The Expanded Me: Impact of Smartphone Use on Adolescents’ Self-Expansion Via Smartphone

References

• Agarwal, R., & Karahanna, E. (2000). Time flies when you’re having fun: Cognitive absorption and beliefs about information technology usage. MIS Quarterly, 24(4), 665–694. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250951
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal, R., Sambamurthy, V., & Stair, R. M. (1997). Cognitive absorption and the adoption of new information technologies. Academy of Management Proceedings, 1997(1), 293–297. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.1997.4983719
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, M., Jiang, J. (2018). Teens, social media, & technology 2018. https://www.pewinternet.org/2018/05/31/teens-social-media-technology-2018/.
   Google Scholar
• Aron, A., & Aron, E. N. (1986). Love as the expansion of self: Understanding attraction and satisfaction. Hemisphere.
   Google Scholar
• Aron, A., & Aron, E. N. (1996). Love and expansion of the self: The state of the model. Personal Relationships, 3(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.1996.tb00103.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aron, A., Aron, E. N., & Norman, C. (2001). The self-expansion model of motivation and cognition in close relationships and beyond. In M. Clark & G. Fletcher (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Interpersonal processes (2nd ed., pp. 478–501). Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Aron, A., Lewandowski, G. W., Mashek, D., & Aron, E. N. (2013). The self-expansion model of motivation and cognition in close relationships. In J. A. Simpson & L. Campbell (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of close relationships. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bian, M., & Leung, L. (2015). Linking loneliness, shyness, smartphone addiction symptoms, and patterns of smartphone use to social capital. Social Science Computer Review, 33(1), 61–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439314528779
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• China Internet Network Information Center. (2022). The 49th statistical survey report on the internet development in China. Retrieved February 25, 2022, from http://cnnic.cn/hlwfzyj/hlwxzbg/hlwtjbg/202202/P020220407403488048001.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Christensen, M. A., Laura, B., Leanne, K., Moturu, S. T., Nguyen, K. T., Olgin, J. E., Pletcher, M. J., & Marcus, G. M. (2016). Direct measurements of smartphone screen-time: Relationships with demographics and sleep. PloS One, 11(11), e0165331. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crust, L., & Swann, C. (2013). The relationship between mental toughness and dispositional flow. European Journal of Sport Science, 13(2), 215–220. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2011.635698
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. Harpers Perennial.
   Google Scholar
• David, M. E., Roberts, J. A., & Christenson, B. (2017). Too much of a good thing: Investigating the association between actual smartphone use and individual well-being. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 34(3), 265–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2017.1349250.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum.
   Google Scholar
• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elhai, J. D., Levine, J. C., & Hall, B. J. (2019). The relationship between anxiety symptom severity and problematic smartphone use: A review of the literature and conceptual frameworks. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 62, 45–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.11.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassenzahl, M., Diefenbach, S., & Göritz, A. (2010). Needs, affect, and interactive products—facets of user experience. Interacting with Computers, 22(5), 353–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2010.04.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman, D. L., & Novak, T. P. (1996). Marketing in hypermedia computer-mediated environments: conceptual foundations. Journal of Marketing, 60(3), 50–68. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299606000304
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffner, C. A., Lee, S., & Park, S. J. (2016). “I miss my mobile phone!”: Self-expansion via mobile phone and responses to phone loss. New Media & Society, 18(11), 2452–2468. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815592665
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu, M. H., & Lin, H. C. (2017). An investigation of the impact of cognitive absorption on continued usage of social media in Taiwan: the perspectives of fit. Behaviour & Information Technology, 36(8), 768–791. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2017.1288267
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, M. L., Wang, M. C., Cai, L., Zhu, X. Z., & Yao, S. Q. (2012). Development of subjective socioeconomic status scale for Chinese adolescents. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 20(2), 155–157. https://doi.org/10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2012.02.026
   Google Scholar
• Huang, M. H. (2006). Flow, enduring, and situational involvement in the web environment: A tripartite second-order examination. Psychology and Marketing, 23(5), 383–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kardefelt-Winther, D. (2014). A conceptual and methodological critique of internet addiction research: Towards a model of compensatory internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 351–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.059
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koufaris, M. (2002). Applying the technology acceptance model and flow theory to online consumer behavior. Information Systems Research, 13(2), 205–223. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.13.2.205.83
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leary, M. R. (2007). Motivational and emotional aspects of the self. Annual Review of Psychology, 58(2007), 317–344. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085658
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee, S., Kang, H., & Shin, G. (2015). Head flexion angle while using a smartphone. Ergonomics, 58(2), 220–226. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2014.967311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Léger, P. M., Davis, F. D., Cronan, T. P., & Perret, J. (2014). Neurophysiological correlates of cognitive absorption in an enactive training context. Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 273–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, H. F. (2009). Examination of cognitive absorption influencing the intention to use a virtual community. Behaviour & Information Technology, 28(5), 421–431. https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290701662169
