Clinical effects of a single dose of cannabinoids to patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

References

• Apostolidis J, Mokhtar N, Al Omari R, et al. Follicular lymphoma: update on management and emerging therapies at the dawn of the new decade. Hematol Oncol. 2020;38(3):213–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma S, Rai KR. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treatment: so many choices, such great options. Cancer. 2019;25(9):1432–1440.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustafsson K, Christensson B, Sander B, et al. Cannabinoid receptor-mediated apoptosis induced by R(+)-methanandamide and Win55,212-2 is associated with ceramide accumulation and p38 activation in mantle cell lymphoma. Mol Pharmacol. 2006;70(5):1612–1620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKallip RJ, Lombard C, Fisher M, et al. Targeting CB2 cannabinoid receptors as a novel therapy to treat malignant lymphoblastic disease. Blood. 2002;100(2):627–634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wasik AM, Almestrand S, Wang X, et al. WIN55,212-2 induces cytoplasmic vacuolation in apoptosis-resistant MCL cells [research support, Non-U.S. Cell Death Dis. 2011;2:e225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devane WA, Dysarz FA, 3rd, Johnson MR, et al. Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain. Mol Pharmacol. 1988;34(5):605–613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galiegue S, Mary S, Marchand J, et al. Expression of Central and peripheral cannabinoid receptors in human immune tissues and leukocyte subpopulations. Eur J Biochem. 1995;232(1):54–61.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Matsuda LA, Lolait SJ, Brownstein MJ, et al. Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA. Nature. 1990;346(6284):561–564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munro S, Thomas KL, Abu-Shaar M. Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids. Nature. 1993;365(6441):61–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pertwee RG. The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and delta9-tetrahydrocannabivarin. Br J Pharmacol. 2008;153(2):199–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas A, Baillie GL, Phillips AM, et al. Cannabidiol displays unexpectedly high potency as an antagonist of CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists in vitro. Br J Pharmacol. 2007;150(5):613–623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein C, Karanges E, Spiro A, et al. Cannabidiol potentiates Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) behavioural effects and alters THC pharmacokinetics during acute and chronic treatment in adolescent rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2011;218(2):443–457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castaneda JT, Harui A, Kiertscher SM, et al. Differential expression of intracellular and extracellular CB(2) cannabinoid receptor protein by human peripheral blood leukocytes. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2013;8(1):323–332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira JP, An J, Xu Y, et al. Cannabinoid receptor 2 mediates the retention of immature B cells in bone marrow sinusoids. Nat Immunol. 2009;10(4):403–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basu S, Ray A, Dittel BN. Cannabinoid receptor 2 is critical for the homing and retention of marginal zone B lineage cells and for efficient T-independent immune responses. J Immunol. 2011;187(11):5720–5732.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muppidi JR, Arnon TI, Bronevetsky Y, et al. Cannabinoid receptor 2 positions and retains marginal zone B cells within the splenic marginal zone. J Exp Med. 2011;208(10):1941–1948.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coke CJ, Scarlett KA, Chetram MA, et al. Simultaneous activation of induced heterodimerization between CXCR4 chemokine receptor and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) reveals a mechanism for regulation of tumor progression. J Biol Chem. 2016;291(19):9991–10005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh S, Preet A, Groopman JE, et al. Cannabinoid receptor CB2 modulates the CXCL12/CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis of T lymphocytes. Mol Immunol. 2006;43(14):2169–2179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein TW, Newton CA, Widen R, et al. The effect of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-hydroxy-Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte mitogen responses. J Immunopharmacol. 1985;7(4):451–466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Börner C, Smida M, Höllt V, et al. Cannabinoid receptor type 1- and 2-mediated increase in cyclic AMP inhibits T cell receptor-triggered signaling. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(51):35450–35460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein TW, Lane B, Newton CA, et al. The cannabinoid system and cytokine network. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 2000;225(1):1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustafsson K, Wang X, Severa D, et al. Expression of cannabinoid receptors type 1 and type 2 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: growth inhibition by receptor activation. Int J Cancer. 2008;123(5):1025–1033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam TC, Asplund AC, Lindvall JM, et al. High level of cannabinoid receptor 1, absence of regulator of G protein signalling 13 and differential expression of cyclin D1 in mantle cell lymphoma [comparative study research support, Non-U.S. Gov’t]. Leukemia. 2003;17(9):1880–1890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wasik AM, Nygren L, Almestrand S, et al. Perturbations of the endocannabinoid system in mantle cell lymphoma: correlations to clinical and pathological features. Oncoscience. 2014;1(8):550–557.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Freund P, Porpaczy EA, Le T, et al. Cannabinoid receptors are overexpressed in CLL but of limited potential for therapeutic exploitation. PLoS One. 2016;11(6):e0156693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flygare J, Gustafsson K, Kimby E, et al. Cannabinoid receptor ligands mediate growth inhibition and cell death in mantle cell lymphoma. FEBS Lett. 2005;579(30):6885–6889.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collin C, Davies P, Mutiboko IK, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol. 2007;14(3):290–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck O, Stephanson N, Sandqvist S, et al. Detection of drugs of abuse in exhaled breath using a device for rapid collection: comparison with plasma, urine and self-reporting in 47 drug users. J Breath Res. 2013;7(2):026006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keating GM. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol oromucosal spray (Sativex®): a review in multiple sclerosis-related spasticity. Drugs. 2017;77(5):563–574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis MP. Cannabinoids for symptom management and cancer therapy: the evidence. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2016;14(7):915–922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javid FA, Phillips RM, Afshinjavid S, et al. Cannabinoid pharmacology in cancer research: a new hope for cancer patients? Eur J Pharmacol. 2016;775:1–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martell K, Fairchild A, LeGerrier B, et al. Rates of cannabis use in patients with cancer. Curr Oncol. 2018;25(3):219–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taniguchi H, Fernandez AF, Setien F, et al. Epigenetic inactivation of the circadian clock gene BMAL1 in hematologic malignancies. Cancer Res. 2009;69(21):8447–8454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kampa-Schittenhelm KM, Salitzky O, Akmut F, et al. Dronabinol has preferential antileukemic activity in acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemia with lymphoid differentiation patterns. BMC Cancer. 2016;16:25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callén L, Moreno E, Barroso-Chinea P, et al. Cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 form functional heteromers in brain. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(25):20851–20865.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burger JA, Burger M, Kipps TJ. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells express functional CXCR4 chemokine receptors that mediate spontaneous migration beneath bone marrow stromal cells. Blood. 1999;94(11):3658–3667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurtova AV, Tamayo AT, Ford RJ, et al. Mantle cell lymphoma cells express high levels of CXCR4, CXCR5, and VLA-4 (CD49d): importance for interactions with the stromal microenvironment and specific targeting. Blood. 2009;113(19):4604–4613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimitrov S, Benedict C, Heutling D, et al. Cortisol and epinephrine control opposing circadian rhythms in T cell subsets. Blood. 2009;113(21):5134–5143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besedovsky L, Linz B, Dimitrov S, et al. Cortisol increases CXCR4 expression but does not affect CD62L and CCR7 levels on specific T cell subsets in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2014;306(11):E1322–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuardi AW, Guimarães FS, Moreira AC. Effect of cannabidiol on plasma prolactin, growth hormone and cortisol in human volunteers. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1993;26(2):213–217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guzel D, Yazici AB, Yazici E, et al. Alterations of the hematologic cells in synthetic cannabinoid users. J Clin Lab Anal. 2017;31(6):e22131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centonze D, Mori F, Koch G, et al. Lack of effect of cannabis-based treatment on clinical and laboratory measures in multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci. 2009;30(6):531–534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bar-Sela G, Cohen I, Campisi-Pinto S, et al. Cannabis consumption used by cancer patients during immunotherapy correlates with poor clinical outcome. Cancers. 2020;12(9):2447.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burger JA, Gribben JG. The microenvironment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and other B cell malignancies: insight into disease biology and new targeted therapies. Semin Cancer Biol. 2014;24:71–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen SS, Chang BY, Chang S, et al. BTK inhibition results in impaired CXCR4 chemokine receptor surface expression, signaling and function in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia. 2016;30(4):833–843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar