176
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Incidence, risk factors, and pathogenesis of second malignancies in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma

, , , &
Pages 1482-1495 | Received 28 Feb 2007, Accepted 11 May 2007, Published online: 01 Jul 2009

References

  • National Cancer Institute, DCCPS, Surveillance Research Program, Cancer Statistics Branch, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program (www.seer.cancer.gov) SEER*Stat Database: Incidence—SEER 13 Regs Public-Use, Nov 2004 Sub (1973 – 2002 varying), released April 2005, based on the November 2004 submission
  • Cancer Facts and Figures 2005. American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Ga 2005
  • Tward J D, Wendland M M, Shrieve D C, Szabo A, Gaffney D K. The risk of secondary malignancies over 30 years after the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer 2006; 107: 108–115
  • Travis L B, Curtis R E, Boice J D, Jr, Fraumeni J F, Jr. Bladder cancer after chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 544–545
  • Travis L B, Curtis R E, Boice J D, Jr, Hankey B F, Fraumeni J F, Jr. Second cancers following non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cancer 1991; 67: 2002–2009
  • Travis L B, Curtis R E, Glimelius B, Holowaty E, Van Leeuwen F E, Lynch C F, et al. Second cancers among long-term survivors of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993; 85: 1932–1937
  • Travis L B, Curtis R E, Glimelius B, Holowaty E J, Van Leeuwen F E, Lynch C F, et al. Bladder and kidney cancer following cyclophosphamide therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87: 524–530
  • Brennan P, Coates M, Armstrong B, Colin D, Boffetta P. Second primary neoplasms following non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in New South Wales, Australia. Br J Cancer 2000; 82: 1344–1347
  • Brennan P, Scelo G, Hemminki K, Mellemkjaer L, Tracey E, Andersen A, et al. Second primary cancers among 109 000 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Br J Cancer 2005; 93: 159–166
  • Okines A, Thomson C S, Radstone C R, Horsman J M, Hancock B W. Second primary malignancies after treatment for malignant lymphoma. Br J Cancer 2005; 93: 418–424
  • Mudie N Y, Swerdlow A J, Higgins C D, Smith P, Qiao Z, Hancock B W, et al. Risk of second malignancy after non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a British Cohort Study. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 1568–1574
  • Greene M H, Young R C, Merrill J M, DeVita V T. Evidence of a treatment dose response in acute nonlymphocytic leukemias which occur after therapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cancer Res 1983; 43: 1891–1898
  • Andre M, Mounier N, Leleu X, Sonet A, Brice P, Henry-Amar M, et al. Second cancers and late toxicities after treatment of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma with the ACVBP regimen: a GELA cohort study on 2837 patients. Blood 2004; 103: 1222–1228
  • Armitage J O, Carbone P P, Connors J M, Levine A, Bennett J M, Kroll S. Treatment-related myelodysplasia and acute leukemia in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 897–906
  • Darrington D L, Vose J M, Anderson J R, Bierman P J, Bishop M R, Chan W C, et al. Incidence and characterization of secondary myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia following high-dose chemoradiotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation for lymphoid malignancies. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12: 2527–2534
  • Lavey R S, Eby N L, Prosnitz L R. Impact on second malignancy risk of the combined use of radiation and chemotherapy for lymphomas. Cancer 1990; 66: 80–88
  • Lenz G, Dreyling M, Schiegnitz E, Haferlach T, Hasford J, Unterhalt M, et al. Moderate increase of secondary hematologic malignancies after myeloablative radiochemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation in patients with indolent lymphoma: results of a prospective randomized trial of the German Low Grade Lymphoma Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22: 4926–4933
  • Oddou S, Vey N, Viens P, Bardou V J, Faucher C, Stoppa A M, et al. Second neoplasms following high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for malignant lymphomas: a report of six cases in a cohort of 171 patients from a single institution. Leuk Lymphoma 1998; 31: 187–194
  • Pedersen-Bjergaard J, Jonsson V, Pedersen M, Hou-Jensen K. Leiomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder after cyclophosphamide. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13: 532–533
  • Stone R M, Neuberg D, Soiffer R, Takvorian T, Whelan M, Rabinowe S N, et al. Myelodysplastic syndrome as a late complication following autologous bone marrow transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12: 2535–2542
  • Moertel C G, Hagedorn A B. Leukemia or lymphoma and coexistent primary malignant lesions: a review of the literature and a study of 120 cases. Blood 1957; 12: 788–803
  • Berg J W. The incidence of multiple primary cancers. I. Development of further cancers in patients with lymphomas, leukemias, and myeloma. J Natl Cancer Inst 1967; 38: 741–752
  • Zarrabi M H. Association of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and second neoplasms. Semin Oncol 1980; 7: 340–351
  • MacDougall B K, Weinerman B H, Kemel S. Second malignancies in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cancer 1981; 48: 1299–1301
  • Storm H H, Prener A. Second cancer following lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers in Denmark, 1943 – 80. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1985; 68: 389–409
  • Harris N L, Jaffe E S, Diebold J, Flandrin G, Muller-Hermelink H K, Vardiman J, et al. World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: report of the Clinical Advisory Committee meeting-Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17: 3835–3849
  • National Cancer Institute sponsored study of classifications of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: summary and description of a working formulation for clinical usage. The Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Pathologic Classification Project. Cancer 1982; 49: 2112–2135
  • A clinical evaluation of the International Lymphoma Study Group classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Classification Project. Blood 1997; 89: 3909–3918
  • A predictive model for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The International Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Prognostic Factors Project. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 987–994
  • Philip T, Guglielmi C, Hagenbeek A, Somers R, Van der Lelie H, Bron D, et al. Autologous bone marrow transplantation as compared with salvage chemotherapy in relapses of chemotherapy-sensitive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1540–1545
  • Pedersen-Bjergaard J, Ersboll J, Hansen V L, Sorensen B L, Christoffersen K, Hou-Jensen K, et al. Carcinoma of the urinary bladder after treatment with cyclophosphamide for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med 1988; 318: 1028–1032
  • Pedersen-Bjergaard J, Ersboll J, Sorensen H M, Keiding N, Larsen S O, Philip P, et al. Risk of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and preleukemia in patients treated with cyclophosphamide for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Comparison with results obtained in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease and ovarian carcinoma with other alkylating agents. Ann Intern Med 1985; 103: 195–200
  • Boice J D. Cancer following medical irradiation. Cancer 1981; 47(5 Suppl)1081–1090
  • Boice J D, Jr. Radiation and breast carcinogenesis. Med Pediatr Oncol 2001; 36: 508–513
  • Travis L B, Weeks J, Curtis R E, Chaffey J T, Stovall M, Banks P M, et al. Leukemia following low-dose total body irradiation and chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 565–571
  • Pedersen-Bjergaard J, Daugaard G, Hansen S W, Philip P, Larsen S O, Rorth M. Increased risk of myelodysplasia and leukaemia after etoposide, cisplatin, and bleomycin for germ-cell tumours. Lancet 1991; 338: 359–363
  • Travis L B. The epidemiology of second primary cancers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15: 2020–2026
  • Behrens C, Travis L B, Wistuba, II, Davis S, Maitra A, Clarke E A, et al. Molecular changes in second primary lung and breast cancers after therapy for Hodgkin's disease. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000; 9: 1027–1035
  • De Benedetti V M, Travis L B, Welsh J A, van Leeuwen F E, Stovall M, Clarke E A, et al. p53 mutations in lung cancer following radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996; 5: 93–98
  • Khan M A, Travis L B, Lynch C F, Soini Y, Hruszkewycz A M, Delgado R M, et al. p53 mutations in cyclophosphamide-associated bladder cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998; 7: 397–403
  • Leonard D G, Travis L B, Addya K, Dores G M, Holowaty E J, Bergfeldt K, et al. p53 mutations in leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome after ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2002; 8: 973–985
  • Allan J M, Travis L B. Mechanisms of therapy-related carcinogenesis. Nat Rev Cancer 2005; 5: 943–955
  • Pedersen-Bjergaard J, Philip P, Larsen S O, Andersson M, Daugaard G, Ersboll J, et al. Therapy-related myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia. Cytogenetic characteristics of 115 consecutive cases and risk in seven cohorts of patients treated intensively for malignant diseases in the Copenhagen series. Leukemia 1993; 7: 1975–1986
  • Baldwin E L, Osheroff N. Etoposide, topoisomerase II and cancer. Curr Med Chem Anticancer Agents 2005; 5: 363–372
  • Kelly L M, Gilliland D G. Genetics of myeloid leukemias. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2002; 3: 179–198
  • Orlandi E, Lazzarino M, Bernasconi P, Astori C, Bernasconi C. Secondary acute myeloid leukemia following treatment with VP16-containing regimens for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Haematologica 1998; 83: 758–759
  • Larson R A, Wang Y, Banerjee M, Wiemels J, Hartford C, Le Beau M M, et al. Prevalence of the inactivating 609C–>T polymorphism in the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) gene in patients with primary and therapy-related myeloid leukemia. Blood 1999; 94: 803–807
  • Naoe T, Takeyama K, Yokozawa T, Kiyoi H, Seto M, Uike N, et al. Analysis of genetic polymorphism in NQO1, GST-M1, GST-T1, and CYP3A4 in 469 Japanese patients with therapy-related leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome and de novo acute myeloid leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2000; 6: 4091–4095
  • Allan J M, Wild C P, Rollinson S, Willett E V, Moorman A V, Dovey G J, et al. Polymorphism in glutathione S-transferase P1 is associated with susceptibility to chemotherapy-induced leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 11592–11597
  • Roboz G J, Bennett J M, Coleman M, Ritchie E K, Furman R R, Rossi A, et al. Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia following initial treatment with chemotherapy plus radioimmunotherapy for indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Res 2007
  • Halperin E C. Particle therapy and treatment of cancer. Lancet Oncol 2006; 7: 676–685
  • Hall E. Radiobiology for the Radiobiologist. JB Lippincott Co., Philadelphia 1988
  • Aust A E, Eveleigh J F. Mechanisms of DNA oxidation. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1999; 222: 246–252
  • Hall E. Radiobiology for the Radiobiologist5th ed. JB Lippincott Co., Philadelphia 2000
  • Dong C, Hemminki K. Second primary neoplasms among 53 159 haematolymphoproliferative malignancy patients in Sweden, 1958 – 1996: a search for common mechanisms. Br J Cancer 2001; 85: 997–1005
  • van Leeuwen F E, Klokman W J, Stovall M, Dahler E C, van't Veer M B, Noordijk E M, et al. Roles of radiation dose, chemotherapy, and hormonal factors in breast cancer following Hodgkin's disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003; 95: 971–980
  • Travis L B, Hill D A, Dores G M, Gospodarowicz M, van Leeuwen F E, Holowaty E, et al. Breast cancer following radiotherapy and chemotherapy among young women with Hodgkin disease. Jama 2003; 290: 465–475
  • Latz D, Nassar N, Frank R. Trofosfamide in the palliative treatment of cancer: a review of the literature. Onkologie 2004; 27: 572–576
  • Gandhok N, Sartor O. Unexpected response of hormone-refractory prostate cancer to treatment with an antileukemic chemotherapy regimen. Urology 2004; 64: 807–809
  • Patel A V, Rodriguez C, Jacobs E J, Solomon L, Thun M J, Calle E E. Recreational physical activity and risk of prostate cancer in a large cohort of U.S. men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14: 275–279
  • Greenwald P. Lifestyle and medical approaches to cancer prevention. Recent Results Cancer Res 2005; 166: 1–15
  • Amling C L. The association between obesity and the progression of prostate and renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2004; 22: 478–484
  • West J G, Qureshi A, West J E, Chacon M, Sutherland M L, Haghighi B, et al. Risk of angiosarcoma following breast conservation: a clinical alert. Breast J 2005; 11: 115–123
  • Rubino C, Shamsaldin A, Le M G, Labbe M, Guinebretiere J M, Chavaudra J, et al. Radiation dose and risk of soft tissue and bone sarcoma after breast cancer treatment. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 89: 277–288
  • Pothuri B, Ramondetta L, Martino M, Alektiar K, Eifel P J, Deavers M T, et al. Development of endometrial cancer after radiation treatment for cervical carcinoma. Obstet Gynecol 2003; 101(5 Pt 1)941–945
  • Moser E C, Noordijk E M, van Leeuwen F E, Baars J W, Thomas J, Carde P, et al. Risk of second cancer after treatment of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; an EORTC cohort study. Haematologica 2006; 91: 1481–1488
  • Travis L B, Curtis R E, Stovall M, Holowaty E J, van Leeuwen FE, Glimelius B, et al. Risk of leukemia following treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86: 1450–1457
