6,855
Views
171
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Emotion in inter-group relations

&
Pages 86-125 | Published online: 02 Jun 2008

References

  • Arnold , M. B. 1960 . Emotion and personality , Vol. 1 & 2 , New York : Columbia University Press .
  • Ashmore , R. D. , Deaux , K. and McLaughlin-Volpe , T. 2004 . An organizing framework for collective identity: Articulation and significance of multidimensionality . Psychological Bulletin , 130 : 80 – 114 .
  • Batson , C. D. 1998 . “ Altruism and prosocial behaviour ” . In The handbook of social psychology , 4th ed , Edited by: Gilbert , D. T. , Fiske , S. T. and Lindzey , G. Vol. 2 , 282 – 316 . Boston , MA : McGraw-Hill .
  • Batson , C. D. , Polycarpou , M. P. , Harmon-Jones , E. , Imhoff , H. J. , Mitchener , E. C. Bednar , L. L. 1997 . Empathy and attitudes: Can feeling for a member of a stigmatised group improve feelings toward the group? . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 72 : 105 – 118 .
  • Bizman , A. and Hoffman , M. 1993 . Expectations, emotions, and preferred responses regarding the Arab–Israeli conflict: An attributional analysis . The Journal of Conflict Resolution , 37 : 139 – 159 .
  • Bizman , A. , Yinon , Y. and Krotman , S. 2001 . Group-based emotional distress: An extension of self-discrepancy theory . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 27 : 1291 – 1300 .
  • Branscombe , N. R. 2004 . “ A social psychological process perspective on collective guilt ” . In Collective guilt: International perspectives , Edited by: Branscombe , N. R. and Doosje , B. 320 – 334 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Branscombe , N. R. , Ellemers , N. , Spears , R. and Doosje , B. 1999 . “ The context and content of social identity threat ” . In Social identity: Context, commitment, content , Edited by: Ellemers , N. , Spears , R. and Doosje , B. 35 – 58 . Oxford , UK : Blackwell .
  • Branscombe , N. R. , Slugoski , B. and Kappen , D. M. 2004 . “ The measurement of collective guilt: What it is and what it is not ” . In Collective guilt: International perspectives , Edited by: Branscombe , N. R. and Doosje , B. 16 – 34 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • British Broadcasting Corporation . June 22 2004 . Bush's foreign policy: Your views June 22 , Retrieved 20 February 2008 from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3808299.stm
  • Cottrell , C. A. and Neuberg , S. L. 2005 . Differential emotional reactions to different groups: A sociofunctional threat-based approach to “prejudice” . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 88 : 770 – 789 .
  • Crisp , R. J. , Heuston , S. , Farr , M. J. and Turner , R. N. 2007 . Seeing red or feeling blue: Differentiated intergroup emotions and ingroup identification in soccer fans . Group Processes & Intergroup Relations , 10 : 9 – 25 .
  • Dijker , A. J. M. 1987 . Emotional reactions to ethnic minorities . European Journal of Social Psychology , 17 : 305 – 325 .
  • Doosje , B. , Branscombe , N. R. , Spears , R. and Manstead , A. S. R. 1998 . Guilty by association: When one's group has a negative history . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 75 : 872 – 886 .
  • Doosje , B. , Branscombe , N. R. , Spears , R. and Manstead , A. S. R. 2006 . Antecedents and consequences of group-based guilt: The effects of ingroup identification . Group Processes and Intergroup Relations , 9 : 325 – 338 .
  • Dumont , M. , Yzerbyt , V. Y. , Wigboldus , D. and Gordijn , E. H. 2003 . Social categorisation and fear reactions to the September 11th terrorist attaches . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 29 : 1509 – 1520 .
  • Ellemers , N. , Spears , R. and Doosje , B. 2002 . Self and social identity . Annual Review of Psychology , 53 : 161 – 186 .
  • Fiske , S. T. , Cuddy , A. J. C. , Glick , P. and Xu , J. 2002 . A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 82 : 878 – 902 .
  • Frijda , N. 1986 . The emotions , Cambridge , UK : Cambridge University Press .
  • Garcia , A. L. , Miller , D. A. , Smith , E. R. M. and Mackie , D. M. 2006 . Thanks for the compliment? Emotional reactions to group-level versus individual-level compliments and insults . Group Processes and Intergroup Relations , 9 : 307 – 324 .
  • Gordijn , E. H. , Wigboldus , D. and Yzerbyt , V. 2001 . Emotional consequences of categorising victims of negative outgroup behaviour as ingroup or outgroup . Group Processes and Intergroup Relations , 4 : 317 – 326 .
  • Gordijn , E. H. , Yzerbyt , V. , Wigboldus , D. and Dumont , M. 2006 . Emotional reactions to harmful intergroup behaviour . European Journal of Social Psychology , 36 : 15 – 30 .
  • Harth , N. S. , Kessler , T. and Leach , C. W. 2008 . Advantaged group's emotional reactions to inter-group inequality: The dynamics of pride, guilt, and sympathy . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 34 : 115 – 129 .
