14,281
Views
415
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Technical Paper

Fine Particles and Coarse Particles: Concentration Relationships Relevant to Epidemiologic Studies

&
Pages 1238-1249 | Published online: 01 Mar 2012

References

  • Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1996; EPA/600/P-95/001bF; Chapter 13. Also, NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB96-168224.
  • Bachmann, J.D.; Damberg, R.J.; Caldwell, J.C.; Richmond, H.M.; Polkowsky, B.; Smith, E.G.; Woodruff, T.J.; Martin, K.M.; Edwards, C.; Koman, P.D. Review of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter: Policy Assessment of Scientific and Technical Information. OAQPS staff paper; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1996; EPA/452/R-96/013. Also, NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB97-115406REB.
  • Dockery, D.W.; Pope, C.A., III. Ann. Rev. Public Health 1994, 15, 107–132.
  • Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1996; EPA/600/P-95/001bF; Chapter 12. Also, NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB96-168224.
  • Vedal, S. J. & Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 1997, 47, 551–581.
  • Samet, J.M.; Zeger, S.L.; Berhane, K. “The association of mortality and particulate air pollution,” In Particulate Air Pollution and Daily Mortality: Replication and Validation of Selected Studies, the Phase I Report of the Particle Epidemiology Evaluation Project. Health Effects Institute: Cambridge, MA, 1995; pp 1–104.
  • Beck, B.D.; Brain, J.D. “Prediction of the pulmonary toxicity of respirable combustion products from residential wood and coal stoves,” Proceedings of the 1982 Residential Wood and Coal Combustion Specialty Conference; Air Pollution Control Association: Pittsburgh, PA, 1982; pp 264–280.
  • Dreher, K.; Jaskot, R.; Richards, J.; Lehmann, J.; Winsett, D.; Hoffman, A.; Costa, D. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1996, 153, A15.
  • Whitby, K.T. Atmos. Environ. 1978, 12, 135–159.
  • Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1996; EPA/600/P-95/001bF; Chapter 3. Also, NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB96-168224.
  • Lundgren, D.A.; Burton, R.M. Inhalation Toxicol. 1995, 7, 131–148.
  • Fed. Regist. 1987, 52, 24634–24669.
  • 40 CFR 53.43.
  • Chow, J.C. J. & Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 1995, 46, 320–382.
  • Whitby, K.T.; Charlson, R.E.; Wilson, W.E.; Stevens, R.K. Science (Washington, DC) 1974, 183, 1098–1099.
  • Miller, F.J.; Gardner, D.E.; Graham, J.A.; Lee, R.E., Jr.; Wilson, W.E.; Bachmann, J.D. J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 1979, 29, 610–615.
  • Rodes, C.E.; Evans, E.G. Atmos. Environ. 1985, 19, 293–303.
  • Altshuller, A.P. Atmos. Environ. 1985, 19, 265–276.
  • Spengler, J.D.; Dockery, D.W.; Turner, W.A.; Wolfson, J.M.; Ferris, B.G., Jr. Atmos. Environ. 1981, 15, 23–30.
  • Lippmann, M. Air Sampling Instruments; American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists: Cincinnati, OH, 1995; Chapter 5.
  • Wilson, W.E.; Spiller, L.L.; Ellestad, T.G.; Lamothe, P.J.; Dzubay, T.G.; Stevens, R.K.; Macias, E.S.; Fletcher, R.A.; Husar, J.D.; Husar, R.B.; Whitby, K.T.; Kittelson, D.B.; Cantrell, B.K. J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 1977, 27, 46–51.
  • Friedlander, S.K. Smoke, Dust and Haze: Fundamentals of Aerosol Behavior; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1978.
  • Li, W.; Montassier, N.; Hopke, P.K. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 1992, 17, 25–35.
  • Hering, S.V.; Friedlander, S.K. Atmos. Environ. 1982, 16, 2647–2656.
  • John, W.; Wall, S.M.; Ondo, J.L.; Winklmayr, W. Atmos. Environ. 1990, A24, 2349–2359.
  • Meng, Z.; Seinfeld, J.H. Aerosol Sci. Tech. 1994, 20, 253–265.
  • Burton, R.M.; Suh, H.H.; Koutrakis, P. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30, 400–407.
  • AIRS (Aerometric Information Retrieval System) [database]. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1995.
  • Trijonis, J.; Eldon, J.; Gins, J.; Berglund, G. Analyses of the St. Louis RAMS Ambient Particulate Data: Volume 1, Final Report; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1979; EPA-450/4-80-006a. Also, NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB80-203359.
  • Kotchmar, D.J.; McMullen, T.; Hasselblad, V. JAPCA 1987, 37, 377–381.
  • Suggs, J.C.; Burton, R.M. J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 1983, 33, 688–691.
  • White, W.H. “Statistical considerations in the interpretation of sizeresolved particulate mass data.” Presented at Air Pollution in the 21st Century: Priority Issues and Policy Trends, 5th U.S. Dutch Symposium; Noordwijk, The Netherlands, April 1997.
  • Rodes, C.E.; Holland, D.M.; Purdue, L.J.; Rehme, K.A. J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 1985, 35, 345–354.
  • Suh, H.H.; Allen, G.A.; Koutrakis, P.; Burton, R.M. J. & Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 1995, 45, 442–452.
  • Keeler, G.J.; Spengler, J.D.; Castillo, R.A. Atmos. Environ. 1991, A25, 681–691.
  • Pellizzari, E.D.; Thomas, K.W.; Clayton, C.A.; Whitmore, R.W.; Shores, R.C.; Zelon, H.S.; Perritt, R.L. Particle total exposure assessment methodology (PTEAM): Riverside, California pilot study, volume I [final report]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1992; EPA/600/R-93/050.Also, NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB93-166957/XAB.
  • Sheldon, L.S.; Hartwell, T.D.; Cox, B.G.; Sickles, J.E., II; Pellizzari, E.D.; Smith, M.L.; Perritt, R.L.; Jones, S.M. An investigation of infiltration and indoor air quality: final report; New York State Energy Research and Development Authority: Albany, NY, 1989.
  • Clayton, C.A.; Perritt, R.L.; Pellizzari, E.D.; Thomas, K.W.; Whitmore, R.W.; Wallace, L.A.; Özkaynak, H.; Spengler, J.D. J. Exposure Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. 1991, 3, 227–250.
  • Özkaynak, H.; Xue, J.; Spengler, J.; Wallace, L.; Pellizzari, E.; Jenkins, P. J. Exposure Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. 1996, 6, 57–78.
  • Özkaynak, H.; Xue, J.; Weker, R.; Butler, D.; Koutrakis, P. The particle TEAM (PTEAM) study: analysis of the data. Volume III [final report]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atmospheric Research and Exposure Laboratory: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1996; EPA/600/R-95-098. Also, NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB97-102495.
  • Koutrakis, P.; Briggs, S.L.K.; Leaderer, B.P. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26, 521–527.
  • Raunemaa, T.; Kulmala, M.; Saari, H.; Olin, M.; Kulmala, M.H. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 1989, 11, 11–25.
  • Repace, J.L.; Ott, W.R.; Wallace, L.A. “Total human exposure to air pollution,” in Proceedings of the 73rd annual meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, Air Pollution Control Association: Pittsburgh, PA, 1980; paper no. 80–61.6.
  • Thatcher, T.L.; Layton, D.W. Atmos. Environ. 1995, 29, 1487–1497.
  • Özkaynak, H.; Spengler, J.D.; Xue, J.; Koutrakis, P.; Pellizzari, E.D.; Wallace, L. “Sources and factors influencing personal and indoor exposures to particles, elements and nicotine: findings from the particle TEAM pilot study,” in Indoor Air ’93: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Volume 3, Combustion Products, Risk Assessment, Policies; Jantunen, M.; Kalliokoski, P.; Kukkonen, E.; Saarela, K.; Seppänen, O.; Vuorelma, H., Eds. Indoor Air ’93: Helsinki, Finland, 1993, 457–462.
  • Wallace, L. J. & Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 1996, 46, 98–126.
  • Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1996; EPA/600/P-95/001bF; Chapter 7. Also, NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB96-168224.
  • Tamura, K.; Ando, M.; Sagai, M.; Matsumoto, Y. Environ. Sci. (Tokyo), in press.
  • Lioy, P.J.; Waldman, J.M.; Buckley, T.; Butler, J.; Pietarinen, C. Atmos. Environ. Part B 1990, 24, 57–66.
  • Suh, H.H.; Spengler, J.D.; Koutrakis, P. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26, 2507–2517.
  • Suh, H.H.; Koutrakis, P.; Spengler, J.D. J. Exp. Anal. Environ. Epi. 1994, 4, 1–23.
  • Sehmel, G.A. Atmos. Environ. 1980, 14, 983–1011.
  • Chamberlain, A.C. “Deposition and resuspension,” In Precipitation Scavenging, Dry Deposition, and Resuspension, Volume 2. Dry Deposition and Resuspension: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference; Pruppacher, H.R.; Semonin, R.G.; Slinn, W.G.N., Eds. Elsevier: New York, NY, 1983; 731–751.
  • Nazaroff, W.W.; Ligocki, M.P.; Ma, T.; Cass, G.R. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 1990, 13, 332–348.
  • Nazaroff, W.W.; Gadgil, A.J.; Weschler, C.J. “Critique of the use of deposition velocity in modeling indoor air quality,” In Modeling of Indoor Air Quality and Exposure; Nagda, N.L., Ed.; American Society for Testing and Materials: Philadelphia, PA, 1993; pp 81–104.
  • Lin, J.J.; Noll, K.E.; Holsen, T.M. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 1994, 20, 239–252.
  • PFT Database for Residential Air Flow Measurements: Database Documentation, Final Report; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances: Washington, DC, 1995.
  • Wallace, L.; Nelson, W.; Ziegenfus, R.; Pellizzari, E.; Michael, L.; Whitmore, R.; Zelon, H.; Hartwell, T.; Perritt, R.; Westerdahl, D. J. Exposure Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. 1991, 1, 157–192.
  • Koontz, M.D.; Rector, H.E. Estimation of Distributions for Residential Air Exchange Rates: Final Report. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics: Washington, DC, 1995.
  • Murray, D.M.; Burmaster, D.E. Risk Anal. 1995, 15, 459–465.
  • Wallace, L.A.; Özkaynak, H.; Spengler, J.D.; Pellizzari, E.D.; Jenkins, P. “Indoor, outdoor, and personal air exposures to particles, elements, and nicotine for 178 southern California residents,” in Indoor Air ’93: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Volume 3, Combustion Products, Risk Assessment, Policies; Jantunen, M.; Kalliokoski, P.; Kukkonen, E.; Saarela, K.; Seppänen, O.; Vuorelma, H., Eds. Indoor Air ’93: Helsinki, Finland, 1993; 445–450.
  • Konz, J.J.; Lisi, K.; Friebele, E.; Dixon, D.A. Exposure factors handbook; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment: Washington, DC, 1989; EPA report no. EPA/600/8-89/043. Also, NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB90-106774.
  • Wilson, W.E., Jr. “Exposure relationships relevant to particulate matter mortality studies.” Presented at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Critical Evaluation Workshop on Particulate Matter-Mortality Epidemiology Studies, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1994.
  • Özkaynak, H.; Thurston, G.D. Risk Anal. 1987, 4, 449–461.
  • Dockery, D.W.; Pope, C.A., III; Xu, X.; Spengler, J.D.; Ware, J.H.; Fay, M.E.; Ferris, B.G., Jr.; Speizer, F.E. N. Engl. J. Med. 1993, 329, 1753–1759.
  • Thurston, G.D.; Ito, K.; Hayes, C.G.; Bates, D.V.; Lippmann, M. Environ. Res. 1994, 65, 271–290.
  • Dockery, D.W.; Schwartz, J.; Spengler, J.D. Environ. Res. 1992, 59, 3 62–373.
  • Dockery, D.W.; Hoek, G.; Schwartz, J.; Neas, L.M. “Specific air pollutants and the Philadelphia mortality associations,” in Proceedings of the Second Colloquium on Particulate Air Pollution and Human Health; Lee, J.; Phalon, R., Eds. Park City, Utah, 1996; 3–10.
  • Schwartz, J.; Dockery, D.W.; Neas, L.M. J. & Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 1996, 46, 927–939.
  • Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1996; EPA/600/P-95/001bF; Chapter 12. Also, NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB96-168224.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.