Acute and delayed cytopenias following CAR T-cell therapy: an investigation of risk factors and mechanisms

References

• Maude SL, Laetsch TW, Buechner J, et al. Tisagenlecleucel in children and young adults with B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(5):439–448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neelapu SS, Locke FL, Go WY. CAR T-Cell therapy in large B-Cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(11):1065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuster SJ, Bishop MR, Tam CS, et al. Tisagenlecleucel in adult relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(1):45–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abramson JS, Palomba ML, Gordon LI, et al. Lisocabtagene maraleucel for patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphomas (TRANSCEND NHL 001): a multicentre seamless design study. Lancet. 2020;396(10254):839–852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang M, Munoz J, Goy A, et al. KTE-X19 CAR T-cell therapy in relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(14):1331–1342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munshi NC, Anderson LD, Jr, Shah N, et al. Idecabtagene vicleucel in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(8):705–716.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee DW, Gardner R, Porter DL, et al. Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of cytokine release syndrome. Blood. 2014;124(2):188–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brudno JN, Kochenderfer JN. Toxicities of chimeric antigen receptor T cells: recognition and management. Blood. 2016;127(26):3321–3330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brudno JN, Kochenderfer JN. Recent advances in CAR T-cell toxicity: mechanisms, manifestations and management. Blood Rev. 2019;34:45–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raje N, Berdeja J, Lin Y, et al. Anti-BCMA CAR T-cell therapy bb2121 in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(18):1726–1737.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali SA, Shi V, Maric I, et al. T cells expressing an anti-B-cell maturation antigen chimeric antigen receptor cause remissions of multiple myeloma. Blood. 2016;128(13):1688–1700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kochenderfer JN, Somerville RPT, Lu T, et al. Lymphoma remissions caused by anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells are associated with high serum interleukin-15 levels. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(16):1803–1813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee DW, Kochenderfer JN, Stetler-Stevenson M, et al. T cells expressing CD19 chimeric antigen receptors for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children and young adults: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial. Lancet. 2015;385(9967):517–528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locke FL, Ghobadi A, Jacobson CA, et al. Long-term safety and activity of axicabtagene ciloleucel in refractory large B-cell lymphoma (ZUMA-1): a single-arm, multicentre, phase 1-2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20(1):31–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain T, Knezevic A, Pennisi M, et al. Hematopoietic recovery in patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for hematologic malignancies. Blood Adv. 2020;4(15):3776–3787.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hay KA, Hanafi LA, Li D, et al. Kinetics and biomarkers of severe cytokine release syndrome after CD19 chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell therapy. Blood. 2017;130(21):2295–2306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagle SJ, Murphree C, Raess PW, et al. Prolonged hematologic toxicity following treatment with chimeric antigen receptor T cells in patients with hematologic malignancies. American J Hematol. 2021;96(4):455–461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nahas GR, Komanduri KV, Pereira D, et al. Incidence and risk factors associated with a syndrome of persistent cytopenias after CAR-T cell therapy (PCTT). Leuk Lymphoma. 2020;61(4):940–943.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rejeski K, Perez Perez A, Sesques P, et al. CAR-HEMATOTOX: a model for CAR T-cell related hematological toxicity in relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2021;138(24):2499–2513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fried S, Avigdor A, Bielorai B, et al. Early and late hematologic toxicity following CD19 CAR-T cells. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2019;54(10):1643–1650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kochenderfer JN, Dudley ME, Carpenter RO, et al. Donor-derived CD19-targeted T cells cause regression of malignancy persisting after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood. 2013;122(25):4129–4139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brudno JN, Somerville RP, Shi V, et al. Allogeneic T cells that express an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor induce remissions of B-cell malignancies that progress after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation without causing graft-versus-host disease. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(10):1112–1121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brudno JN, Lam N, Vanasse D, et al. Safety and feasibility of anti-CD19 CAR T cells with fully human binding domains in patients with B-cell lymphoma. Nat Med. 2020;26(2):270–280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brudno JN, Maric I, Hartman SD, et al. T cells genetically modified to express an anti-B-cell maturation antigen chimeric antigen receptor cause remissions of poor-prognosis relapsed multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(22):2267–2280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee DW, Santomasso BD, Locke FL, et al. ASTCT consensus grading for cytokine release syndrome and neurologic toxicity associated with immune effector cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2019;25(4):625–638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunleavy K, Hakim F, Kim HK, et al. B-cell recovery following rituximab-based therapy is associated with perturbations in stromal derived factor-1 and granulocyte homeostasis. Blood. 2005;106(3):795–802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarado LJ, Huntsman HD, Cheng H, et al. Eltrombopag maintains human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells under inflammatory conditions mediated by IFN-γ. Blood. 2019;133(19):2043–2055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baur R, Jitschin R, Kharboutli S, et al. Thrombopoietin receptor agonists for acquired thrombocytopenia following anti-CD19 CAR-T-cell therapy: a case report. J Immunother Cancer. 2021;9(7):e002721.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar