Psychosocial Outcomes Associated with Engagement with Online Chat Systems

References

• Bargh, J. A., & McKenna, K. Y. A. (2004). The internet and social life. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 573–590. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141922
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bessiere, K., Kiesler, S., Kraut, R., & Boneva, B. S. (2008). Effects of internet use and social resources on changes in depression. Information, Communication and Society, 11(10), 47–70. doi:10.1080/13691180701858851
   Google Scholar
• BPS. (2009). Code of Ethics and Conduct. Leicester, UK: British Psychological Society.
   Google Scholar
• BPS. (2014). Code of human research ethics. Leicester, UK: British Psychological Society.
   Google Scholar
• BPS. (2017). Ethics guidelines for internet-mediated research. Leicester, UK: British Psychological Society.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, R. M., Roberts, S. G. B., & Pollet, T. V. (2018). Loneliness is negatively related to Facebook network size, but not related to Facebook network structure. PsyArXiv. doi:10.31234/osf.io/s2kya
   Google Scholar
• Bryant, J. A., Sanders‐Jackson, A., & Smallwood, A. M. K. (2006). IMing, text messaging, and adolescent social networks. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11(2), 577–592. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.00028.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications and programming. Sussex, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Chan, M. (2018a). Mobile-mediated multimodal communications, relationship quality and subjective well-being: An analysis of smartphone use from a life course perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 87, 254–262. doi:1016/j.chb.2018.05.027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, M. (2018b). Digital communication and psychological well-being across the life span: Examining the intervening roles of social capital and civic engagement. Telematics and Informatics, 35(6), 1744–1754. doi:0.1016/j.tele.2018.05.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, S., & Willis, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, E., & Freeman, J. (2013). Do problematic and non-problematic video game players differ in extraversion, trait empathy, social capital and prosocial tendencies? Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 1933–1940. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.03.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coulson, N. S. (2005). Receiving Social Support Online: An Analysis of a Computer-Mediated Support Group for Individuals Living with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Cyberpsychology & Behavior : the Impact of the Internet, Multimedia and Virtual Reality on Behavior and Society, 8(6), 580–584. doi:10.1089/cpb.2005.8.580
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coulson, N. S., Buchanan, H., & Aubeeluck, A. (2007). Social support in cyberspace: A content analysis of communication within a Huntington’s disease online support group. Patient Education and Counseling, 68(2), 173–178. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2007.06.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crocker, J., Luhtanen, R., Blaine, B., & Broadnax, S. (1994). Collective self-esteem and psychological well-being among White, Black and Asian college students. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20(5), 503–513. doi:10.1177/0146167294205007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doosje, B., Ellmers, N., & Spears, R. (1995). Perceived intragroup variability as a function of group status and identification. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 31, 410–436. doi:10.1006/jesp.1995.1018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook “friends”: Social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(4), 1143–1168. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming, J. S., & Courtney, B. E. (1984). The dimensionality of self-esteem: II. Hierarchical facet model for revised measurement scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 404–421. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.46.2.404
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gough, H. G., & Bradley, P. (1996). CPI manual (3rd ed.). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hagborg, W. J. (2006). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Harter’s Self-Perception profile for adolescents: A concurrent validity study. Evaluation and Assessment, 30(2), 132–136. doi:10.1002/1520-6807
   Google Scholar
• Hartup, W. W., & Stevens, N. (1997). Friendships and adaptation in the life course. Psychological Bulletin, 121(3), 355–370. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.121.3.355
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helliwell, J. F. (2006). Well-being, social capital and public policy: what’s new? The Economic Journal, 16(510), 34–45. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2006.01074.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helliwell, J. F., & Putnam, R. D. (2004). The social context of well-being. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 359(1449), 1435–1446. doi:10.1098/rstb.2004.1522
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, P., & Argyle, M. (2002). The oxford happiness questionnaire: A compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 1073–1082. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00213-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaye, L. K., Kowert, R., & Quinn, S. (2017). The role of social identity and online social capital on psychosocial outcomes in MMO players. Computers in Human Behavior, 74, 215–223. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.04.030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kowert, R., & Oldmeadow, J. A. (2015). Playing for social comfort: Online video game play as a social accommodator for the insecurely attached. Computers in Human Behavior, 53, 556–566. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowert, R., Vogelgesang, J., Festl, R., & Quandt, T. (2015). Psychosocial causes and consequences of online video game play. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 51–58. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.074