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, Y. H., Lin, Y. C., Lee, Y. H., Lin, P. H., Lin, S. H., Chang, L. R., Tseng, H. W., Yen, L. Y., Yang, C. C., & Kuo, T. B. (2015). Time distortion associated with smartphone addiction: Identifying smartphone addiction via a mobile application (App). Journal of Psychiatric Research, 65, 139–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.04.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Q. X., Fang, X. Y., Wan, J. J., & Zhou, Z. K. (2016). Need satisfaction and adolescent pathological internet use: Comparison of satisfaction perceived online and offline. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 695–700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.09.048
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Q., Huang, J., & Zhou, Z. (2020). Self-expansion via smartphone and smartphone addiction tendency among adolescents: A moderated mediation model. Children and Youth Services Review, 119, 105590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105590
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, Z. H., Wan, J. J., Liu, Q. X., & Fang, X. Y. (2010). The relationship of Internet use, Internet special self-efficacy and Internet addiction in university students. Psychological Development and Education, 26(6), 618–626. https://doi.org/10.16187/cnki.issn1001-4918.2010.06.010.
   Google Scholar
• Lyubomirsky, S., & Lepper, H. S. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46(2), 137–155. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006824100041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marty-Dugas, J., & Smilek, D. (2020). The relations between smartphone use, mood, and flow experience. Personality and Individual Differences, 164, 109966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.109966
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masur, P. K., Reinecke, L., Ziegele, M., & Quiring, O. (2014). The interplay of intrinsic need satisfaction and Facebook specific motives in explaining addictive behavior on Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 39, 376–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.047
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattingly, B. A., & Lewandowski, G. W. (2013). The power of one: Benefits of individual self-expansion. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(1), 12–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2012.746999
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odgers, C. L. (2018). Smartphones are bad for some adolescents, not all. Nature, 554(7693), 432–434. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-02109-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orben, A. (2020). Teenagers, screens and social media: A narrative review of reviews and key studies. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 55(4), 407–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-019-01825-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, C. S., & Kaye, B. K. (2019). Smartphone and self-extension: Functionally, anthropomorphically, and ontologically extending self via the smartphone. Mobile Media & Communication, 7(2), 215–231. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050157918808327
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, B. J., & Plank, R. E. (2000). A uses and gratifications perspectives on the Internet as a new information source. American Business Review, 18(2), 43–49.
   Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid, A. J. (2018). The smartphone paradox. Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Rettie, R. (2001). An exploration of flow during Internet use. Internet Research, 11(2), 103–113. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662240110695070
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saadé, R., & Bahli, B. (2005). The impact of cognitive absorption on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use in on-line learning: An extension of the technology acceptance model. Information & Management, 42(2), 317–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2003.12.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, C. X., Liu, R. D., & Wang, D. (2013). Why are children attracted to the internet? The role of need satisfaction perceived online and perceived in daily real life. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 185–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.08.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sivo, S. A., Fan, X., Witta, E. L., & Willse, J. T. (2006). The search for “optimal” cutoff properties: Fit index criteria in structural equation modeling. The Journal of Experimental Education, 74(3), 267–288. https://doi.org/10.3200/JEXE.74.3.267-288
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tellegen, A., & Atkinson, G. (1974). Openness to absorbing and self-altering experiences (“absorption”), a trait related to hypnotic susceptibility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 83(3), 268–277. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0036681
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaterlaus, J. M., Aylward, A., Tarabochia, D., & Martin, J. D. (2021). “A smartphone made my life easier”: An exploratory study on age of adolescent smartphone acquisition and well-being. Computers in Human Behavior, 114, 106563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106563
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, A. F. (2021). People mistake the internet’s knowledge for their own. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(43), e2105061118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2105061118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webster, J., & Ho, H. (1997). Audience engagement in multimedia presentations. ACM SIGMIS Database: The DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems, 28(2), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.1145/264701.264706
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, K. Z. K., Chen, C., Zhao, S. J., & Lee, M. K. O. (2014). Compulsive smartphone use: The roles of flow, reinforcement motives, and convenience. Paper presented at the 35th International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS 2014), Auckland, New Zealand.
   Google Scholar