The Critical Risk Factors that Influence Production-oriented Projects in the United Arab Emirates: A ‘Best-worst Method’ (BWM) Analysis

References

• Al-Mazrouie, J., Ojiako, U., Williams, T., Chipulu, M., & Marshall, A. (2021). An operations readiness typology for mitigating against transitional ‘disastrous openings’ of airport infrastructure projects. Production Planning & Control, 32(4), 283–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2020.1730997
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aladağ, H., & Işik, Z. (2018). The effect of stakeholder-associated risks in mega-engineering projects: A case study of a PPP airport project. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 67(1), 174–186. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2018.2866269
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Annarelli, A., Battistella, C., & Nonino, F. (2020). Competitive advantage implication of different product service system business models: Consequences of ‘not-replicable’ capabilities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 247, 119121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119121
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atubis. (2021). Overview of aluminum production and consumption of the United Arab Emirates. Insight Report
   Google Scholar
• Aven, T. (2010). On how to define, understand and describe risk. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 95(6), 623–631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2010.01.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aven, T. (2012). The risk concept - historical and recent development trends. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 95(6), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2011.11.006
   Google Scholar
• Baker, J. (2012). The Technology–organization–environment framework. In Y. Dwivedi, M. Wade, & S. Schneberger (Eds.), Information systems theory. Integrated series in information systems (Vol. 28, pp. 231–245). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6108-2_12
   Google Scholar
• Bashir, H., Ojiako, U., & Mota, C. (2020). Modeling and analyzing factors affecting project delays using an integrated social network-fuzzy MICMAC approach. Engineering Management Journal, 32(1), 26–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/10429247.2019.1656595
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloomfield, K., Williams, T., Bovis, C., & Merali, Y. (2019). Systemic risk in major public contracts. International Journal of Forecasting, 35(2), 667–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2018.10.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borch, K. (1967). The theory of risk. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 29(3), 432–452. https://rss.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1967.tb00707.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breakspear, A. (2013). A new definition of intelligence. Intelligence and National Security, 28(5), 678–693. https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.699285
   Google Scholar
• Browning, T. (1999). Sources of schedule risk in complex system development. Systems Engineering: Journal of the International Council on Systems Engineering, 2(3), 129–142. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6858(1999)2:3<129::AID-SYS1>3.0.CO;2-H
   Google Scholar
• Browning, T. (2012). Cost, time and technical performance risk mitigation in large, complex and innovative aeronautics development projects. In T. M. Young & M. Hirst (Eds.), Innovation in aeronautics (pp. 305–322). Woodhead Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Browning, T. (2014). A quantitative framework for managing project value, risk, and opportunity. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 61(4), 583–598. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2014.2326986
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browning, T. (2019). Planning, tracking, and reducing a complex project’s value at risk. Project Management Journal, 50(1), 71–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/8756972818810967
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browning, T., Deyst, J., Eppinger, S., & Whitney, D. (2002). Adding value in product development by creating information and reducing risk. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 49(4), 443–458. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2002.806710
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckland, M. (1991). Information as thing. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 42(5), 351–360. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199106)42:5<351::AID-ASI5>3.0.CO;2-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canbolat, Y., Gupta, G., Matera, S., & Chelst, K. (2008). Analysing risk in sourcing design and manufacture of components and sub-systems to emerging markets. International Journal of Production Research, 46(18), 5145–5164. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207540701266807
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casagrande, D. (1999). Information as verb: Re-conceptualizing information for cognitive and ecological models. Journal of Ecological Anthropology, 3(1), 4–13. https://doi.org/10.5038/2162-4593.3.1.1
   Google Scholar
• Chand, M. (2021). Strategic assessment and mitigation of risks in sustainable manufacturing systems. Sustainable Operations and Computers, 2, 206–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susoc.2021.07.004
   Google Scholar
• Chauhan, A., Badhotiya, G., Soni, G., & Rathore, A. (2017). Analysis of success factors for a new product development initiative in Indian automotive industry: An ISM approach. International Journal of Advanced Operations Management, 9(4), 246–263. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAOM.2017.089982
   Google Scholar
• Chauhan, A., Nepal, B., Soni, G., & Rathore, A. (2018). Examining the state of risk management research in new product development process. Engineering Management Journal, 30(2), 85–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/10429247.2018.1446120
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chauhan, A., Nepal, B., Soni, G., & Rathore, A. (2020). Taxonomy of new product development process risks: An empirical study of indian automotive industry. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2020.2994025
   Google Scholar
• Chipulu, M., Ojiako, U., Marshall, A., Williams, T., Bititci, U., Mota, C., Shou, Y., Thomas, A., El Dirani, A., Maguire, S., & Stamati, T. (2019). A dimensional analysis of stakeholder assessment of project outcomes. Production Planning & Control, 30(13), 1072–1090. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2019.1567859
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das, K., & Lashkari, R. S. (2015). Risk readiness and resiliency planning for a supply chain. International Journal of Production Research, 53(22), 6752–6771. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2015.1057624
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deloitte. (2015). Understanding risk assessment practices at manufacturing companies. Pub. Deloitte Development LLC. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/manufacturing/us-mfg-mapi-risk-assessment-paper-single-page-040715.pdf, accessed 21/10/20.
   Google Scholar
• Deloitte. (2016). Disruption in manufacturing: Managing unexpected risk for strategic opportunity. Pub. Deloitte Development LLC. file:///C:/Users/101585/Downloads/us-risk-disrupt-manufacturing.pdf, accessed 21/10/20
   Google Scholar
• Dover, R. (2015). Routledge companion to intelligence studies. Pub. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Edkins, A., Geraldi, J., Morris, P., & Smith, A. (2013). Exploring the front-end of project management. Engineering Project Organization Journal, 3(2), 71–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/21573727.2013.775942
   Google Scholar
• Elia, G., Margherita, A., & Passiante, G. (2020). Management engineering: A new perspective on the integration of engineering and management knowledge. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 68(3), 881–893. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2020.2992911
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellinger, A., Chen, H., Tian, Y., & Armstrong, C. (2015). Learning orientation, integration, and supply chain risk management in Chinese manufacturing firms. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 18(6), 476–493. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2015.1005008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang, C., Marle, F., Xie, M., & Zio, E. (2013). An integrated framework for risk response planning under resource constraints in large engineering projects. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 60(3), 627–639. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2013.2242078
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faridi, A., & El‐Sayegh, S. M. (2006). Significant factors causing delay in the UAE construction industry. Construction Management and Economics, 24(11), 1167–1176. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190600827033
   Google Scholar
• Feng, J., Liu, Z., & Feng, L. (2021). Identifying opportunities for sustainable business models in manufacturing: Application of patent analysis and generative topographic mapping. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27, 509–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2021.01.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floridi, L. (2005). Is semantic information meaningful data? Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 70(2), 351–370. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1933-1592.2005.tb00531.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, K. P., & Pennypacker, J. S. (2006). Project management maturity: An assessment of project management capabilities among and between selected industries. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 53(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2005.861802
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansson, S. (1989). Dimensions of risk. Risk Analysis, 9(1), 107–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1989.tb01225.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansson, S.O. (1996). What is philosophy of risk? Theoria, 62(1–2), 169–186.
   Google Scholar
• Hansson, S. (1999). A philosophical perspective on risk. Ambio, 28(6), 539–542.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansson, S. (2004). Philosophical perspectives on risk. Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology, 8(1), 10–35. https://doi.org/10.5840/techne2004818
   Google Scholar
• Hansson, S. (2005). Seven myths of risk. Risk Management, 7(2), 7–17. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.rm.8240209
   Google Scholar
• Hansson, S. (2010). Risk: Objective or subjective, facts or values. Journal of Risk Research, 13(2), 231–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669870903126226
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann, P., Schiele, H., & Krabbendam, K. (2013). Uncertainty, supply risk management and their impact on performance. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 19(3), 199–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2013.06.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holton, G. (2004). Defining risk. Financial Analysts Journal, 60(6), 19–25. https://doi.org/10.2469/faj.v60.n6.2669
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, W., Shou, Y., Kang, M., & Park, Y. (2019). Risk management of manufacturing multinational corporations: The moderating effects of international asset dispersion and supply chain integration. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 25(1), 61–76. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-01-2019-0009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, W., Yang, J., & Wei, Z. (2020). How does servitization affect firm performance? IEEE transactions on engineering management. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2020.3020852
   Google Scholar
• Humphreys, L. (1979). The construct of general intelligence. Intelligence, 3(2), 105–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-2896(79)90009-6
   Google Scholar
• Isoherranen, V., Karkkainen, M., & Kess, P. (2015). Operational excellence driven by process maturity reviews: A case study of the ABB corporation, IEEE international conference on industrial engineering and engineering management (IEEM), IEEE, Singapore, pp. 1372–1376.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, R., & Babu, R. (2020). Time and cost overruns in the UAE construction industry: A critical analysis. International Journal of Construction Management, 20(5), 402–411. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2018.1484864
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahn, D. (2001). An historical theory of intelligence. Intelligence and national security, 16(3), 79–92.
   Google Scholar
• Kayis, B., Karningsih, P., & Sachdeva, A. (2012). SCRIS: A knowledge‐based system tool for assisting manufacturing organizations in identifying supply chain risks. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 23(7), 834–852. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410381211267682
   Google Scholar
• Kenton, W. (2020). Investopedia website. Retrieved 18 March 2020, from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/manufacturing.asp
   Google Scholar
• Klöber-Koch, J., Braunreuther, S., & Reinhart, G. (2018). Approach for risk identification and assessment in a manufacturing system. Procedia CIRP, 72, 683–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2018.03.218
   Google Scholar
• Krar, S. (2015). The importance of maintenance (Changing from a fail and fix approach to a predict and prevent approach). http://www.automationmag.com/images/stories/LWTech-files/94%20Intelligent%20Systems.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, V., Bak, O., Guo, R., Shaw, S., Colicchia, C., Garza-Reyes, J., & Kumari, A. (2018). An empirical analysis of supply and manufacturing risk and business performance: A Chinese manufacturing supply chain perspective. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 23(6), 461–479. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-10-2017-0319
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, R., & Hynes, N. R. J. (2019). Thermal drilling processing on sheet metals: A review. International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture, 2(3), 193–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlmm.2019.08.003
   Google Scholar
• Kurata, Y., Matias, A., & Grepo, L. (2015). Manpower utilization in the hotdog meat processing production of a meat processing company. Procedia Manufacturing, 3, 340–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.168
   Google Scholar
• Kusiak, A. (2019). Service manufacturing: Basic concepts and technologies. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 52, 198–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2019.07.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazov, I. (2019). Risk-based analysis of manufacturing systems. International Journal of Production Research, 57(22), 7089–7103. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2019.1577564
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, C., Lv, Y., & Hong, Z. (2013a). Risk modelling and assessment for distributed manufacturing system. International Journal of Production Research, 51(9), 2652–2666. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2012.738943
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, G., Fan, H., Lee, P. K., & Cheng, T. C. E. (2015). Joint supply chain risk management: An agency and collaboration perspective. International Journal of Production Economics, 164, 83–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.02.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindemann, U., Helten, K., Hellenbrand, D., Lindemann, U., Rissmann, U., Klenk, J., & Becker, C. (2009). Product robustness as a basis for the improvement of production planning processes - Key factors in early design phases. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 58(1), 70–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02630.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu, L., Ji, J., Yu, H., Hu, J., & Fan, T. (2007). Supply chain risk management in Chinese process industries, 2007 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, IEEE, Shanghai, pp. 4923–4926.
   Google Scholar
• Makridakis, S., Williams, T., Kirkham, R., & Papadaki, M. (2019). Forecasting, uncertainty and risk management. International Journal of Forecasting, 35(2), 641–643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2018.10.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, A., Bashir, H., Ojiako, U., & Chipulu, M. (2018). A Machiavellian behavioural framing of social conflict risks in supply chains. Management Research Review, 41(11), 1290–1308. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-01-2018-0022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, A., & Ojiako, U. (2010). From the myth of prometheus to strategic resilience: Two cognitive paradigms linking risk and innovation. Prometheus, 28(4), 343–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/08109028.2010.539018
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, A., & Ojiako, U. (2013). Managing risk through the veil of ignorance. Journal of Risk Research, 16(10), 1225–1239. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2013.788056
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, A., & Ojiako, U. (2015). A realist philosophical understanding of entrepreneurial risk-taking. Society and Business Review, 10(2), 178–193. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBR-10-2014-0047
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, A., Ojiako, U., & Chipulu, M. (2019b). Risk appetite: A futility, perversity and jeopardy critique of over-optimistic corporate risk taking. International Journal of Organisational Analysis, 27(1), 51–73. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-06-2017-1175
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, A., Ojiako, U., Wang, V., Lin, F., & Chipulu, M. (2019a). Forecasting unknown/unknowns by boosting the risk radar within the risk intelligent organisation. International Journal of Forecasting, 35(2), 644–658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2018.07.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marzi, G., Dabić, M., Daim, T., & Garces, E. (2017). Product and process innovation in manufacturing firms: A 30-year bibliometric analysis. Scientometrics, 113(2), 673–704. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2500-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maytorena, E., Winch, G. M., Freeman, J., & Kiely, T. (2007). The influence of experience and information search styles on project risk identification performance. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 54(2), 315–326. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2007.893993
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meier, H., Roy, R., & Seliger, G. (2010). Industrial product-service systems—IPS2. CIRP Annals, 59(2), 607–627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2010.05.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mi, X., Tang, M., Liao, H., Shen, W., & Lev, B. (2019). The state-of-the-art survey on integrations and applications of the best worst method in decision making: Why, what, what for and what’s next? Omega, 87, 205–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2019.01.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mordor Intelligence. (2021a). United Arab emirates power market - growth, trends, Covid-19 impact, and forecasts (2021 - 2026), https://mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/uae-power-market, accessed 03/09/21.
   Google Scholar
• Mordor Intelligence. (2021b). UAE construction market – Growth, trends, Covid-19 impact, and forecasts (2021 - 2026), https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/uae-construction-market, accessed 03/09/21.
   Google Scholar
• Morris, P. (2011). Managing the front-end: Back to the beginning. Project Perspectives, 33, 4–9.
   Google Scholar
• Nilashi, M., Ahmadi, H., Ahani, A., Ravangard, R., & Bin Ibrahim, O. (2016). Determining the importance of hospital information system adoption factors using fuzzy analytic network process (ANP). Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 111, 244–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.07.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliva, R., & Kallenberg, R. (2003). Managing the transition from products to services. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 14(2), 160–172. https://doi.org/10.1108/09564230310474138
   Google Scholar
• Park, Y., Geum, Y., & Lee, H. (2012). Toward integration of products and services: Taxonomy and typology. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 29(4), 528–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2012.08.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson, F., Neailey, K., & Kewley, D. (1999). Managing the Risks within Automotive Manufacturing. Risk Management, 1(3), 7–23.
   Google Scholar
• Qazi, A., & Dikmen, I. (2021). From risk matrices to risk networks in construction projects. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 68(5), 1449–1460. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2019.2907787
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rezaei, J. (2015). Best-worst multi-criteria decision-making method. Omega, 53, 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2014.11.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rezaei, J. (2016). Best-worst multi-criteria decision-making method: Some properties and a linear model. Omega, 64, 126–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2015.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sajwani, A., & Nielsen, Y. (2017). The application of the environmental management system at the aluminum industry in UAE. International Journal of Geomate, 12(30), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.21660/2017.30.80102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakao, T., Öhrwall Rönnbäck, A., & Ölundh Sandström, G. (2013). Uncovering benefits and risks of integrated product service offerings — Using a case of technology encapsulation. Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering, 22(4), 421–439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11518-013-5233-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salavati, M., Tuyserkani, M., Mousavi, S., Falahi, N., & Abdi, F. (2016). Improving new product development performance by risk management. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 31(3), 418–425. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-04-2013-0090
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharifi, H., & Zhang, Z. (1999). A methodology for achieving agility in manufacturing organisations: An introduction. International Journal of Production Economics, 62(1–2), 7–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5273(98)00217-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, S., Misra, S., & Kumar, S. (2020). Identification and ranking of the risk factors involved in PLM implementation. International Journal of Production Economics, 222, 107496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.09.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sols, A. (2018). A comprehensive approach to dynamic project risk management. Engineering Management Journal, 30(2), 128–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/10429247.2018.1450030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starling, J., Choe, Y., & Mastrangelo, C. (2021). Identifying DMSMS availability risk at the system level. International Journal of Production Research, 59(10), 2905–2925. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2020.1743894
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoughton, M., & Votta, T. (2003). Implementing service-based chemical procurement: Lessons and results. Journal of Cleaner Production, 11(8), 839–849. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-6526(02)00159-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su, P., & Liu, S. (2015). Dual sourcing in managing operational and disruption risks in contract manufacturing. International Journal of Production Research, 53(1), 291–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2014.957876
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilman, L. (2013). Risk intelligence: A bedrock of dynamism and lasting value creation, European Financial Review, 28/12/13, https://www.europeanfinancialreview.com/risk-intelligence-a-bedrock-of-dynamism-and-lasting-value-creation/, accessed 12/11/20
   Google Scholar
• Tornatzky, L., & Fleischer, M. (1990). The Processes of Technological Innovation. Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Ulaga, W., & Reinartz, W. (2011). Hybrid offerings: How manufacturing firms combine goods and services successfully. Journal of Marketing, 75(6), 5–23. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.09.0395
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umar, R. Z. R., Ahmad, N., Halim, I., Lee, P. Y., & Hamid, M. (2019). Design and development of an ergonomic trolley-lifter for sheet metal handling task: a preliminary study. Safety and health at work, 10(3), 327–335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umaras, E., & Tsuzuki, M., 2012. Research on the factors of influence in the dimensional and form precision of stamping processes. In ABCM symposium series in mechatronics (Vol. 5, pp. 694–703). Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Brazilian Society of Mechanical Science and Engineering.
   Google Scholar
• Van de Kaa, G., Fens, T., Rezaei, J., Kaynak, D., Hatun, Z., & Tsilimeni-Archangelidi, A. (2019). Realizing smart meter connectivity: Analyzing the competing technologies Power line communication, mobile telephony, and radio frequency using the best worst method. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 103, 320–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.12.035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vigo, R. (2011). Representational information: A new general notion and measure of information. Information Sciences, 181(21), 4847–4859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2011.05.020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, T., Vo, H., Samset, K., & Edkins, A. (2019). The front-end of projects: A systematic literature review and structuring. Production Planning & Control, 30(14), 1137–1169. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2019.1594429
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yankson, E. (2012). The effect of health and safety standards on productivity in Ghana rubber estates limited. Unpublished MBA dissertation, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Yates, J., & Stone, E. (1992). Risk appraisal (pp. 49‐85). (J. F. Yates, Ed.). Risk‐taking Behavior, John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Yeh, C., & Chen, Y. (2018). Critical success factors for adoption of 3D printing. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 132, 209–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.02.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaragoza, V., Strano, M., Iorio, L., & Monno, M. (2019). Sheet metal bending with flexible tools. Procedia Manufacturing, 29, 232–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2019.02.131
   Google Scholar
• Zou, X., Isa, C., & Rahman, M. (2019). Valuation of enterprise risk management in the manufacturing industry. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 30(11–12), 1389–1410. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2017.1369877
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zsidisin, G., Melnyk, A., & Ragatz, G. (2005). An institutional theory perspective of business continuity planning for purchasing and supply management. International Journal of Production Research, 43(16), 3401–3420. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207540500095613
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar