References
- boyd, d., 2011. Social network sites as networked publics: affordances, dynamics, and implications. In: Z. Papacharissi, ed. A networked self: identity, community, and culture on social network sites. New York: Routledge, 39–58.
- Brainard, L., and Edlins, M., 2015. Top 10 U.S. municipal police departments and their social media usage. American review of public administration, 45 (6), 728–745.
- Brainard, L., and McNutt, J.G., 2010. Virtual government-citizen relations: old public administration, new public management or new public service? Administration and society, 42 (7), 836–858.
- Braun, V., and Clarke, V., 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3 (2), 77–101.
- Bucher, T., and Helmond, A., 2018. The affordances of social media platforms. In: J. Burgess, A. Marwick, and T. Poell, ed. The SAGE handbook of social media. London: Sage Publications, 233–253.
- Bullock, K., 2014. Citizens, community and crime control. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Bullock, K., 2018a. (Re)presenting policing online. Policing and society, 28 (3), 345–359.
- Bullock, K., 2018b. The police use of social media: transformation or normalisation. Social policy and society, 18 (1), 245–258.
- Chadwick, A., 2009. Web 2.0: New challenges for the study of e-democracy in an era of informational exuberance. I/S: a journal of law and policy, 5 (1), 9–42.
- Crump, J., 2011. What are the police doing on Twitter? social media, the police and the public. Policy & internet, 3 (4), 1–27.
- Davis, E.F., Alves, A.A., and Sklansky, D.A., 2014. Social media and police leadership: Lessons from Boston, New perspectives in policing bulletin (NCJ 244760). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice. March.
- Denef, S., et al., 2012. Best practice in police social media adaptation. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1765/40562 [Accessed 16 March 2020].
- Di Gennaro, C., and Dutton, W., 2006. The Internet and the public: online and offline political participation in the United Kingdom. Parliamentary affairs, 59 (2), 299–313.
- Elliott, R., and Nicholls, J. 1996. It’s good to talk: Lessons in public consultation and feedback. London: Home Office Police Research Series Paper 22.
- Ellison, N.B., and Vitak, J., 2015. Social network site affordances and their relationship to social capital processes. In: S.S. Sundar, ed. The handbook of the psychology of communication technology. Boston, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 205–227.
- Fernandez, M., Dickinson, T., and Alani, H. 2017. An analysis of UK policing engagement via social media. In: G. Ciampaglia, A. Mashhadi and T. Yasseri, eds. Social informatics: 9th international conference, socinfo 2017, Oxford, UK, 13–15 September 2017, Proceedings, Part I., London: Springer, 289–304.
- Gibson, J.J., 1979. The ecological approach to visual perception. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH).
- Goldsmith, A., 2015. Disgracebook policing: social media and the rise of police indiscretion. Policing and society, 25 (3), 249–267.
- Grimmelikhuijsen, S.G., and Meijer, A.J., 2015. Does Twitter increase perceived police legitimacy? Public administration review, 75 (4), 598–607.
- Gwinnett, B.M., 1993. A sociological analysis of four police consultative committees in Birmingham. Unpublished PhD thesis. Aston University.
- Harfield, C., 1997. Consent, consensus or the management of dissent? challenges to community consultation in a new policing environment’. Policing and society, 7 (4), 271–289.
- Hesketh, I., and Williams, E., 2017. A new canteen culture: the potential to use social media as evidence in policing’. Policing: A journal of policy and practice, 11 (3), 346–355.
- Hughes, G., 1994. Talking cop shop? A case study of police community consultative groups in transition. Policing and society, 4 (4), 253–270.
- Hutchby, I., 2001. Technologies, texts and affordances. Sociology, 35 (2), 441–456.
- Hutchby, I., and Barnett, S., 2005. Aspects of the sequential organization of mobile phone conversation. Discourse analysis, 7 (2), 147–171.
- Johnston, J., and McGovern, A., 2013. Communicating justice: A comparison of courts and police use of contemporary media. International journal of communication, 15 (7), 1667–1687.
