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Case Studies: Occupational Exposures to Heavy Metals at a Bolivian Smelter

Pages 591-595 | Published online: 24 Feb 2011

References

  • Wainwright , S. H. 1995 . “ Exposure Assessment for Heavy Metals in Oruro, Bolivia, 1994. ” . In International Congress on Hazardous Waste: Impact on Human and Ecological Health, Abstracts, p. 141 Atlanta, GA : Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry .
  • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health . 1994 . “ Elements by ICP: Method 7300. ” . In NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 4th Ed Edited by: Eller , P. and Cassinelli , M.E. Cincinnati, OH : NIOSH . NIOSH Pub. No. 94-113
  • Miller , D. T. , Paschal , D. C. and Gunter , E. W. 1987 . Determination of Lead in Blood Using Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with a L'vov Platform and Matrix Modifier . Analyst , 112 : 1701 – 1704 .
  • Paschal , D. C. , Kimberly , M. M. and Bailey , G. G. 1986 . Determination of Urinary Arsenic by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with the L'vov Platform and Matrix Modification . Analytica Chimica Acta , 181 : 179 – 186 .
  • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health . 1987 . NIOSH Guide to Industrial Respiratory Protection. NIOSH Pub. No. 87-116 Cincinnati, OH : NIOSH .
  • American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists . 1995-1996 Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices . Cincinnati, OH : ACGIH .
  • Rosenstock , L. and Cullen , M. 1994 . “ Arsenic. ” . In Textbook of Clinical Occupational and Environmental Medicine, pp. 732-734 Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders Company .
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . 1990 . Healthy People , 2000 National Health Promotion and Disease Objectives. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 91-50212. DHHS, Washington, DC.
  • National Institute for Occupational and Safety and Health . 1981 . Control Technology Assessment, the Secondary Nonferrous Smelting Industry. NIOSH Pub. No. 80-143 Cincinnati, OH : NIOSH .
  • *Editorial Note: Aaron Sussell and Mitchell Singal are with the NIOSH Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch in Cincinnati, Ohio. Sherrilyn Wainwright (formerly with the National Center for Environmental Health) is with the CDC Epidemiology Program Office, Division of Field Epidemiology (working with the Georgia Department of Human Resources, Atlanta, Georgia). This study would not have been possible without the valuable assistance of the Pan American Health Organization staff in Bolivia, including Luiz Augusto Galvao, Manuel Nasif Issa, and Juan Guillermo Orozco. More detailed information on this evaluation is contained in the Health Hazard Evaluation Report 94-0109-2494, available through NIOSH, Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch, 4676 Columbia Parkway (MS R-9), Cincinnati, Ohio 45226; telephone (800) 356-4674; facsimile (513) 533-8573

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