  • Travis L B, Rabkin C S, Brown L M, Allan J M, Alter B P, Ambrosone C B, et al. Cancer survivorship – genetic susceptibility and second primary cancers: research strategies and recommendations. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006; 98: 15–25
  • Blume K G. Autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?. Ann Hematol 2002; 81(Suppl 2)S9–S11
  • Horwitz S M, Negrin R S, Blume K G, Breslin S, Stuart M J, Stockerl-Goldstein K E, et al. Rituximab as adjuvant to high-dose therapy and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2004; 103: 777–783
  • Nademanee A, Forman S, Molina A, Fung H, Smith D, Dagis A, et al. A phase 1/2 trial of high-dose yttrium-90-ibritumomab tiuxetan in combination with high-dose etoposide and cyclophosphamide followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with poor-risk or relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2005; 106: 2896–2902
  • Vose J M, Bierman P J, Enke C, Hankins J, Bociek G, Lynch J C, et al. Phase I trial of iodine-131 tositumomab with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation for relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 461–467
  • Khouri I F. Reduced-intensity regimens in allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for non-hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2006; 390–397
  • Law L Y, Horning S J, Wong R M, Johnston L J, Laport G G, Lowsky R, et al. High-dose carmustine, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide followed by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2006; 12: 703–711
  • Maloney D G. Graft-vs.-lymphoma effect in various histologies of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2003; 44(Suppl 3)S99–S105
  • Bhatia S, Ramsay N K, Steinbuch M, Dusenbery K E, Shapiro R S, Weisdorf D J, et al. Malignant neoplasms following bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1996; 87: 3633–3639
  • Deeg H J, Socie G. Malignancies after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: many questions, some answers. Blood 1998; 91: 1833–1844
  • Kolb H J, Socie G, Duell T, Van Lint M T, Tichelli A, Apperley J F, et al. Malignant neoplasms in long-term survivors of bone marrow transplantation. Late Effects Working Party of the European Cooperative Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation and the European Late Effect Project Group. Ann Intern Med 1999; 131: 738–744
  • Lowsky R, Lipton J, Fyles G, Minden M, Meharchand J, Tejpar I, et al. Secondary malignancies after bone marrow transplantation in adults. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12: 2187–2192
  • Witherspoon R P, Fisher L D, Schoch G, Martin P, Sullivan K M, Sanders J, et al. Secondary cancers after bone marrow transplantation for leukemia or aplastic anemia. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 784–789
  • Rizzo J, Curtis R, Deeg H J. Long-term follow-up of allogeneic blood stem cell and bone marrow transplantation: a collaborative study of EBMT and IBMTR. Blood 2001; 98: 774A
  • Curtis R E, Rowlings P A, Deeg H J, Shriner D A, Socie G, Travis L B, et al. Solid cancers after bone marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 897–904
  • de Vathaire F, Francois P, Hill C, Schweisguth O, Rodary C, Sarrazin D, et al. Role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the risk of second malignant neoplasms after cancer in childhood. Br J Cancer 1989; 59: 792–796
  • Garwicz S, Anderson H, Olsen J H, Dollner H, Hertz H, Jonmundsson G, et al. Second malignant neoplasms after cancer in childhood and adolescence: a population-based case-control study in the 5 Nordic countries. The Nordic Society for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. The Association of the Nordic Cancer Registries. Int J Cancer 2000; 88: 672–678
  • Neglia J P, Friedman D L, Yasui Y, Mertens A C, Hammond S, Stovall M, et al. Second malignant neoplasms in five-year survivors of childhood cancer: childhood cancer survivor study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93: 618–629
  • Leung W, Sandlund J T, Hudson M M, Zhou Y, Hancock M L, Zhu Y, et al. Second malignancy after treatment of childhood non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer 2001; 92: 1959–1966
  • de Vathaire F, Hardiman C, Shamsaldin A, Campbell S, Grimaud E, Hawkins M, et al. Thyroid carcinomas after irradiation for a first cancer during childhood. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159: 2713–2719
  • Neglia J P, Meadows A T, Robison L L, Kim T H, Newton W A, Ruymann F B, et al. Second neoplasms after acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1330–1336
  • Pottern L M, Kaplan M M, Larsen P R, Silva J E, Koenig R J, Lubin J H, et al. Thyroid nodularity after childhood irradiation for lymphoid hyperplasia: a comparison of questionnaire and clinical findings. J Clin Epidemiol 1990; 43: 449–460
