160
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Note

Rearing juvenile brown Salmo trutta (L.), and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), in earthen ponds with and without an induced current

, , , &

References

  • Adams, C. E., F. A. Huntingford, J. Krpal, M. Jobling, and S. J. Burnett. 1995. Exercise, agonistic behavior and food acquisition in Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus. Environmental Biology of Fishes 43:213–18. doi:10.1007/BF00002494.
  • Anttila, K., M. Jäntti, and S. Mänttäri. 2010. Effects of training on lipid metabolism in swimming muscles of sea trout (Salmo trutta). Journal of Comparative Physiology B 180:707–14. doi:10.1007/s00360-010-0446-1.
  • Anttila, K., and S. Mänttäri. 2009. Ultrastructural differences and histochemical characteristics in swimming muscles between wild and reared Atlantic salmon. Acta Physiologica 196:249–57. doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2008.01911.x.
  • Barrett, B. A., and B. A. McKeown. 1988a. Sustained exercise increases plasma growth hormone concentrations in two anadromous salmonids. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45:747–49. doi:10.1139/f88-091.
  • Barrett, B. A., and B. A. McKeown. 1988b. Sustained exercise augments long-term starvation increases in plasma growth hormone in the steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66:853–55. doi:10.1139/z88-126.
  • Barrett, B. A., and B. A. McKeown. 1988c. Growth hormone response to sustained swimming in exercise-acclimated steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri. Journal of Fish Biology 32:799–800. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05421.x.
  • Boesgaard, L., M. E. Nielsen, and P. Rosenkilde. 1993. Moderate exercise decreases plasma cortisol levels in atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 106:641–43. doi:10.1016/0300-9629(93)90373-C.
  • Boyd, C. E. 1998. Pond water aeration systems. Aquacultural Engineering 18:9–40. doi:10.1016/S0144-8609(98)00019-3.
  • Brännäs, E. 2009. The effect of moderate exercise on growth and aggression depending on social rank in groups of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.). Applied Animal Behaviour Science 119:115–19. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2009.03.003.
  • Brett, J. R. 1965. The relation of size to rate of oxygen consumption and sustained swimming speed of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 22:1491–501. doi:10.1139/f65-128.
  • Brown, E. J., M. Bruce, S. Pether, and N. A. Herbert. 2011. Do swimming fish always grow fast? Investigating the magnitude and physiological basis of exercise-induced growth in juvenile New Zealand yellowtail kingfish, Seriola lalandi. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 37:327–36. doi:10.1007/s10695-011-9500-5.
  • Bugeon, J., F. Lefevre, and B. Fauconneau. 2003. Fillet texture and muscle structure in brown trout (Salmo trutta) subjected to long-term exercise. Aquaculture Research 34:1287–95. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2109.2003.00938.x.
  • Castro, V., B. Grisdale-Helland, S. J. Helland, T. Kristensen, S. M. Jørgensen, J. Helgerud, G. Claireaux, A. P. Farrell, A. Krasnov, and H. Takle. 2011. Aerobic training stimulates growth and promotes disease resistance in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Comparative Biochemistry and Physology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 160:278–90. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.06.013.
  • Christiansen, J. S., and M. Jobling. 1990. The behaviour and the relationship between food intake and growth of juvenile Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus L., subjected to sustained exercise. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68:2185–91. doi:10.1139/z90-303.
  • Christiansen, J. S., E. H. Jørgensen, and M. Jobling. 1991. Oxygen consumption in relation to sustained exercise and social stress in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L). Journal of Experimental Zoology 260:149–56. doi:10.1002/jez.1402600203.
  • Christiansen, J. S., E. Ringo, and M. Jobling. 1989. Effects of sustained exercise on growth and body composition of first-feeding fry of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.). Aquaculture 79:329–35. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(89)90474-2.
  • Christiansen, J. S., Y. S. Svendsen, and M. Jobling. 1992. The combined effects of stocking density and sustained exercise on the behaviour, food intake, and growth of juvenile Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.). Canadian Journal of Zoology 70:115–22. doi:10.1139/z92-017.
  • Cunha, P., and P. Skov (2018). Effects of size on optimal swimming speed and cost of transport in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In: FitFish Annual Conference – Abstract Book, Porto, Portugal, 20 April, 2018, p 35.
  • Davison, W. 1989. Training and its effects on teleost fish. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 94:1–10. doi:10.1016/0300-9629(89)90775-5.
  • Davison, W. 1997. The effects of exercise training on teleost fish, a review of recent literature. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 117:67–75. doi:10.1016/S0300-9629(96)00284-8.
  • Davison, W., and G. Goldspink. 1977. The effect of prolonged exercise on the lateral musculature of the brown trout (Salmo trutta). Journal of Experimental Biology 70:1–12.
  • Davison, W., and N. A. Herbert. 2013. Swimming-enhanced growth. In Swimming physiology of fish, ed. A. P. Palstra and J. V. Planas, 177–202. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-31049-2_8.
  • Deschamps, M.-H., L. Labbé, S. Baloche, M. Fouchereau-Péron, S. Dufour, and J.-Y. Sire. 2009. Sustained exercise improves vertebral histomorphometry and modulates hormonal levels in rainbow trout. Aquaculture 296:337–46. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.07.016.
  • Driedzic, W. R., and J. W. Kiceniuk. 1976. Blood lactate levels in free-swimming rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) before and after strenuous exercise resulting in fatigue. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 33:173–76. doi:10.1139/f76-020.
  • East, P., and P. Magnan. 1987. The effect of locomotor activity on the growth of brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill. Canadian Journal of Zoology 65:843–46. doi:10.1139/z87-134.
  • FAO. (2018) Impacts of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture. Synthesis of current knowledge, adaptation and mitigation options. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 627. Food and Agriculture of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, 654.
  • Farrell, A. P. 2007. Cardiorespiratory performance during prolonged swimming tests with salmonids: A perspective on temperature effects and potential analytical pitfalls. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 362:2017–30. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2111.
  • Felip, O., A. Ibarz, J. Fernández-Borràs, M. Beltrán, M. Martín-Pérez, J. V. Planas, and J. Blasco. 2012. Tracing metabolic routes of dietary carbohydrate and protein in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using stable isotopes ([13C]starch and [15N]protein): Effects of gelatinisation of starches and sustained swimming. British Journal of Nutrition 107:834–44. doi:10.1017/S0007114511003709.
  • Fox, J., and S. Weisberg. 2011. An R companion to applied regression. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, California, USA: Sage Publishing, Inc.
  • Gamperl, A. K., J. Bryant, and E. D. Stevens. 1988. Effect of a sprint training protocol on growth rate, conversion efficiency, food consumption and body composition of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. Journal of Fish Biology 33:861–70. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05533.x.
  • Ghanizadeh-Kazerouni, E., C. E. Franklin, and F. Seebacher. 2017. Living in flowing water increases resistance to ultraviolet B radiation. Journal of Experimental Biology 220:582–87. doi:10.1242/jeb.151019.
  • Gregory, T. R., and C. M. Wood. 1999. The effects of chronic plasma cortisol elevation on the feeding behaviour, growth, competitive ability, and swimming performance of juvenile rainbow trout. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 72:286–95. doi:10.1086/316673.
  • Grünbaum, T., R. Cloutier, and N. R. Le François. 2008. Positive effects of exposure to increased water velocity on growth of newly hatched Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus L. Aquaculture Research 39:106–10. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01861.x.
  • Jobling, M., B. M. Baardvik, J. S. Christiansen, and E. H. Jørgensen. 1993. The effects of prolonged exercise training on growth performance and production parameters in fish. Aquaculture International 1:95–111. doi:10.1007/BF00692614.
  • Johnsson, J. I., S. Brockmark, and J. Näslund. 2014. Environmental effects on behavioural development consequences for fitness of captive-reared fishes in the wild. Journal of Fish Biology 85:1946–71. doi:10.1111/jfb.12547.