  • Iyer , A. , Leach , C. W. and Crosby , F. J. 2003 . White guilt and racial compensation: The benefits and limits of self-focus . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 29 : 117 – 129 .
  • Iyer , A. , Schmader , T. and Lickel , B. 2007 . Why individuals protest the perceived transgressions of their country: The role of anger, shame, and guilt . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 33 : 572 – 587 .
  • Johns , M. , Schmader , T. and Lickel , B. 2005 . Ashamed to be an American? The role of identification in predicting vicarious shame for anti-Arab prejudice after 9–11 . Self and Identity , 4 : 331 – 348 .
  • Kessler , T. and Hollbach , S. 2005 . Group-based emotions as determinants of ingroup identification . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 41 : 677 – 685 .
  • Lazarus , R. S. 1991 . Emotion and adaptation , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Leach , C. W. , Ellemers , N. and Barreto , M. 2007a . Group virtue: The importance of morality (vs. competence and sociability) in the positive evaluation of in-groups . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 93 : 234 – 279 .
  • Leach , C. W. , Iyer , A. and Pedersen , A. 2006 . Guilt and anger about in-group advantage as explanations of the willingness for political action . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 32 : 1232 – 1245 .
  • Leach , C. W. , Iyer , A. and Pedersen , A. 2007b . Angry opposition to government redress: When the structurally advantaged perceive themselves as relatively deprived . British Journal of Social Psychology , 46 : 191 – 204 .
  • Leach , C. W. , Snider , N. and Iyer , A. 2002 . “Poisoning the consciences of the fortunate”: The experience of relative advantage and support for social equality ” . In Relative deprivation: Specification, development, integration , Edited by: Walker , I. and Smith , H. J. 136 – 163 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Leach , C. W. , Spears , R. , Branscombe , N. R. and Doosje , B. 2003 . Malicious pleasure: Schadenfreude at the suffering of another group . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 84 : 932 – 943 .
  • Leach , C. W. , Van Zomeren , M. , Zebel , S. , Vliek , M. , Pennekamp , S. F. Doosje , B. in press . Group-level self-definition and self-investment: A hierarchical (multi-component) model of in-group identification . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology ,
  • Lickel , B. , Schmader , T. , Curtis , M. , Scarnier , M. and Ames , D. R. 2005 . Vicarious shame and guilt . Group Processes and Intergroup Relations , 8 : 145 – 157 .
  • Luhtanen , R. and Crocker , J. 1992 . A collective self-esteem scale: Self-evaluation of one's social identity . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 18 : 302 – 318 .
  • MacCallum , R. C. , Zhang , S. , Preacher , K. J. and Rucker , D. D. 2002 . On the practice of dichotomization of quantitative variables . Psychological Methods , 7 : 19 – 40 .
  • McCoy , S. K. and Major , B. 2003 . Group identification moderates emotional responses to perceived prejudice . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 29 : 1005 – 1017 .
  • McGarty , C. , Pedersen , A. , Leach , C. W. , Mansell , T. , Waller , J. and Bliuc , A-M. 2005 . Group-based guilt as a predictor of commitment to apology . British Journal of Social Psychology , 44 : 659 – 680 .
  • Mackie , D. M. , Devos , T. and Smith , E. R. 2000 . Intergroup emotions: Explaining offensive action tendencies in an intergroup context . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 79 : 602 – 616 .
  • Mackie D. M. Smith E. R. 2002 From prejudice to intergroup emotions: Differentiated reactions to social groups New York Psychology Press
  • Mackie , D. M. , Silver , L. A. and Smith , E. R. 2004 . “ Intergroup emotions: Emotion as an intergroup phenomenon ” . In The social life of emotions , Edited by: Tiedens , L. Z. and Leach , C. W. 227 – 245 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Maitner , A. T. , Mackie , D. M. and Smith , E. R. 2006 . Evidence for the regulatory function of intergroup emotion: Emotional consequences of implemented or impeded intergroup action tendencies . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 42 : 720 – 728 .
  • Mummendey , A. , Kessler , T. , Klink , A. and Mielke , R. 1999 . Strategies to cope with negative social identity: predictions by social identity theory and relative deprivation theory . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 76 : 229 – 245 .
  • Parkinson , B. , Fischer , A. H. and Manstead , A. S. R. 2005 . Emotion in social relations: Cultural, group, and interpersonal processes , New York : Psychology Press .
  • Pennekamp , S. F. , Doosje , B. , Zebel , S. and Fischer , A. H. 2007 . The past and the pending: The antecedents and consequences of group-based anger in historically and currently disadvantaged groups . Group Processes and Intergroup Relations , 10 : 41 – 55 .
  • Petrocelli , J. V. and Smith , E. R. 2005 . Who I am, who we are, and why: Links between emotions and causal attributions for self- and group discrepancies . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 31 : 1628 – 1642 .
  • Powell , A. A. , Branscombe , N. R. and Schmitt , M. T. 2005 . Inequality as ingroup privilege or outgroup disadvantage: The impact of group focus on collective guilt and interracial attitudes . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 31 : 508 – 521 .
  • Roccas , S. , Klar , Y. and Leviatan , I. 2006 . The paradox of group-based guilt: Modes of national identification, conflict vehemence, and reactions to the ingroup's moral violations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 91 : 698 – 711 .
  • Runciman , W. G. 1966 . Relative deprivation and social justice: A study of attitudes to social inequality in twentieth-century England , Berkeley , CA : University of California Press .
  • Scherer K. R. Schorr A. Johnstone T. 2001 Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research New York Oxford University Press
  • Schmader , T. and Lickel , B. 2006 . The approach and avoidance function of guilt and shame emotions: Comparing reactions to self-caused and other-caused wrongdoing . Motivation and Emotion , 30 : 43 – 56 .
  • Schmitt , M. , Behner , R. , Montada , L. , Muller , L. and Muller-Fohrbrodt , G. 2001 . Gender, ethnicity, and education as privileges: Exploring the generalizability of the existential guilt reaction . Social Justice Research , 13 : 313 – 337 .
  • Simon , B. 1997 . “ Self and group in modern society: Ten theses on the individual self and the collective self ” . In The social psychology of stereotyping and group life , Edited by: Spears , R. , Oakes , P. J. , Ellemers , N. and Haslam , S. A. 318 – 335 . Oxford , UK : Blackwell .
  • Smith , E. R. 1993 . “ Social identity and social emotions: Toward new conceptualisations of prejudice ” . In Affect, cognition, and stereotyping: Interactive processes in group perception , Edited by: Mackie , D. M. and Hamilton , D. L. 297 – 315 . San Diego , CA : Academic Press .
  • Smith , E. R. , Seger , C. R. and Mackie , D. M. 2007 . Can emotions be truly group level? Evidence regarding four conceptual criteria . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 93 : 431 – 446 .
  • Smith , H. J. and Kessler , T. 2004 . “ Group-based emotions and intergroup behaviour: The case of relative deprivation ” . In The social life of emotions , Edited by: Tiedens , L. Z. and Leach , C. W. 292 – 313 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Smith , H. J. and Ortiz , D. 2002 . “ Is it just me? The different consequences of personal and group relative deprivation ” . In Relative deprivation theory: Specification, development, and integration Edited by: Walker , I. and Smith , H. J. 91 – 115New York: Cambridge University Press. .
  • Stürmer , S. , Snyder , M. and Omoto , A. M. 2005 . Prosocial emotions and helping: The moderating role of group membership . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 88 : 532 – 546 .
  • Swim , J. K. and Miller , D. L. 1999 . White guilt: Its antecedents and consequences for attitudes toward affirmative action . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 25 : 500 – 514 .
  • Tajfel , H. and Turner , J. C. 1979 . “ An integrative theory of intergroup conflict ” . In The social psychology of intergroup relations , Edited by: Austin , W. G. and Worchel , S. 7 – 24 . Chicago , IL : Nelson-Hall .
  • Tam , T. , Hewstone , M. , Cairns , E. , Tausch , N. , Maio , G. and Kenworthy , J. 2007 . The impact of intergroup emotions on forgiveness in Northern Ireland . Group Processes & Intergroup Relations , 10 : 119 – 135 .
  • Tiedens L. Z. Leach C. W. 2004 The social life of emotions New York Cambridge University Press
  • Turner , J. C. , Hogg , M. A. , Oakes , P. J. , Reicher , S. D. and Wetherell , M. S. 1987 . Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorisation theory , Oxford , UK : Blackwell .
  • van Zomeren , M. , Spears , R. , Fischer , A. H. and Leach , C. W. 2004 . Put your money where your mouth is! Explaining collective action tendencies through group-based anger and group efficacy . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 84 : 649 – 664 .
  • van Zomeren , M. , Spears , R. and Leach , C. W. in press . Exploring psychological mechanisms of collective action: Does relevance of group identity influence how people cope with collective disadvantage? . British Journal of Social Psychology ,
  • Wohl , M. J. A. and Branscombe , N. R. 2005 . Forgiveness and collective guilt assignment to historical perpetrator groups depend on level of social category inclusiveness . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 88 : 288 – 303 .
  • Yzerbyt , V. Y. , Dumont , M. , Mathieu , B. , Gordijn , E. and Wigboldus , D. 2006 . “ Social comparison and group-based emotions ” . In Social comparison and social psychology: Understanding cognition, intergroup relations, and culture , Edited by: Guimond , S. 174 – 205 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Yzerbyt , V. , Dumont , M. , Wigboldus , D. and Gordijn , E. 2003 . I feel for us: The impact of categorisation and identification on emotions and action tendencies . British Journal of Social Psychology , 42 : 533 – 549 .
  • Zebel , S. , Doosje , B. and Spears , R. 2004 . “ It depends on your point of view: Implications of perspective-taking and national identification for Dutch collective guilt ” . In Collective guilt: International perspectives , Edited by: Branscombe , N. R. and Doosje , B. 148 – 168 . New York : Cambridge University Press .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.