Exercise training (ET) in adult and elderly patients receiving anti-lymphoma treatments is feasible and may improve the provision of care

References

• Courneya KS, Sellar CM, Stevinson C, et al. Randomized controlled trial of the effects of aerobic exercise on physical functioning and quality of life in lymphoma patients. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(27):4605–4612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elbl L, Vasova I, Tomaskova I, et al. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in the evaluation of functional capacity after treatment of lymphomas in adults. Leuk Lymphoma. 2006;47(5):843–851.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mols F, Aaronson NK, Vingerhoets AJ, et al. Quality of life among long-term non-Hodgkin lymphoma survivors: a population-based study. Cancer. 2007;109(8):1659–1667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith SK, Zimmerman S, Williams CS, et al. Post-traumatic stress outcomes in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma survivors. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(6):934–941.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hjermstad MJ, Fossa SD, Oldervoll L, et al. Fatigue in long-term Hodgkin’s disease survivors: a follow-up study. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(27):6587–6595.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mato AR, Nabhan C, Thompson MC, et al. Toxicities and outcomes of 616 ibrutinib-treated patients in the United States: a real-word analysis. Haematologica. 2018;103(5):874–879.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morschhauser F, Fowler NH, Feugier P, RELEVANCE Trial Investigators, et al. Rituximab plus lenalidomide in advanced untreated follicular lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(10):934–947.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arrieta H, Astrugue C, Regueme S. Effects of a physical activity programme to prevent physical performance decline in onco-geriatric patients: a randomized multicentre trial. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2019;10(2):287–297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bron D, Aurer I, André MPE, European Lymphoma Institute (ELI) Group and the EHA SWG “Aging and Hematology”, et al. Unmet needs in the scientific approach to older patients with lymphoma. Haematologica. 2017;102(6):972–975.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfreundschuh M. How I treat elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2010;116(24):5103–5110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishra SI, Scherer RW, Geigle PM, et al. Exercise interventions on health-related quality of life for cancer survivors. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;8:CD007566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strasser B, Steindorf K, Wiskemann J, et al. Impact of resistance training in cancer survivors: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013;45(11):2080–2090.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitz KH, Courneya KS, Matthews C, American College of Sports Medicine, et al. American College of Sports Medicine roundtable on exercise guidelines for cancer survivors. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(7):1409–1426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiseman N. The Second World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research expert report. Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. Proc Nutr Soc. 2008;67(3):253–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes M, Chen WDF, Kroenke C, et al. Physical activity and survival after breast cancer diagnosis. JAMA. 2005;293(20):2479–2486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irwin ML, Smith AW, McTiernan A, et al. Influence of pre- and postdiagnosis physical activity on mortality in breast cancer survivors: the health, eating, activity, and lifestyle study. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(24):3958–3964.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyerhardt JA, Giovannucci EL, Holmes MD, et al. Physical activity and survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(22):3527–3534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyerhardt JA, Heseltine D, Niedzwiecki D, et al. Impact of physical activity on cancer recurrence and survival in patients with stage III colon cancer: findings from CALGB 89803. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(22):3535–3541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adamsen L, Quist M, Andersen C, et al. Effect of a multimodal high intensity exercise intervention in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2009;339:b3410–b3410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courneya KS, Segal RJ, Mackey JR, et al. Effects of aerobic and resistance exercise in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(28):4396–4404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Waart H, Stuiver MM, van Harten WH, et al. Effect of low-intensity physical activity and moderate- to high-intensity physical exercise during adjuvant chemotherapy on physical fitness, fatigue, and chemotherapy completion rates: results of the PACES randomized clinical trial. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(17):1918–1927.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell KL, Winters-Stone KM, Wiskemann J, et al. Exercise guidelines for cancer survivors: consensus statement from international multidisciplinary roundtable. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51(11):2375–2390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimeo F, Schwartz S, Fietz T, et al. Effects of endurance training on the physical performance of patients with hematological malignancies during chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer. 2003;11(10):623–628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimeo FC, Tilmann MH-M, Bertz H, et al. Aerobic exercise in the rehabilitation of cancer patients after high dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation. Cancer. 