  • Ron E, Modan B, Preston D, Alfandary E, Stovall M, Boice J D, Jr. Thyroid neoplasia following low-dose radiation in childhood. Radiat Res 1989; 120: 516–531
  • Beaty O, III, Hudson M M, Greenwald C, Luo X, Fang L, Wilimas J A, et al. Subsequent malignancies in children and adolescents after treatment for Hodgkin's disease. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13: 603–609
  • Tarbell N J, Gelber R D, Weinstein H J, Mauch P. Sex differences in risk of second malignant tumours after Hodgkin's disease in childhood. Lancet 1993; 341: 1428–1432
  • Bhatia S, Robison L L, Oberlin O, Greenberg M, Bunin G, Fossati-Bellani F, et al. Breast cancer and other second neoplasms after childhood Hodgkin's disease. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 745–751
  • Hancock S L, Tucker M A, Hoppe R T. Breast cancer after treatment of Hodgkin's disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993; 85: 25–31
  • Hawkins M M, Wilson L M, Burton H S, Potok M H, Winter D L, Marsden H B, et al. Radiotherapy, alkylating agents, and risk of bone cancer after childhood cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996; 88: 270–278
  • Le Vu B, de Vathaire F, Shamsaldin A, Hawkins M M, Grimaud E, Hardiman C, et al. Radiation dose, chemotherapy and risk of osteosarcoma after solid tumours during childhood. Int J Cancer 1998; 77: 370–377
  • Tucker M A, D'Angio G J, Boice J D, Jr, Strong L C, Li F P, Stovall M, et al. Bone sarcomas linked to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in children. N Engl J Med 1987; 317: 588–593
  • Gomez G A, Aggarwal K K, Han T. Post-therapeutic acute malignant myeloproliferative syndrome and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in non – Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cancer 1982; 50: 2285–2288
  • Meadows A T, Baum E, Fossati-Bellani F, Green D, Jenkin R D, Marsden B, et al. Second malignant neoplasms in children: an update from the Late Effects Study Group. J Clin Oncol 1985; 3: 532–538
  • Pillon M, Di Tullio MT, Garaventa A, Cesaro S, Putti M C, Favre C, et al. Long-term results of the first Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology protocol for the treatment of pediatric B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (AIEOP LNH92). Cancer 2004; 101: 385–394
  • Sandoval C, Pui C H, Bowman L C, Heaton D, Hurwitz C A, Raimondi S C, et al. Secondary acute myeloid leukemia in children previously treated with alkylating agents, intercalating topoisomerase II inhibitors, and irradiation. J Clin Oncol 1993; 11: 1039–1045
  • Pyatt D W, Hays S M, Cushing C A. Do children have increased susceptibility for developing secondary acute myelogenous leukemia?. Chem Biol Interact 2005; 153/154: 223–229
  • Pui C H, Ribeiro R C, Hancock M L, Rivera G K, Evans W E, Raimondi S C, et al. Acute myeloid leukemia in children treated with epipodophyllotoxins for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1682–1687
  • Smith M A, Rubinstein L, Anderson J R, Arthur D, Catalano P J, Freidlin B, et al. Secondary leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome after treatment with epipodophyllotoxins. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17: 569–577
  • Sugita K, Furukawa T, Tsuchida M, Okawa Y, Nakazawa S, Akatsuka J, et al. High frequency of etoposide (VP - 16)-related secondary leukemia in children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1993; 15: 99–104
  • Smith M A, Rubinstein L, Cazenave L, Ungerleider R S, Maurer H M, Heyn R, et al. Report of the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program monitoring plan for secondary acute myeloid leukemia following treatment with epipodophyllotoxins. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993; 85: 554–558
  • German J. Bloom's syndrome. XX. The first 100 cancers. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1997; 93: 100–106
  • Poppe B, Van Limbergen H, Van Roy N, Vandecruys E, De Paepe A, Benoit Y, et al. Chromosomal aberrations in Bloom syndrome patients with myeloid malignancies. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2001; 128: 39–42
  • Makis A, Polychronopoulou S, Haidas S. Osteosarcoma as a second tumor after treatment for primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a child with ataxia-telangiectasia: presentation of a case and review of possible pathogenetic mechanisms. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2004; 26: 444–446
  • Overberg-Schmidt U, Wegner R D, Baumgarten E, Gunther A, Ebell W, Stein H, et al. Low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a child with ataxia telangiectasia. Cancer 1994; 73: 1522–1525

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.