Application of High Resolution Electron Microscopy for the Characterization and Source Assignment of Diesel Particulates

References

• Mauderly , J. L. 1992 . “ Diesel Exhaust. ” . In Environmental Toxicants, Human Exposures and their Health Effects Edited by: Lippmann , M. New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold .
   Google Scholar
• Mauderly , J. L. , Jones , R. K. and Griffith , W. C. 1987 . Diesel Exhaust Is a Pulmonary Carcinogen in Rats Exposed Chronically by Inhalation . Fundam. Appl. Toxicol , 9 : 208 – 221 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kucukcelebi , A. , Mohamed , F. and Barnhart , M. I. 1984 . Scanning Electron Microscopy of Terminal Airways of Guinea Pigs Chronically Inhaling Diesel Exhaust . Scanning Electron Microsc , 4 : 1835 – 1850 .
   Google Scholar
• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health . 1988 . Carcinogenic Effects of Exposure to Diesel Exhaust. Current Intelligence Bulletin 50 DHHS (NIOSH) Pub. No. 88-116 Cincinnati, OH : NIOSH .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor . 1989 . Air Quality . Chemical Substances and Respiratory Protection Standards; Proposed Rules. Federal Register , 54 ( 166 ) : 35760 – 35852 .
   Google Scholar
• Watts , W. F. Health Risks Associated with the Use of Diesel Equipment Underground. Diesels in Underground Mines: Measurement and Control of Particulate Emissions—Proceedings of the Bureau of Mines Information and Technology Transfer Seminar, Minneapolis, MN, 1992. Information Circular, pp. 4-10 . Washington, D.C. : U.S. Bureau of Mines .
   Google Scholar
• Prado , G. P. , Lee , M. L. and Hites , R. A. Soot and Hydrocarbon Formation in a Turbulent Diffusion Flame. Proceedings of the Sixteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion, Cambridge, MA, 1976, pp. 649-661 . Edited by: Faeth , G.M. Pittsburgh : Combustion Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Bagley , S. T. , Baumgard , K. J. and Gratz , L. D. Comparison of In-Mine and Laboratory-Generated Diesel Particulate Matter, Biological Activity, and Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Levels. Proceedings—3rd Symposium on Respirable Dusts in the Mining Industries, SMME, Pittsburgh, 1990, pp. 61-70 . Edited by: Frantz , R.L. and Ramani , R.V. Littleton, CO : Society for Mining Metallurgy and Exploration, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Wallace , W. E. , Keane , M. J. and Hill , C. A. 1987 . Mutagenicity of Diesel Exhaust Particles and Oil Shale Particles Dispersed in Lecithin Surfactant . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , 21 : 63 – 171 .
   Google Scholar
• Crespi , C. L. , Liber , H. L. and Behymer , T. D. 1985 . A Human Cell Line Sensitive to Mutation by Particle-Borne Chemicals . Mutation Res , 157 : 71 – 75 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bolsaitis , P. , Feitelberg , A. S. and Dekermendjian , V. 1991 . Assay of Mutation Induced in Human Lymphoblastoid Cells by Combustion-Generated Soot Particles . Environ. Health Persp , 96 : 239 – 243 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lahaye , J. and Prado , G. 1978 . “ Mechanisms of Carbon Black Formation. ” . In Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, Vol. 14, pp. 167-294 Edited by: Walker , P.L. Jr. and Thrower , P. New York, NY : Marcel Dekker .
   Google Scholar
• Gibbs , R. , Whitby , R. and Johnson , R. 1986 . Observation of Particle Oxidation in Diesels: Prospect for Combustion Research and Particulate Control. SAE Technical Paper No. 860291, Reprinted from P-172: Advances in Diesel Particulate Control, Vol. 3, pp. 173-183 Warrendale, PA : Society of Automotive Engineers .
   Google Scholar
• Ishiguro , T. , Suzuki , Y. F. and Morimoto , H. 1991 . Microstructural Changes of Diesel Soot During Oxidation . Combustion and Flame , 85 : 1 – 6 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buseck , P. R. , Bo-Jun , H. and Keller , L. P. 1987 . Electron Microscope Investigation of the Structures of Annealed Carbons . Energy & Fuels , 1 : 105 – 110 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edington , J. W. 1975 . “ Fundamentals of Electron Diffraction. ” . In Electron Diffraction in the Electron Microscope, Vol. 2, pp. 5-6 Edited by: Edington , J.W. London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Oberlin , A. 1989 . “ High-Resolution TEM Studies of Carbonization and Graphitization. ” . In Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, Vol. 22, pp. 1-144 Edited by: Thrower , P.A. New York : Marcel Dekker .
   Google Scholar
• Hishiyama , Y. , Kaburagi , Y. and Inagaki , M. 1991 . “ Characterization of Structure and Microtexture of Carbon Materials by Magnetoresistance Technique. ” . In Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, Vol. 23, pp. 2-68 Edited by: Thrower , P.A. New York : Marcel Dekker .
   Google Scholar