The ‘carrot’ and ‘stick’ of integrated offender management: implications for police culture

References

• Allen, J., et al., 2006. Policing and the criminal justice system – public confidence and perceptions: findings from the 2004/05 British crime survey. London: Home Office.
   Google Scholar
• Andrews, D.A., Bonta, J., and Wormith, S., 2011. The risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model: does adding the good lives model contribute to effective crime prevention? Criminal justice and behaviour, 38 (7), 735–755.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Annison, H., et al., 2015. Theorizing the role of ‘the brand’ in criminal justice: the case of integrated offender management. Criminology & criminal justice, 15 (4), 387–406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banton, M., 1964. The policeman in the community. London: Tavistock.
   Google Scholar
• Becker, H., 1974. Outsiders: studies in the sociology of deviance. Chicago: Aldine.
   Google Scholar
• Burnett, R., and Appleton, C., 2004. Joined up services to tackle youth crime. British journal of criminology, 44 (1), 34–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cain, M., 1973. Society and the policeman’s role. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Chan, J., 1997. Changing police culture: policing in a multicultural society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Choongh, S., 1997. Policing as social discipline. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Choongh, S., 1998. Policing the dross: a social disciplinary model of policing. British journal of criminology, 38, 623–634.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cram, F., 2016. Perceptions of me, conceptions of you: refining ideas of access to, and 'acceptance' within, the police organisational field. Policing and society, 28, 360–374.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crank, J., 1998. Understanding police culture. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson.
   Google Scholar
• Crawford, A., and Jones, M., 1995. Inter-agency co-operation and community-based crime prevention. British journal of criminology, 35 (1), 17–33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Criminal Justice Joint Inspection. 2014. A joint inspection of the integrated offender management approach. Available from: http://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmiprobation/inspections/ [Accessed 19 October 2018].
   Google Scholar
• Davis, P., 2000. Doing interviews with female offenders. In: V. Jupp, P. Davis, and P. Francis, ed. Doing criminological research. London: Sage, 82–95.
   Google Scholar
• Dawson, P., et al. 2011. An evaluation of the diamond initiative: year two findings. Available from: http://www.cjp.org.uk/iom-elearning/my-iom-e-learning-portal/knowledge-repository/research-findings/an-evaluation-of-the-diamond-initiative-year-two-findings/ 2011 [Accessed April 2018].
   Google Scholar
• Dixon, D., 1997. Law in policing: legal regulation and police practices. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ericson, R.V., and Haggerty, K.D., 1997. Policing the risk society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, E., 2015. Police/probation partnerships – the anticipated impact of transforming rehabilitation. International journal of emergency services, 4 (2), 194–211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrall, S., 2004. Rethinking what works with offenders: probation, social context and desistance from crime. Cullompton: Willan.
   Google Scholar
• Feeley, M., and Simon, J., 1994. Actuarial justice: the emerging new criminal law. In: D. Nelken, ed. The futures of criminology. London: Sage, 89–101.
   Google Scholar
• Field, S., 2007. Practice cultures and the ‘new’ youth justice in (England and) wales. British journal of criminology, 47 (2), 311–330.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster, J., 1989. Two stations: an ethnographic study of policing in the inner-city. In: D. Downes, ed. Crime and the city: essays in memory of john barrow mays. London: Macmilian, 128–154.
   Google Scholar
• Garland, D., 2001. The culture of control: crime and social order in contemporary society. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hallam Centre for Community Justice. 2013. Sussex IOM evaluation, “break even analysis”. Available from: http://www.cjp.org.uk/iom-elearning/my-iom-e-learning-portal/knowledge-repository/research-findings/sussex-iom-evaluation-break-even-analysis/ [accessed 14 March 2018].
   Google Scholar
• Hawkins, K., 2002. Law as last resort: prosecution decision-making in a regulatory setting. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Holdaway, S., 1983. Inside the British police: a force at work. Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Home Office, 2006. The NOMS offender management model. London: Home Office.
   Google Scholar
• Home Office. 2015. Integrated offender management: meeting the challenges. Report of National Conference 25th and 26th of February. Available from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/414696/2015-03-19_National_IOM_Conference_2015__master_report_final.pdf [Accessed 19 October 2018].
   Google Scholar
• Housden, P. 2011. Offender journey mapping with clients of the Bristol impact service. Available from: http://www.cjp.org.uk/iom-elearning/my-iom-e-learning-portal/knowledge-repository/research-findings/offender-journey-mapping-with-clients-of-the-bristol-impact-service/ (Accessed 21 March 2018).
   Google Scholar
• House of Commons. The role of the probation service, uncorrected transcript of oral evidence at the House of Commons 8th of June 2011, HC 519-xi. Available from: http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201012/cmselect/cmjust/uc519-xi/uc51901.htm [Accessed 10 January 2018].
   Google Scholar
• Hoyle, C., 1998. Negotiating domestic violence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kemshall, H., and Maguire, M., 2001. Public protection, partnership and risk penality: the mulit-agency risk management of sexual and violent offenders. Punishment and society, 3 (2), 237–264.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, J.A., 1981. Some structural aspects of police deviance in relations with minority groups. In: C. Shearing, ed. Organisational police deviance. Toronto: Butterworth, 9–28.