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukophadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? American Psychologist, 53(9), 1017–1031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langford, C. P., Bowsher, J., Maloney, J. P., & Lilllis, P. P. (1997). Social support: A conceptual analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25(1), 95–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaRose, R., Lin, C. A., & Eastin, M. S. (2003). Unregulated Internet usage: Addiction, habit, or deficient self-regulation? Media Psychology, 5(3), 225–253. doi:10.1207/s1532785xmep0503_01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larose, R., Mastro, D., & Eastin, M. S. (2001). Understanding Internet usage: A social-cognitive approach to Uses and Gratifications. Social Science Computer Review, 19(4), 395–413. doi:10.1177/089443930101900401
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S. J. (2009). Online Communication and Adolescent Social Ties: Who benefits more from Internet use? Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(3), 509–531. doi:10.1111/jcmc.2009.14.issue-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung, L. (2007). Stressful life events, motives for Internet use, and social support among digital kids. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 10(7), 204–214. doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9967
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ma, C. M. S. (2018). A Latent Profile Analysis of Internet use and its association with psychological well-being outcomes among Hong Kong Chinese early adolescents. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 13, 727–743. doi:10.1007/s11482-017-9555-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nie, N. H., Hillygus, D. S., & Erbring, L. (2002). Internet use, interpersonal relations, and sociability: A time diary study. In B. Wellman & C. Haythornthwaite (Eds.), The Internet in Everyday Life (pp. 215–243). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Nowland, R., Necka, E. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2018). Loneliness and social internet use: Pathways to reconnection in a digital world. Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 13(1), 70–87. doi:10.1177/1745691617713052
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pagel, M. D., Erdly, W. W., & Becker, J. (1987). Social networks: We get by with (and in spite of) a little help from our friends. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 793–804.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce, G. R., Sarason, I. G., & Sarason, B. R. (1991). General and relationship-based perceptions of social support: Are two constructs better than one? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(6), 1028–1039. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.6.1028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling Alone. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Rook, K. C. (1984). The negative side of social interaction: Impact on psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1097–1108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the Adolescent Self-Image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Ferguson, M. L. (1978). Developing a measure of loneliness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 42, 290–294. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4203_11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statista (2018). Share of WhatsApp users in the United Kingdom (UK) in January 2018, by age group. Retrieved July 12, 2018, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/611208/whatsapp-users-in-the-united-kingdom-uk-by-age-group/
   Google Scholar
• Subrahmanyam, K., Reich, S. M., Waechter, N., & Espinoza, G. (2008). Online and offline social networks: Use of social networking sites by emerging adults. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29(6), 420–433. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2008.07.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tajfel, H. (1978). Differentiation between social groups. London, UK: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. (1979). An integrative theory of inter-group conflict. In J. A. Williams & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of inter-group relations (pp. 33–47). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
   Google Scholar
• Tajfel, H. (1979). Individuals and groups in social psychology. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 18, 183–190. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1979.tb00324.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai, H., . S., Hsu, P.-J., Chang, C.-L., Huang, -C.-C., Ho, H.-F., & LaRose, R. (2019). High tension lines: Negative social exchange and psychological well-being in the context of instant messaging. Computers in Human Behavior, 93, 326–332. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.12.034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2007). Online communication and adolescent well-being. Testing the stimulation versus displacement hypothesis. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12, 1169–1182. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00368.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2009a). Social consequences of the internet for adolescents: A decade of research. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(1), 1–5. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01595.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2009b). The effects of Instant Messaging on the quality of adolescents’ existing friendships: A longitudinal study. Journal of Communication, 59(1), 79–97. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.01405.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Meerkerk, G.-J., Vermulst, A. A., Spijkerman, R., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2008). Online communication, compulsive internet use, and psychosocial well-being among adolescents: A longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 44(3), 655–665. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.3.655
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, D. (2006). On and off the ’net: Scales for social capital in an online era. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11(2), 593–628. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.00029.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, K. (2002). Social support within an on-line cancer community: An assessment of emotional support, perceptions of advantages and disadvantages, and motives for using the community from a communication perspective. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 30(3), 195–209. doi:10.1080/00909880216586
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar