Source Profiles for Nonmethane Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere of Cairo, Egypt

REFERENCES

• Mayrsohn, H.; Crabtree, J.H. “Source reconciliation of atmospheric hydrocarbons,” Atmos. Environ. 1976, 10, 137–143.
   Google Scholar
• Mayrsohn, H.; Crabtree, J.H.; Kuramoto, M.; Sothern, R.D.; Mano, S.H. “Source reconciliation of atmospheric hydrocarbons 1974,” Atmos. Environ. 1977, 11, 189–192.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, P.F.; Quigley, S.M.; Smith, M.Y. “Sources of atmospheric hydrocarbons in Sydney: A quantitative determination using a source reconciliation technique,” Atmos. Environ. 1983, 17, 439–449.
   Google Scholar
• Wadden, R.A.; Uno, I.; Wakamatsu, S. “Source discrimination of short-term hydrocarbon samples measured aloft,” Environ. Sci. Technol. 1986, 20, 473–483.
   Google Scholar
• O'Shea, W.J.; Scheff, P.A. “A chemical mass balance for volatile or-ganics in Chicago,” J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 1988, 38, 1,020–1,026.
   Google Scholar
• Aronian, P.F.; Scheff, P.A.; Wadden, R.A. “Wintertime source-reconciliation of ambient organics,” Atmos. Environ. 1989, 23, 911–920.
   Google Scholar
• Fujita, E.M.; Watson, J.G.; Chow, J.C.; Lu, Z. “Validation of the chemical mass balance receptor model applied to hydrocarbon source apportionment in the Southern California air quality study,” Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 1,633–1,649.
   Google Scholar
• Fujita, E.M.; Watson, J.G.; Chow, J.C. “Receptor model and emissions inventory source apportionments of nonmethane organic gases in California's San Joaquin Valley and San Francisco Bay area,” Atmos. Environ. 1995, 29, 3,019–3,035.
   Google Scholar
• Kenski, D.M.; Wadden, R.A.; Scheff, P.A.; Lonneman, W.A. “A receptor modeling approach to VOC inventory validation in five U.S. cities,” J. Environ. Eng. 1995, 121, 483–491.
   Google Scholar
• McLaren, R.; Singleton, D.L.; Lai, J.Y.K.; Khouw, B.; Singer, E.; Wu, Z.; Niki, H. “Analysis of motor vehicle sources and their contribution to ambient hydrocarbon distributions at urban sites in Toronto during the Southern Ontario Oxidants Study,” Atmos. Environ. 1996, 30, 2,219–2,232.
   Google Scholar
• Scheff, P.A.; Wadden, R.A.; Kenski, D.M.; Chung, J.; Wolff, G. “Receptor model evaluation of the Southeast Michigan Ozone Study ambient NMOC measurements,” J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1996, 46, 1,048–1,057.
   Google Scholar
• Scheff, P.A.; Wadden, R.A.; Bates, B.A.; Aronian, P.F. “Source fingerprints for receptor modeling of volatile organics,” J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 1989, 39, 469–478.
   Google Scholar
• Doskey, P.V.; Porter, J.A.; Scheff, P.A. “Source fingerprints for volatile non-methane hydrocarbons,” J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1992, 42, 1,437–1,445.
   Google Scholar
• Fukui, Y.; Doskey, P.V. “An enclosure technique for measuring nonmethane organic compound emissions from grasslands,” J. Environ. Qual. 1996, 25, 601–610.
   Google Scholar
• Scanlon, J.T.; Willis, D.E. “Calculation of flame ionization detector relative response factors using the effective carbon number concept,” J. Chrom. Sci. 1985, 23, 333–340.
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson, R. “Kinetics and mechanisms of the gas-phase reactions of the hydroxyl radical with organic compounds,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph. 1989, 1, 246 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Lonneman, W.A.; Seila, R.L.; Meeks, S.A. “Non-methane organic composition in the Lincoln tunnel,” Environ. Sci. Technol. 1986, 20, 790–796.
   Google Scholar
• Sigsby, Jr., J.E.; Tejada, S.; Ray, W.; Lang, J.M.; Duncan, J.W. “Volatile organic compound emissions from 46 in-use passenger cars,” Environ. Sci. Technol. 1987, 21, 466–475.
   Google Scholar
• Conner, T.L.; Lonneman, W.A.; Seila, R.L. “Transportation-related volatile hydrocarbon source profiles measured in Atlanta,” J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1995, 45, 383–394.
   Google Scholar
• Gertler, A.W.; Fujita, E.M.; Pierson, W.R.; Wittorff, D.N. “Apportionment of NMHC tailpipe vs non-tailpipe emissions in the Fort McHenry and Tuscarora Mountain tunnels,” Atmos. Environ. 1996, 30, 2,297–2,305.
   Google Scholar
• McLaren, R.; Gertler, A.W.; Wittorff, D.N.; Belzer, W.; Dann, T.; Singleton, D.L. “Real-world measurements of exhaust and evaporative emissions in the Cassiar tunnel predicted by chemical mass balance modeling,” Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30, 3,001–3,009.
   Google Scholar
• Kirchstetter, T.W.; Singer, B.C.; Harley, R.A.; Kendall, G.R.; Chan, W. “Impact of oxygenated gasoline use on California light-duty vehicle emissions,” Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30, 661–670.
   Google Scholar
• Hoekman, S.K. “Speciated measurements and calculated reactivities of vehicle exhaust emissions from conventional and reformulated gasolines,” Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26, 1,206–1,216.
   Google Scholar
• Sagebiel, J.C.; Zielinska, B.; Pierson, W.R.; Gertler, A.W. “Real-world emissions and calculated reactivities of organic species from motor vehicles,” Atmos. Environ. 1996, 30, 2,287–2,296.
   Google Scholar
• Hampton, C.V.; Pierson, W.R.; Schuetzle, D.; Harvey, T.M. “Hydrocarbon gases emitted from vehicles on the road—2: Determination of emission rates from diesel and spark-ignition vehicles,” Environ. Sci. Technol. 1983, 17, 699–708.
   Google Scholar
• Carter, W.P.L.; “Development of ozone reactivity scales for volatile organic compounds,” J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1994, 44, 881–899.
   Google Scholar
• Sexton, K.; Westberg, H. “Photochemical ozone formation from petroleum refinery emissions,” Atmos. Environ. 1983, 17, 467–475.
   Google Scholar
• Rappaport, S.M.; Selvin, S.; Waters, M.A. “Exposures to hydrocarbon components of gasoline in the petroleum industry,” J. Applied Indust. Hygiene. 1987, 2, 148.
   Google Scholar
• Blake, D.R.; Rowland, F.S. “Urban leakage of liquefied petroleum gas and its impact on Mexico City air quality,” Science 1995, 269, 953–956.
   Google Scholar