   Google Scholar
• Lister, S., et al., 2008. Street policing of problem drug users. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Loftus, B., 2009. Police culture in a changing world. Oxford: Oxford: University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Loftus, B., 2010. Police occupational culture: classic themes, altered times. Policing and society, 20 (1), 1–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loftus, B., Goold, B., and Mac Giollabhui, S., 2016. From a visible spectacle to an invisible presence: the working culture of covert policing. British journal of criminology, 56 (4), 629–645.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manning, P.K., 1982. Producing drama: symbolic communication and the police. Symbolic interaction, 5 (2), 223–242.
   Google Scholar
• Marks, M., 2004. Researching police transformation: the ethnographic imperative. British journal of criminology, 44 (6), 866–888.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mawby, R., and Worrall, A., 2013. Doing probation work: identity in a criminal justice. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• McConville, M., et al., 1991. The case for the prosecution; police suspects and the construction of criminality. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Justice. 2010. Breaking the cycle: effective punishment rehabilitation and sentencing of offenders. Available from: http://www.justice.gov.uk/consultations/docs/breaking-the-cycle.pdf [Accessed 10 March 2018].
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Justice, 2013. Transforming rehabilitation: a strategy for reform. London: Her Majesty's Stationary Office.
   Google Scholar
• Moon, D., et al., 2011. Perceptions of crime, engagement with the police, authorities dealing with antisocial behaviour and community payback: findings from the 2010/11 British crime survey. London: Home Office.
   Google Scholar
• Morrison, S., 2008. Beyond alignment of DIP and PPO: integrated offender management in thames valley. Abingdon: Thames Valley Police.
   Google Scholar
• Nash, M., 1999. Enter the ‘polibation officer’. International journal of police science and management, 1 (4), 360–368.
   Google Scholar
• Nash, M., 2008. Exit the ‘polibation’ officer? De-coupling police and probation. International journal of police science & management, 10 (3), 302–312.
   Google Scholar
• Ofshe, R., and Leo, R., 1998. Consequences of false confessions: deprivations of liberty and miscarriages of justice in the Age of psychological interrogation’. Journal of criminal Law and criminology, 88 (2), 429–496.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Malley, P., 2004. Risk, uncertainty and government. London: Cavendish.
   Google Scholar
• O’Neill, M., and McCarthy, D., 2014. (Re)negating police culture through partnership working: trust, compromise and the ‘new’ pragmatism. Criminology and criminal justice, 14 (2), 143–159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt, J., 2000. The return of the wheelbarrow men or the arrival of the postmodern penality? British journal of criminology, 40 (1), 127–145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Punch, M., 1983. Officers and Men: occupational culture, inter-rank antagonism, and the investigation of corruption. In: M. Punch, ed. Control in the police organisation. Cambridge: MIT Press, 227–250.
   Google Scholar
• Quinton, P., 2011. The formation of suspicions: police stop and search practice in england and wales. Policing and society, 21 (4), 357–368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiner, R., 1978. The blue-coated worker a sociological study of police unionism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Reiner, R., 2000. The politics of the police. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Reiner, R., 2010. The politics of the police. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Senior, P., et al., 2011. Process evaluation of five integrated offender management pioneer areas. London: Ministry of Justice.
   Google Scholar
• Shiner, M., 2010. Post-Lawrence policing in england and wales: guilt, innocence and the defence of organizational ego. British journal of criminology, 50 (5), 935–953.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skinns, L., 2011. Police custody: governance, legitimacy and reform in the criminal justice process. Abingdon: Willan.
   Google Scholar
• Skolnick, J., 1966. Justice without trial: law enforcement in democratic society. New York: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Sleath, E. and Brown, S., 2017. Staff and offender perspectives of integrated offender management and the impact of its introduction on arrests and risk of reoffending in One police force region. Policing and society, 1–19. doi:10.1080/10439463.2017.1410148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, D., and Gray, J., 1983. Police and people in London. Vol 4, policy studies institute. Aldershot: Gower.
   Google Scholar
• Sparks, R., 2000. Perspectives on risk and penal politics. In: T. Hope, and R. Sparks, ed. Crime, risk and security. London: Routledge, 129–146.
   Google Scholar
• Terrill, W., Paoline, E., and Manning, P., 2003. Police culture and coercion. Criminology, 41 (4), 1003–1034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waddington, P.A.J., 1998. Policing citizens. London: UCL Press.
   Google Scholar
• Waddington, P.A.J., 1999. Police (canteen) sub-culture: an appreciation. British journal of criminology, 39 (2), 287–309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, A., and Ariel, B., 2013. The Bristol integrated offender management scheme: a pseudo-experimental test of desistance theory. Policing, 7 (2), 123–134.
   Google Scholar
• Wong, K., and Hartworth, C. 2009. Integrated offender management and third sector engagement: Case studies of four pioneer sites. Available from: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/7050/ [Accessed 13 March 2018].
   Google Scholar
• Young, M., 1991. An inside job. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Young, R., 2016. Police accountability. In: S. Lister, and M. Rowe, ed. Accountability of policing. London: Routledge, 18–49.
   Google Scholar