- Jones, T., and Newburn, T., 2001. Widening access: improving police relations with hard to reach groups. police research Series Paper 138. London: Home Office. Available from: http://rds.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/prgpdfs/prs138.pdf.
- Keegan, B., and Rowley, J., 2017. Evaluation and decision making in social media marketing. Management decision, 55 (1), 15–31.
- Keith, M., 1988. Squaring circles? consultation and ‘inner city’ policing’. New community, 15 (1), 63–77.
- Kudla, D., and Parnaby, P., 2018. To serve and to tweet: An examination of police-related Twitter activity in Toronto. Social media + society, 4 (3), 1–13.
- Lee, M., and McGovern, A., 2013. Force to sell: policing the image and manufacturing public confidence. Policing and society, 23 (2), 103–124.
- Leishman, F., and Mason, P., 2003. Policing and the media. London: Routledge.
- Lewis, S., and Lewis, D.A. 2012. Examining technology that supports community policing. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. ACM, 1371–1380. Available from: file:///C:/Users/kb0018/Downloads/2207676.2208595.pdf [Accessed 18 March 2020].
- Loader, B., and Mercea, D., 2011. Networking democracy? Information, communication & society, 14 (6), 757–769.
- Macnamara, J. and Zerfass, A., 2012. Social media communication in organizations: The challenges of balancing openness, strategy, and management. International journal of strategic communication, 6 (4), 287–308.
- Margetts, H., 2011. The Internet and transparency. The political quarterly, 82 (4), 518–521.
- Mawby, R., 2010. Police corporate communications, crime reporting and the shaping of policing news’. Policing and society, 20 (1), 124–139.
- Meijer, A., and Thaens, M., 2013. Social media strategies: understanding the differences between North American police departments. Government information quarterly, 30 (4), 343–350.
- Meijer, A.J., and Torenvlied, R., 2014. Social media and the new organization of government communications: an empirical analysis of twitter usage by the Dutch police. The American review of public administration, 46 (2), 143–161.
- Morgan, R., 1989. Police accountability: developing the local infrastructure. British journal of criminology, 27 (1), 87–95.
- Myhill, A., et al., 2003. The role of police authorities in public engagement, Home Office Online Report 37/03. London: Home Office. Available from: http://library.npia.police.uk/docs/hordsolr/rdsolr3703.pdf.
- O’Connor, C.D., 2017. The police on Twitter: image management, community building, and implications for policing in Canada. An international journal of research and policy, 27 (8), 899–912.
- Police Foundation. 2014. Police use of social media. London: Police Foundation. Available from: http://www.police-foundation.org.uk/2017/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Social_media_briefing_FINAL.pdf [Accessed 20 March 2020].
- Procter, R., et al., 2013. Reading the riots: what were the police doing on Twitter? Policing and society, 23 (4), 413–436.
- Reiner, R., 2008. Police and the media. In: T. Newburn, ed. Handbook of policing. Cullompton: Willan, 259–282.
- Ruddell, R., and Jones, N., 2013. Social media and policing: matching the message to the audience. Safer communities, 12 (2), 64–70.
- Scarman, L., 1981. The Brixton Disorders 10-12 April 1981. Cmnd 8427. London: Her Majesty's Stationary Office.
- Skoric, M., et al., 2016. Social media and citizen engagement: a meta-analytic review. New media and society, 18 (9), 1817–1839.
- Stratta, E., 1990. A lack of consultation. Policing, 6 (3), 523–248.
- Treem, J.W., and Leonardi, P.M., 2012. Social media use in organizations: exploring the affordances of visibility, editability, persistence, and association. Communication yearbook, 36 (1), 143–189.
- USAID. 1996. Conducting key informant interviews. Available from: https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABS541.pdf [Accessed 30 July 2019].
- Van De Velde, B., Meijer, A., and Homburg, V., 2015. Police message diffusion on Twitter: analysing the reach of social media communications. Behaviour & information technology, 34 (1), 4–16.
- Walsh, J.P., and O’Connor, C.D., 2019. Social media and policing: a review of recent research. Sociology Compass, 13 (1), 1–14.