Gopal, K.A.; Murugan, S.; Albert, S.K. Study on laser welding of fuel clad tubes and end plugs made of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel for metallic fuel of fast breeder reactors. Journal of Nuclear Materials 2013, 435 (1–3), 32–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assuncao, E.; Williams, S.; Yapp, D. Interaction time and beam diameter effects on the conduction mode limit. Optics and Lasers in Engineering 2012, 50 (6), 823–828.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J.Y.; Ko, S.H.; Farson, D.F.; Yoo, C.D. Mechanism of keyhole formation and stability in stationary laser welding. Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics 2002, 35 (13), 1570–1576.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buvanashekaran, G.; Shanmugam, S.N.; Sankaranarayanasamy, K.; Sabarikanth, R. A study of laser welding modes with varying beam energy levels. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 2009, 223 (5), 1141–1156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, D.J.; Ma, G.Y.; Niu, F.Y.; Guo, D.M. Pulsed laser welding of Hastelloy C-276: high-temperature mechanical properties and microstructure. Materials and Manufacturing Processes 2013, 28 (5), 524–528.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assuncao, E.; Williams, S. Comparison of continuous wave and pulsed wave laser welding effects. Optics and Lasers in Engineering 2013, 51 (6), 674–680.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J.T.; Weckman, D.C.; Kerr, H.W. The effects of process variables on pulsed Nd:YAG laser spot welds: Part I. AISI 409 stainless steel. Metallurgical and Material Transactions B 1993, 24 (6), 1065–1076.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weckman, D.C.; Kerr, H.W.; Liu, J.T. The effects of process variables on pulsed Nd:YAG laser spot welds: Part II. AA 1100 aluminum and comparison to AISI 409 stainless steel. Metallurgical and Material Transactions B 1997, 28 (4), 687–700.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tzeng, Y.F. Parametric analysis of the pulsed Nd:YAG laser seam-welding process. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 2000, 102 (1–3), 40–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torkamany, M.J.; Hamedi, M.J.; Malek, F.; Sabbaghzadeh, J. The effect of process parameters on keyhole welding with a 400 W Nd:YAG pulsed laser. Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics 2006, 39 (21), 4563–4567.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bransch, H.N.; Weckman, D.C.; Kerr, H.W. Effect of pulse shaping on Nd:YAG spot weld in austenitic stainless steels. Welding Research Supplement 1994, 5, 141s–151s.
   Google Scholar
• Kou, S. Welding Metallurgy; John Wiley & Sons, Inc: Hoboken, NJ, 2003; 180 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Ribic, B.; Palmer, T.; DebRoy, T. Problems and issues in laser- arc hybrid welding. International Materials Review 2009, 54 (4), 223–244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibillano, T.; Ancona, A.; Berardi, V.; Schingaro, E.; Basile, G.; Lugará, P.M. Optical detection of conduction/keyhole mode transition in laser welding. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 2007, 191 (1–3), 364–367.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapsanska, H.; Chmelickova, H.; Hrabovsky, M. Effect of beam energy on weld geometric characteristics in Nd:YAG laser overlapping spot welding of thin AISI 304 stainless steel sheets. Metallurgical and Material Transactions B 2010, 41 (5), 1108–1115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, W.; Bailey, N.S.; Shin, Y.C. Investigation of keyhole plume and molten pool based on a three- dimensional dynamic model with sharp interface formulation. Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics 2013, 46 (5), 1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Fujinaga, S.; Takenaka, H.T.; Narikiyo; Katayama, S.; Matsunawa, A. Direct observation of keyhole behaviour during pulse modulated high-power Nd:YAG laser irradiation. Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics 2000, 33 (5), 492–497.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar