2,023
Views
108
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The dynamics of self-regulation

, &
Pages 315-344 | Published online: 01 Oct 2009

References

  • Aarts , H. and Dijksterhuis , A. 2000 . Habits as knowledge structures: Automaticity in goal-directed behavior . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 78 : 53 – 63 .
  • Arkes , H. R. and Ayton , P. 1999 . The sunk cost and Concorde effects: Are humans less rational than lower animals? . Psychological Bulletin , 125 : 591 – 600 .
  • Arkes , H. R. and Blumer , C. 1985 . The psychology of sunk cost . Organisational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 35 : 124 – 140 .
  • Ashmore , R. D. , Deaux , K. and McLaughlin-Volpe , T. 2004 . An organising framework for collective identity: Articulation and significance of multidimensionality . Psychological Bulletin , 130 : 80 – 114 .
  • Aspinwall , L. G. 1998 . Rethinking the role of positive affect in self-regulation . Motivation & Emotion , 22 : 1 – 32 .
  • Atkinson , J. W. 1964 . An introduction to motivation , Oxford , , UK : Van Nostrand .
  • Atkinson , J. W. 1974 . “ Strength and motivation and efficiency of performance ” . In Motivation and achievement , Edited by: Atkinson , J. W. and Raynor , J. O. 193 – 218 . New York : Wiley .
  • Atkinson , J. W. and Raynor , J. O. 1978 . Personality, motivation, and achievement , New York : Halsted Press .
  • Bandura , A. 1997 . Self-efficacy: The exercise of control , New York : W. H. Freeman/Times Books/Henry Holt & Co .
  • Baumeister , R. F. , Heatherton , T. F. and Tice , D. M. 1994 . Losing control: How and why people fail at self-regulation , San Diego , CA : Academic Press .
  • Beer , J. S. and Keltner , D. 2004 . What is unique about self-conscious emotions? Comment on Tracy & Robins’“Putting the self into self-conscious emotions: A theoretical model” . Psychological Inquiry , 15 : 126 – 129 .
  • Bem , D. J. 1972 . “ Self-perception theory ” . In Advances in experimental social psychology , Edited by: Berkowitz , L. Vol. 6 , 1 – 62 . New York : Academic Press .
  • Brehm , J. W. 1966 . Theory of psychological reactance , Burlington , MA : Academic Press .
  • Brunstein , J. C. and Gollwitzer , P. M. 1996 . Effects of failure on subsequent performance: The importance of self-defining goals . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 70 : 395 – 407 .
  • Buehler , R. , Griffin , D. and Ross , M. 1994 . Exploring the “planning fallacy”: Why people underestimate their task completion times . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 67 : 366 – 381 .
  • Carver , C. S. and Scheier , M. F. 1998 . On the self-regulation of behavior , New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Chartrand , T. L. and Bargh , J. A. 1996 . Automatic activation of impression formation and memorization goals: Nonconscious goal priming reproduces the effects of explicit task instructions . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 71 : 464 – 478 .
  • Cialdini , R. B. , Borden , R. J. , Thorne , A. , Walker , M. R. , Freeman , S. and Sloan , L. R. 1976 . Basking in reflected glory: Three (football) field studies . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 34 : 366 – 375 .
  • Cialdini , R. B. , Trost , M. R. and Newsom , J. T. 1995 . Preference for consistency: The development of a valid measure and the discovery of surprising behavioral implications . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 69 : 318 – 328 .
  • Dhar , R. and Simonson , I. 1999 . Making complementary choices in consumption episodes: Highlighting versus balancing . Journal of Marketing Research , 36 : 29 – 44 .
  • Dovidio , J. F. , Piliavin , J. A. , Gaertner , S. , Schroeder , D. A. and Clark , R. D. 1991 . “ The arousal: Cost–reward model and the process of intervention: A review of the evidence ” . In Prosocial behavior. Review of personality and social psychology , Edited by: Clark , M. Vol. 12 , 86 – 118 . Newbury Park , CA : Sage .
  • Ellemers , N. , Spears , R. and Doosje , B. 1997 . Sticking together or falling apart: Ingroup identification as a psychological determinant of group commitment versus individual mobility . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 72 : 617 – 626 .
  • Eyal , T. , Fishbach , A. and Labroo , A. L. 2009 . When mood cues goal progress versus goal adoption: A matter of (mis)attribution Unpublished manuscript, University of Chicago
  • Feather , N. T. 1990 . “ Bridging the gap between values and actions: Recent applications of the expectancy-value model ” . In Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior , Edited by: Higgins , E. T. and Sorrentino , R. M. Vol. 2 , 151 – 192 . New York : Guilford Press .
  • Ferguson , M. J. and Bargh , J. A. 2004 . Liking is for doing: The effects of goal pursuit on automatic evaluation . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 87 : 557 – 572 .
  • Finkelstein , S. R. and Fishbach , A. 2009 . Seeking and giving negative feedback in self-regulation Unpublished manuscript, University of Chicago
  • Fishbein , M. and Ajzen , I. 1974 . Attitudes towards objects as predictors of single and multiple behavioral criteria . Psychological Review , 81 : 29 – 74 .
  • Fishbach , A. and Dhar , R. 2005 . Goals as excuses or guides: The liberating effect of perceived goal progress on choice . Journal of Consumer Research , 32 : 370 – 377 .
  • Fishbach , A. , Dhar , R. and Zhang , Y. 2006 . Subgoals as substitutes or complements: The role of goal accessibility . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 91 : 232 – 242 .
  • Fishbach , A. and Finkelstein , S. R. 2009 . Seeking, giving and responding to feedback from relationship partners Unpublished manuscript, University of Chicago
  • Fishbach , A. , Henderson , M. D. and Koo , M. 2009 . Group goals and sources of motivation: When others don't get the job done, I (might) pick up the slack Unpublished manuscript, University of Chicago
  • Fishbach , A. and Labroo , A. 2007 . Be better or be merry: How mood affects self-control . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 93 : 158 – 173 .
  • Fishbach , A. and Zhang , Y. 2008 . Together or apart: When goals and temptations complement versus compete . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 94 : 547 – 559 .
  • Förster , J. , Higgins , E. and Idson , L. C. 1998 . Approach and avoidance strength during goal attainment: Regulatory focus and the “goal looms larger” effect . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 75 : 1115 – 1131 .
  • Frijda , N. H. 1986 . The emotions , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Heath , C. , Larrick , R. and Wu , G. 1999 . Goals as reference points . Cognitive Psychology , 38 : 129 – 166 .
  • Higgins , E. T. 1987 . Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect . Psychological Review , 94 : 319 – 340 .
  • Hull , C. L. 1934 . The rat's speed-of-locomotion gradient in the approach to food . Journal of Comparative Psychology , 17 : 393 – 422 .
  • Isen , A. M. , Johnson , M. M. , Mertz , E. and Robinson , G. F. 1985 . The influence of positive affect on the unusualness of word associations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 48 : 1413 – 1426 .
  • Jackson , J. M. and Williams , K. D. 1985 . Social loafing on difficult tasks: Working collectively can improve performance . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 49 : 937 – 942 .
  • Jehn , K. A. , Chadwick , C. and Thatcher , S. M. B. 1997 . To agree or not to agree: The effects of value congruence, individual demographic dissimilarity, and conflict on workgroup outcomes . International Journal of Conflict Management , 8 : 287 – 305 .
  • Khan , U. and Dhar , R. 1996 . Licensing effect in consumer choice . Journal of Marketing Research , 43 : 259 – 266 .
  • Kelley , H. H. 1972 . “ Attribution in social interaction ” . In Attribution: Perceiving the causes of behavior , Edited by: Jones , E. E. , Kanouse , D. E. , Kelley , H. H. , Nisbett , R. E. , Valins , S. and Weiner , B. 1 – 26 . Morristown , NJ : General Learning Press .
  • Kerr , N. L. and Bruun , S. E. 1983 . Dispensability of member effort and group motivation losses: Free-rider effects . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 44 : 78 – 94 .
  • Kidwell , R. E. and Bennett , N. 1993 . Employee propensity to withhold effort: A conceptual model to intersect three avenues of research . Academy of Management Review , 18 : 429 – 456 .
  • Kivetz , R. , Urminsky , O. and Zheng , Y. 2006 . The goal-gradient hypothesis resurrected: Purchase acceleration, illusionary goal progress, and customer retention . Journal of Marketing Research , 43 : 39 – 58 .
  • Koo , M. and Fishbach , A. 2008 . Dynamics of self-regulation: How (un)accomplished goal actions affect motivation . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 94 : 183 – 195 .
  • Kruglanski , A. W. , Shah , J. Y. , Fishbach , A. , Friedman , R. , Chun , W. Y. and Sleeth-Keppler , D. 2002 . “ A theory of goal systems ” . In Advances in experimental social psychology , Edited by: Zanna , M. P. Vol. 34 , 331 – 378 . San Diego , CA : Academic Press .
  • Kuhl , J. and Beckmann , J. 1985 . Action control from cognition to behavior , New York : Springer-Verlag .
  • Leonardelli , G. J. and Brewer , M. B. 2001 . Minority and majority discrimination: When and why . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 37 : 468 – 485 .
  • Lewin , K. , Dembo , T. , Festinger , L. and Sears , P. S. 1944 . “ Level of aspiration ” . In Personality and the behavioral disorders , Edited by: Hunt , J. M. 333 – 371 . New York : Roland Press .
  • Liberman , N. and Förster , J. 2008 . Expectancy, value and psychological distance: A new look at goal gradients . Social Cognition , 26 : 515 – 533 .
  • Liberman , N. and Trope , Y. 1998 . The role of feasibility and desirability considerations in near and distant future decisions: A test of temporal construal theory . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 75 : 5 – 18 .
  • Locke , E. A. and Latham , G. P. 1990 . A theory of goal setting & task performance , Upper Saddle River , NJ : Prentice-Hall .
  • Loewenstein , G. 1996 . Out of control: Visceral influences on behavior . Organisational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 65 : 272 – 292 .
  • Losco , J. and Epstein , S. 1977 . Relative steepness of approach and avoidance gradients as a function of magnitude and valence of incentive . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 86 : 360 – 368 .
  • Louro , M. S. , Pieters , R. and Zeelenberg , M. 2007 . Dynamics of multiple goal pursuit . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 93 : 174 – 193 .
  • Martin , L. L. , Ward , D. W. , Achee , J. W. and Wyer , R. S. 1993 . Mood as input: People have to interpret the motivational implications of their moods . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 64 : 317 – 326 .
  • McCauley , C. 2001 . “ The psychology of group identification and the power of ethnic nationalism ” . In Ethnopolitical warfare: Causes, consequences, and possible solutions , Edited by: Chirot , D. and Seligman , M. 343 – 362 . Washington , DC : APA Books .
  • Metcalfe , J. and Mischel , W. 1999 . A hot/cool-system analysis of delay of gratification: Dynamics of willpower . Psychological Review , 106 : 3 – 19 .
  • Miller , G. A. , Galanter , E. and Pribram , K. H. 1960 . Plans and the structure of behavior , New York : Henry Holt .
  • Monin , B. and Miller , D. T. 2001 . Moral credentials and the expression of prejudice . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 81 : 33 – 43 .
  • Moskowitz , G. B. 2002 . Preconscious effects of temporary goals on attention . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 38 : 397 – 404 .
  • Myrseth , K. O. R. and Fishbach , A. 2009 . “ Self-control: A function of knowing when and how to exercise restraint ” . In Current Directions in Psychological Science 247 – 252 .
  • Oettingen , G. and Mayer , D. 2002 . The motivating function of thinking about the future: Expectations versus fantasies . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 83 : 1198 – 1212 .
  • Powers , W. T. 1973 . Behavior: The control of perception , Oxford , , UK : Aldine .