1997;79(9):1717–1722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes SC, Davies PS, Parker TW, et al. Role of a mixed type, moderate intensity exercise programme after peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Br J Sports Med. 2004;38(3):304–309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman EA, Coon S, Hall-Barrow J, et al. Feasibility of exercise during treatment for multiple myeloma. Cancer Nurs. 2003;26:410–419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson RW, Jacobsen PB, Fields KK. Pilot study of a home-based aerobic exercise program for sedentary cancer survivors treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2005;35(7):721–727.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knips L, Bergenthal N, Streckmann F, et al. Aerobic physical exercise for adult patients with haematological malignancies. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;1(11):CD009075.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiskemann J, Dreger P, Schwerdtfeger R, et al. Effects of a partly self-administered exercise program before, during, and after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Blood. 2011;117(9):2604–2613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Streckmann F, Kneis S, Leifert JA, et al. Exercise program improves therapy-related side-effects and quality of life in lymphoma patients undergoing therapy. Ann Oncol. 2014;25(2):493–499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buffart LM, Kalter J, Sweegers MG, et al. Effects and moderators of exercise on quality of life and physical function in patients with cancer: an individual patient data meta-analysis of 34 RCTs. Cancer Treat Rev. 2017;52:91–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu RD, Chinapaw MJ, Huijgens PC, et al. Physical exercise interventions in haematological cancer patients, feasible to conduct but effectiveness to be established: a systematic literature review. Cancer Treat Rev. 2009;35(2):185–192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiskemann J, Huber G. Physical exercise as adjuvant therapy for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2008;41(4):321–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merli F, Luminari S, Rossi G, for the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi, et al. Outcome of frail elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma prospectively identified by Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment: results from a study of the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi. Leuk Lymphoma. 2014;55(1):38–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper KH. Aerobics. New York (NY): M Evans & Co; 1968.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper KH. A means of assessing maximal oxygen intake: correlation between field and treadmill testing. JAMA. 1968;203(3):201–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed “Up & Go”: a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991;39(2):142–148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, et al. European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age Ageing. 2010;39(4):412–423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Różańska-Kirschke A, Kocur P, Wilk M, et al. The Fullerton Fitness Test as an index of fitness in the elderly. Med Rehabil. 2006;10:9–16.
   Google Scholar
• van Waart H, Stuiver MM, van Harten WH, et al. Design of the Physical Exercise during Adjuvant Chemotherapy Effectiveness Study (PACES): a randomized controlled trial to evaluate effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of physical exercise in improving physical fitness and reducing fatigue . BMC Cancer. 2010;10:673.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanska DJ, Goetz CG. Romberg's sign: development, adoption, and adaptation in the 19th century. Neurology. 2000;55(8):1201–1206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, et al. Bradley's neurology in clinical practice. Philadelphia (PA): Elsevier Saunders; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Ware JE, Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care. 1992;30(6):473–483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maruish ME. User's manual for the SF-36v2 Health Survey. Lincoln (RI): QualityMetric Incorporated; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Hjermstad MJ, Fossa SD, Bjordal K, et al. Test/retest study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality-of-Life Questionnaire. J Clin Oncol. 1995;13(5):1249–1254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaasa S, Bjordal K, Aaronson N, et al. The EORTC core quality of life questionnaire (QLQC30): Validity and reliability when analysed with patients treated with palliative radiotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 1995;31(13-14):2260–2263.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osoba D, Zee B, Pater J, et al. Psychometric properties and responsiveness of the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) in patients with breast, ovarian and lung cancer. Qual Life Res. 1994;3(5):353–364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjordal K, Kaasa S. Psychometric validation of the EORTC Core Quality of Life Questionnaire, 30-item version and a diagnosis-specific module for head and neck cancer patients. Acta Oncol. 1992;31(3):311–321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiskemann J, Kuehl R, Dreger P, et al. Efficacy of exercise training in SCT patients–who benefits most? Bone Marrow Transplant. 2014;49(3):443–448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persoon S, ChinAPaw MJM, Buffart LM, et al. Randomized controlled trial on the effects of a supervised high intensity exercise program in patients with a hematologic malignancy treated with autologous stem cell transplantation: results from the EXIST study. PLoS One. 2017;12(7):e0181313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balducci S, D’Errico V, Haxhi J, Italian Diabetes and Exercise Study 2 (IDES_2) Investigators, et al. Effect of a behavioral intervention strategy on sustained change in physical activity and sedentary behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes: the IDES_2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019;321(9):880–890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SEER Cancer Stat Facts. [cited 2020 Oct 27]. Available from: https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts.