  • Jørgensen, E. H., and M. Jobling. 1993. The effects of exercise on growth, food utilisation and osmoregulatory capacity of juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Aquaculture 116:233–46. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(93)90011-m.
  • Kiessling, A., D. A. Higgs, B. Dosanjh, and J. G. Eales. 1994. Influence of sustained exercise at two ration levels on growth and thyroid function of all-female chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in seawater. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51:1975–84. doi:10.1139/f94-200.
  • Kumar, A., S. Moulick, and B. C. Mal. 2013. Selection of aerators for intensive aquacultural pond. Aquacultural Engineering 56:71–78. doi:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2013.05.003.
  • Larsen, B. K., P. V. Skov, D. J. McKenzie, and A. Jokumsen. 2012. The effects of stocking density and low level sustained exercise on the energetic efficiency of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared at 19°C. Aquaculture 324–325:226–33. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.10.021.
  • Lasner, T., A. Brinker, R. Nielsen, and F. Rad. 2017. Establishing a benchmarking for fish farming - profitability, productivity and energy efficiency of German, Danish and Turkish rainbow trout grow-out systems. Aquaculture Research 48:3134–48. doi:10.1111/are.13144.
  • Leon, K. A. 1986. Effect of exercise on feed consumption, growth, food conversion, and stamina of brook trout. Progressive Fish Culturist 48:43–46. doi:10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48<43:EOEOFC>2.0.CO;2.
  • Magnoni, L., and J. M. Weber. 2007. Endurance swimming activates trout lipoprotein lipase: Plasma lipids as a fuel for muscle. Journal of Experimental Biology 210:4016–23. doi:10.1242/jeb.007708.
  • Magnoni, L. J., D. Crespo, A. Ibarz, J. Blasco, J. Fernández-Borràs, and J. V. Planas. 2013a. Effects of sustained swimming on the red and white muscle transcriptome of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a carbohydrate-rich diet. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 166:510–21. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.08.005.
  • Magnoni, L. J., O. Felip, J. Blasco, and J. V. Planas. 2013b. Metabolic fuel utilization during swimming: Optimizing nutritional requirements for enhanced performance. In Swimming physiology of fish, ed. A. P. Palstra and J. V. Planas, 203–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-31049-2_9.
  • Martin, C. I., and I. A. Johnston. 2005. The role of myostatin and the calcineurin-signalling pathway in regulating muscle mass in response to exercise training in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum. Journal of Experimental Biology 208:2083–90. doi:10.1242/jeb.01605.
  • McKenzie, D. J., E. Höglund, A. Dupont-Prinet, B. K. Larsen, P. V. Skov, P. B. Pedersen, and A. Jokumsen. 2012. Effects of stocking density and sustained aerobic exercise on growth, energetics and welfare of rainbow trout. Aquaculture 338–341:216–22. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.01.020.
  • Näslund, J., and J. I. Johnsson. 2016. Environmental enrichment for fish in captive environments: Effects of physical structures and substrates. Fish and Fisheries 17:1–30. doi:10.1111/faf.12088.
  • Nielsen, R., F. Asche, and M. Nielsen. 2016. Restructuring European freshwater aquaculture from family-owned to large-scale firms - lessons from Danish aquaculture. Aquaculture Research 47:3852–66. doi:10.1111/are.12836.
  • Nordgreen, J., M. H. Bjørge, A. M. Janczak, A. L. Hovland, R. O. Moe, B. Ranheim, and T. E. Horsberg. 2013. The time budget of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) held in enriched tanks. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 144:147–52. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2013.01.005.
  • Palstra, A. P., D. Mes, K. Kusters, J. A. C. Roques, G. Flik, K. Kloet, and R. J. W. Blonk. 2015. Forced sustained swimming exercise at optimal speed enhances growth of juvenile yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi). Frontiers in Physiology 5:506. doi:10.3389/fphys.2014.00506.
  • Palstra, A. P., and J. V. Planas. 2011. Fish under exercise. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 37:259–72. doi:10.1007/s10695-011-9505-0.
  • R Core Team. (2017) R: A language and environment for statistical computing [online]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/.
  • Rasmussen, R. S., M. T. Heinrich, G. Hyldig, C. Jacobsen, and A. Jokumsen. 2011. Moderate exercise of rainbow trout induces only minor differences in fatty acid profile, texture, white muscle fibres and proximate chemical composition of fillets. Aquaculture 314:159–64. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.02.003.
  • Rogers, G. L. 1989. Aeration and circulation for effective aquaculture pond management. Aquacultural Engineering 8:349–55. doi:10.1016/0144-8609(89)90041-1.
  • Skov, P. V., I. Lund, and A. M. Pargana. 2015. No evidence for a bioenergetic advantage from forced swimming in rainbow trout under a restrictive feeding regime. Frontiers in Physiology 6:31. doi:10.3389/fphys.2015.00031.
  • Skov, P. V., L. F. Pedersen, and P. B. Pedersen. 2013. Nutrient digestibility and growth in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are impaired by short term exposure to moderate supersaturation in total gas pressure. Aquaculture 416–417:179–84. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.09.007.
  • Solstorm, F., D. Solstorm, F. Oppedal, A. Fernø, T. W. K. Fraser, and R.-E. Olsen. 2015. Fast water currents reduce production performance of post-smolt Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Aquaculture Environment Interactions 7:125–34. doi:10.3354/aei00143.
  • Solstorm, F., D. Solstorm, F. Oppedal, and P. G. Fjelldal. 2016a. The vertebral column and exercise in Atlantic salmon - regional effects. Aquaculture 461:9–16. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.04.019.
  • Solstorm, F., D. Solstorm, F. Oppedal, R. E. Olsen, L. H. Stien, and A. Fernö. 2016b. Not too slow, not too fast: Water currents affect group structure, aggression and welfare in post-smolt Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Aquaculture Environment Interactions 8:339–47. doi:10.3354/aei00178.
  • Torchiano, M. 2017. Effsize: Efficient effect size computation. R package version 0.7.1. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=effsize
  • Totland, G. K., P. G. Fjelldal, H. Kryvi, G. Løkka, A. Wargelius, A. Sagstad, T. Hansen, and S. Grotmol. 2011. Sustained swimming increases the mineral content and osteocyte density of salmon vertebral bone. Journal of Anatomy 219:490–501. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01399.x.
  • Totland, G. K., H. Kryvi, K. A. Jødestøl, E. N. Christiansen, A. Tangerås, and E. Slinde. 1987. Growth and composition of the swimming muscle of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) during long-term sustained swimming. Aquaculture 66:299–313. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(87)90115-3.
  • Tucker, V. A. 1970. Energetic cost of locomotion in animals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 34:841–46. doi:10.1016/0010-406x(70)91006-6.
  • Tudorache, C., G. De Boeck, and G. Claireaux. 2013. Forced and preferred swimming speeds of fish: A methodological approach. In Swimming physiology of fish, ed. A. P. Palstra and J. V. Planas, 81–108. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-31049-2_4.
  • Tudorache, C., R. A. O’Keefe, and T. J. Benfey. 2011. Optimal swimming speeds reflect preferred swimming speeds of brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill, 1874). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 37:307–15. doi:10.1007/s10695-011-9498-8.
  • West, T. G., P. G. Arthur, R. K. Suarez, C. J. Doll, and P. W. Hochachka. 1993. In vivo utilization of glucose by heart and locomotory muscles of exercising rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Experimental Biology 177:63–79. doi:10.1016/0300-9629(85)90262-2.
  • White, J. R., and H. W. Li. 1985. Determination of the energetic cost of swimming from the analysis of growth rate and body composition in juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 81:25–33. doi:10.1016/0300-9629(85)90262-2.
  • Woodward, J. J., and L. S. Smith. 1985. Exercise training and the stress response in rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Richardson. Journal of Fish Biology 26:435–47. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1985.tb04283.x.
  • Woynarovich, A., G. Hoitsy, and T. Moth-Poulsen. 2011. Small-scale rainbow trout farming. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 561, Fisheries and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, 81.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.