276
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

A model to assess trade-offs between environmental impact and profitability of offshore salmon farms: A case study on Chile

, , , , &

References

  • Anderson, R. M., and R. M. May. 1979. Population biology of infectious diseases: Part I. Nature 280:361–367. doi:10.1038/280361a0.
  • Asche, F., and T. Bjorndal. 2011. Investment in a salmon farm. In The economics of salmon aquaculture, 2nd ed., ed. K. Heen, 201–219. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Azavedo, D. J. S., J. E. L. Barbosa, W. I. A. Gomes, D. E. Proto, J. C. Marques, and J. Molozzi. 2015. Diversity measures in macroinvertebrate and zooplankton communities related to the trophic status of subtropical reservoirs: Contradictory or complementary responses? Ecological Indicators 50:135–149. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.10.010.
  • Barrett, G., M. I. Caniggia, and L. Read. 2002. “There are more vets than doctors in Chiloé”: Social and community impact of the globalization of aquaculture in Chile. World Development 30:1951–1965. doi:10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00112-2.
  • Barton, J. R. 1997. Environment, sustainability and regulation in commercial aquaculture: The case of Chilean salmonid production. Geoforum 28:313–328. doi:10.1016/S0016-7185(97)00013-4.
  • Barton J., and A. Fløysand. 2010. The political ecology of Chilean salmon aquaculture, 1982–2010: A trajectory from economic development to global sustainability. Global Environmental Change 20:739–752. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.04.001.
  • Battista, W., J. Ellis, K. Jacobsen, L. Kaplan, J. Price, M. Villarreal, and C. Costello. 2012. Bioeconomic modeling of salmon farming practices in Southern Chile. Santa Barbara, CA: University of California.
  • Black, K., P. K. Hansen, and M. Holmer. 2008. Salmon Aquaculture Dialogue: Working group report on benthic impacts and farm siting. WWF.
  • Burridge, L., J. S. Weis, F. Cabello, J. Pizarro, and K. Bostick. 2010. Chemical use in salmon aquaculture: A review of current practices and possible environmental effects. Aquaculture 306:7–23. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.05.020.
  • Buschmann, A. H., F. Cabello, K. Young, J. Carvajal, D. A. Varela, and L. Henríquez. 2009. Salmon aquaculture and coastal ecosystem health in Chile: Analysis of regulations, environmental impacts and bioremediation systems. Ocean & Coastal Management 52:243–249. doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2009.03.002.
  • Buschmann, A. H., D. A. López, and A. Medina. 1996. A review of the environmental effects and alternative production strategies of marine aquaculture in Chile. Aquacultural Engineering 15:397–421. doi:10.1016/S0144-8609(96)01006-0.
  • Buschmann, A. H., V. A. Riquelme, M. C. Hernández-González, D. Varela, J. E. Jiménez, L. A. Henríquez, P. A. Vergara, R. Guíñez, and L. Filún. 2006. A review of the impacts of salmonid farming on marine coastal ecosystems in the Southeast Pacific. ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil 63:1338–1345. doi:10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.04.021.
  • Cacho, O. J. 1997. Systems modelling and bioeconomic modelling in aquaculture. Aquaculture Economics & Management 1:45–64. doi:10.1080/13657309709380202.
  • Chen, Y. S., M. C. M. Beveridge, T. C. Telfer, and W. J. Roy. 2003. Nutrient leaching and settling rate characteristics of the faeces of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and the implications for modelling of solid waste dispersion. Energy 19:114–117.
  • Farı́as, L. 2003. Remineralization and accumulation of organic carbon and nitrogen in marine sediments of eutrophic bays: The case of the Bay of Concepción, Chile. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 57:829–841. doi:10.1016/S0272-7714(02)00414-6.
  • Fløysand, A., H. Avard Haarstad, and J. Barton. 2010. Global economic imperatives, crisis generation and local spaces of engagement in the Chilean aquaculture industry. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift—Norwegian Journal of Geography 64:199–210. doi:10.1080/00291951.2010.528226.
  • Forster, J. 1995. Salmon aquaculture: Meeting the value expectations of a mass market. In Culture of high-value fishes in Asia and the United States, ed. K. L. Main and C. Rosenfelds, 209–218. Honolulu, HI: Oceanic Institute.
  • Gao, Q.-F., K.-L. Cheung, S.-G. Cheung, and P. K. S. Shin. 2005. Effects of nutrient enrichment derived from fish farming activities on macroinvertebrate assemblages in a subtropical region of Hong Kong. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:994–1002. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.01.009.
  • Guttormsen, A. G. 2008. Faustmann in the sea: Optimal rotation in aquaculture. Life Sciences 23:401–410.
  • Guy, D. R., S. C. Bishop, S. Brotherstone, A. Hamilton, R. J. Roberts, B. J. McAndrew, and J. A. Woolliams. 2006. Analysis of the incidence of infectious pancreatic necrosis mortality in pedigreed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., populations. Journal of Fish Diseases 29:637–647. doi:10.1111/jfd.2006.29.issue-11.
  • Heuch, P. A., and T. A. Mo. 2001. A model of salmon louse production in Norway: Effects of increasing salmon production and public management measures. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 45:145–152. doi:10.3354/dao045145.
  • Hnath, J. G. 2002. Infectious pancreatic necrosis. In A guide to integrated fish health management in the Great Lakes Basin, ed. F. P. Meyer, J. W. Warren, and T. G. Carey, 169. Ann Arbor, MI: Great Lakes Fishery Commission.
  • Howarth, R. W. 1988. Nutrient limitation of net primary production in marine ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 19:89–110. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.19.110188.000513.
  • Hvalpsund Net. 2011. Fishfarming equipment. Farsø, Denmark: Hvalpsund Net.
  • Ibieta, P., V. Tapia, C. Venegas, M. Hausdorf, and H. Takle. 2011. Chilean salmon farming on the horizon of sustainability: Review of the development of a highly intensive production, the ISA crisis and implemented actions to reconstruct a more sustainable aquaculture industry. In Aquaculture and the Environment—A Shared Destiny, ed. B. Sladonja, 227. InTech. Retrieved from http://www.intechopen.com/books/aquaculture-and-the-environment-a-shared-destiny/chilean-salmon-farming-on-the-horizon-of-sustainability-review-of-the-development-of-a-highly-intens
  • Jensen, Ø., T. Dempster, E. B. B. Thorstad, I. Uglem, and A. Fredheim. 2010. Escapes of fishes from Norwegian sea-cage aquaculture : Causes, consequences and prevention. Aquaculture Environment Interactions 1:71–83. doi:10.3354/aei00008.
  • Krkosek, M., A. Bateman, S. Proboszcz, and C. Orr. 2010. Dynamics of outbreak and control of salmon lice on two salmon farms in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia. Aquaculture Environment Interactions 1(2): 137–146. doi:10.3354/aei00014.
  • Marine Harvest. 2010. Salmon farming industry handbook 2010, 68. Atlantic. Norway: Marine Harvest. Retrieved from http://www.marineharvest.com/globalassets/investors/handbook/2015-salmon-industry-handbook.pdf
  • Mayor, D. J., M. Solan, I. Martínez, L. Murray, H. McMillan, G. I. Paton, and K. Killham. 2008. Acute toxicity of some treatments commonly used by the salmonid aquaculture industry to Corophium volutator and Hediste diversicolor: Whole sediment bioassay tests. Aquaculture 285:102–108. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.08.008.
  • McAllister, P. 1983. Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) of salmonid fishes. US Fish & Wildlife Publications. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usfwspubs/141.
  • Mccausland, W. D., E. Mente, G. J. Pierce, and I. Theodossiou. 2006. A simulation model of sustainability of coastal communities : Aquaculture, fishing, environment and labour markets. Ecological Modelling 193:271–294. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.08.028.
  • Montiel, A., E. Quiroga, and D. Gerdes. 2011. Diversity and spatial distribution patterns of polychaete assemblages in the Paso Ancho, Straits of Magellan Chile. Continental Shelf Research 31:304–314. doi:10.1016/j.csr.2010.11.010.
  • Nash, C., P. Brubridge, and J. Volkman. 2005. Guidelines for ecological risk assessment of marine fish aquaculture. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-71. http://www.aces.edu/dept/fisheries/education/documents/MarineAquacultureRiskAssessmentGuidelines.pdf.
  • Naylor, R., K. Hindar, I. A. Fleming, R. Goldburg, S. Williams, J. Volpe, F. Whoriskey, J. Eagle, D. Kelso, and M. Mangel. 2005. Fugitive salmon: Assessing the risks of escaped fish from net-pen aquaculture. BioScience 55:427–437. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0427:FSATRO]2.0.CO;2.
  • Nobre, A. M., J. K. Musango, M. P. De Wit, and J. G. Ferreira. 2009. A dynamic ecological–economic modeling approach for aquaculture management. Ecological Economics 68:3007–3017. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.06.019.
  • Ocean Conservancy. 2011. Right from the start: Open-ocean aquaculture in the United States. Washington, DC: Ocean Conservancy.
  • Pitchon, A. 2011. Sea hunters or sea farmers? Transitions in Chilean fisheries. Human Organization 70:200–209. doi:10.17730/humo.70.2.q66v20403172hh3t.
  • Polasky, S., E. Nelson, J. Camm, B. Csuti, P. Fackler, E. Lonsdorf, C. Montgomery, D. White, J. Arthur, B. Garber-Yonts, R. Haight, J. Kagan, A. Starfield, and C. Tobalske. 2008. Where to put things? Spatial land management to sustain biodiversity and economic returns. Biological Conservation 141:1505–1524. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2008.03.022.
  • Pomeroy, R., B. E. Bravo-Ureta, D. Solís, and R. J. Johnston. 2008. Bioeconomic modelling and salmon aquaculture: An overview of the literature. International Journal of Environment and Pollution 33:485–500. doi:10.1504/IJEP.2008.020574.
  • Rabalais, N. N. 2002. Nitrogen in aquatic ecosystems. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 31(2): 102–112. doi:10.1579/0044-7447-31.2.102.
  • Scheel, I., M. Aldrin, A. Frigessi, and P. A. Jansen. 2007. A stochastic model for Infectious Salmon Anemia (ISA) in Atlantic salmon farming. Journal of the Royal Society 4:699–706.
  • Shannon, C. 1948. A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal 27(4): 623–656. doi:10.1002/bltj.1948.27.issue-4.
  • Silvert, W., and J. W. Sowles. 1996. Modelling environmental impacts of marine finfish aquaculture. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 12:75–81. doi:10.1111/jai.1996.12.issue-2.
  • Sistema de Autentificación Centralizada, Activites Outstanding Profile and Process (SEIA). Servicio de Evaluación Ambiental. Retrieved from http://seia.sea.gob.cl/actividades/actividadesPorPerfil.php ( accessed 14 February 2012).
  • Soares, S., D. M. Green, J. F. Turnbull, M. Crumlish, and A. G. Murray. 2011. A baseline method for benchmarking mortality losses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) production. Aquaculture 314:7–12. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.01.029.
  • Soto, D., I. Arismendi, J. González, J. Sanzana, F. Jara, C. Jara, E. Guzmán, and A. Lara. 2006. Southern Chile, trout and salmon country: Invasion patterns and threats for native species. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 79:97–117. doi:10.4067/S0716-078X2006000100009.
  • Soto, D., F. Jara, and C. Moreno. 2001. Escaped salmon in the inner seas, southern Chile: Facing ecological and social conflicts. Ecological Applications 11:1750–1762. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[1750:ESITIS]2.0.CO;2.
  • Sylvia, G., J. L. Anderson, and D. Cai. 1996. A multilevel, multiobjective policy model: The case of marine aquaculture development. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 78:79–88. doi:10.2307/1243780.
  • Tironi, A., V. H. Marin, and F. J. Campuzano. 2010. A management tool for assessing aquaculture environmental impacts in Chilean Patagonian fjords: Integrating hydrodynamic and pellets dispersion models. Environmental Management 45:953–962. doi:10.1007/s00267-010-9467-5.
  • Veldhoen, N., M. G. Ikonomou, C. Buday, J. Jordan, V. Rehaume, M. Cabecinha, C. Dubetz, J. Chamberlain, S. Pittroff, K. Vallée, G. Van Aggelen, and C. C. Helbing. 2012. Biological effects of the anti-parasitic chemotherapeutant emamectin benzoate on a non-target crustacean, the spot prawn (Pandalus platyceros Brandt, 1851) under laboratory conditions. Aquatic Toxicology 108:94–105. doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.10.015.
  • Watershed Watch. 2001, December. Salmon farms, sea lice, & wild salmon: A watershed watch report on risk, responsibility, and the public interest. Report. Coquitlam, British Columbia: Watershed Watch Salmon Society. Retrieved from https://www.watershed-watch.org/publications/files/WWSS_Sea_Lice_Report.pdf
  • White, C., B. S. Halpern, and C. V. Kappel. 2012. Ecosystem service tradeoff analysis reveals the value of marine spatial planning for multiple ocean uses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109:4696–4701.
  • World Wildlife Federation (WWF). 2009. Salmon escapes in Chile: Incidents, impacts, mitigation, and prevention. Chile: World Wildlife Federation.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.