  • Rachlin , H. 1997 . “ Self and self-control ” . In The self across psychology: Self-recognition, self-awareness, and the self-concept. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , Edited by: Snodgrass , J. G. and Thompson , R. L. Vol. 818 , 85 – 97 . New York : New York Academy of Sciences .
  • Ringelmann , M. 1913b . Recherches sur les moteurs animés: Travail de l'homme [Research on animate sources of power: The work of man] . Annales de l'Institut National Agronomique, 2e série–tome , 12 : 1 – 40 .
  • Schwarz , N. and Clore , G. L. 1983 . Mood, misattribution, and judgments of well-being: Informative and directive functions of affective states . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 83 : 1261 – 1280 .
  • Shah , J. Y. , Friedman , R. and Kruglanski , A. W. 2002 . Forgetting all else: On the antecedents and consequences of goal shielding . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 83 : 1261 – 1280 .
  • Shah , J. Y. and Kruglanski , A. W. 2003 . When opportunity knocks: Bottom-up priming of goals by means and its effects on self-regulation . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 84 : 1109 – 1122 .
  • Stroebe , W. , Mensink , W. , Aarts , H. , Schut , H. and Kruglanski , A. W. 2008 . Why dieters fail: Testing the goal conflict model of eating . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 44 : 26 – 36 .
  • Stroebe , W. , Papies , E. K. and Aarts , H. 2008 . From homeostatic to hedonic theories of eating: Self-regulatory failure in food-rich environments . Applied Psychology: An International Review , 57 : 172 – 193 .
  • Tajfel , H. and Turner , J. C. 1986 . “ The social identity theory of intergroup behavior ” . In Psychology of intergroup relation , Edited by: Worchel , S. and Austin , W. Chicago : Nelson-Hall .
  • Tangney , J. P. , Miller , R. S. , Flicker , L. and Barlow , D. H. 1996 . Are shame, guilt, and embarrassment distinct emotions? . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 70 : 1256 – 1269 .
  • Taylor , S. E. and Brown , J. D. 1988 . Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health . Psychological Bulletin , 103 : 193 – 210 .
  • Tolman , E. C. 1932 . Purposive behavior in animals and men , New York : Appleton-Century-Crofts .
  • Trope , Y. and Fishbach , A. 2000 . Counteractive self-control in overcoming temptation . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 79 : 493 – 506 .
  • Trope , Y. and Liberman , N. 2003 . Temporal construal . Psychological Review , 110 : 403 – 421 .
  • Trope , Y. and Neter , E. 1994 . Reconciling competing motives in self-evaluation: The role of self-control in feedback seeking . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 66 : 646 – 657 .
  • Turner , J. C. 1987 . “ A self-categorisation theory ” . In Rediscovering the social groups: Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations , Edited by: Hogg , M. , Oakes , P. , Reicher , S. and Wetherell , M. S. London : Academic Press .
  • Vallacher , R. R. and Wegner , D. M. 1987 . What do people think they're doing? Action identification and human behavior . Psychological Review , 94 : 3 – 15 .
  • Vroom , V. H. 1964 . Work and motivation , New York : Wiley .
  • Weiner , B. 1979 . A theory of motivation for some classroom experiences . Journal of Educational Psychology , 71 : 3 – 25 .
  • Weinstein , N. D. 1989 . Optimistic biases about personal risks . Science , 246 : 1232 – 1233 .
  • Weldon , E. , Jehn , K. A. and Pradhan , P. 1991 . Processes that mediate the relationship between a group goal and improved group performance . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 61 : 555 – 569 .
  • Wicklund , R. A. and Gollwitzer , P. M. 1982 . Symbolic self-completion , Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc .
  • Zander , A. 1980 . “ The origins and consequences of group goals ” . In Retrospections on social psychology , Edited by: Festinger , L. 205 – 235 . New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Zauberman , G. and Lynch , J. G. Jr. 2005 . Resource slack and propensity to discount delayed investments of time versus money . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 134 : 23 – 37 .
  • Zhang , Y. , Fishbach , A. and Dhar , R. 2007 . When thinking beats doing: The role of optimistic expectations in goal-based choice . Journal of Consumer Research , 34 : 567 – 578 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.