   Google Scholar
• Grimby G, Saltin B. The ageing muscle. Clin Physiol. 1983;3(3):209–218.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bozzetti F. Forcing the vicious circle: sarcopenia increases toxicity, decreases response to chemotherapy and worsens with chemotherapy. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(9):2107–2118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitamura I, Koda M, Otsuka R, et al. Six-year longitudinal changes in body composition of middle-aged and elderly Japanese: age and sex differences in appendicular skeletal muscle mass. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2014;14(2):354–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes VA, Frontera WR, Wood M, et al. Longitudinal muscle strength changes in older adults: influence of muscle mass, physical activity, and health. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(5):B209–B217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodpaster BH, Park SW, Harris TB, et al. The loss of skeletal muscle strength, mass, and quality in older adults: the health, aging and body composition study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61(10):1059–1064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanis JA. Diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk. Lancet. 2002;359(9321):1929–1936.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svendsen P, Shekhrajka N, Nielsen KL, et al. R-CHOP(-like) treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma significantly reduces CT-assessed vertebral bone density: a single center study of 111 patients. Leuk Lymphoma. 2017;58(5):1105–1113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kampshoff CS, Chinapaw MJ, Brug J, et al. Randomized controlled trial of the effects of high intensity and low-to-moderate intensity exercise on physical fitness and fatigue in cancer survivors: results of the Resistance and Endurance exercise After ChemoTherapy (REACT) study . BMC Med. 2015;13:275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Travier N, Velthuis MJ, Steins Bisschop CN, et al. Effects of an 18-week exercise programme started early during breast cancer treatment: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Med. 2015;13:121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Vulpen JK, Velthuis MJ, Steins Bisschop CN, et al. Effects of an exercise program in colon cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48(5):767–775.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Gemert WA, Schuit AJ, van der Palen J, et al. Effect of weight loss, with or without exercise, on body composition and sex hormones in postmenopausal women: the SHAPE-2 trial. Breast Cancer Res. 2015;17(1):120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westin JR, Thompson MA, Cataldo VD, et al. Zoledronic acid for prevention of bone loss in patients receiving primary therapy for lymphomas: a prospective, randomized controlled phase III trial. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2013;13(2):99–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman EA, Coon SK, Kennedy RL, et al. Effects of exercise in combination with epoetin alfa during high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2008;35(3):E53–E61.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shelton ML, Lee JQ, Morris GS, et al. A randomized control trial of a supervised versus a self-directed exercise program for allogeneic stem cell transplant patients. Psychooncology. 2009;18(4):353–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarden M, Baadsgaard MT, Hovgaard DJ, et al. A randomized trial on the effect of a multimodal intervention on physical capacity, functional performance and quality of life in adult patients undergoing allogeneic SCT. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2009;43(9):725–737.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hacker ED, Larson J, Kujath A, et al. Strength training following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cancer Nurs. 2011;34(3):238–249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knols RH, de Bruin ED, Shirato K, et al. Physical activity interventions to improve daily walking activity in cancer survivors. BMC Cancer. 2010;10:406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blair SN, Kohl HW, 3rd, Paffenbarger RS, Jr, et al. Physical fitness and all-cause mortality. A prospective study of healthy men and women. JAMA. 1989;262(17):2395–2401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kodama S, Saito K, Tanaka S, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2009;301(19):2024–2035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmid D, Leitzmann MF. Cardiorespiratory fitness as predictor of cancer mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Oncol. 2015;26(2):272–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards J, Hillsdon M, Thorogood M, et al. Face-to-face interventions for promoting physical activity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;30(9):CD010392.
   Google Scholar
• Courneya KS, Jones LW, Peddle CJ, et al. Effects of aerobic exercise training in anemic cancer patients receiving darbepoetin alfa: a randomized controlled trial. Oncologist. 2008;13(9):1012–1020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones LW, Eves ND, Haykowsky M, et al. Cardiorespiratory exercise testing in clinical oncology research: systematic review and practice recommendations. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9(8):757–765.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coiffier B, Lepage E, Brière J, et al. CHOP chemotherapy plus rituximab compared with CHOP alone in elderly patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(4):235–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peyrade F, Jardin F, Thieblemont C, Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte (GELA) investigators, et al. Attenuated immunochemotherapy regimen (R-miniCHOP) in elderly patients older than 80 years with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12(5):460–468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorokin J, Saboury B, Ahn JA, et al. Adverse functional effects of chemotherapy on whole-brain metabolism: a PET/CT quantitative analysis of FDG metabolic pattern of the "chemo-brain". Clin Nucl Med. 2014;39(1):e35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar