Interpretation of Trends of PM₂₅ and Reconstructed Visibility from the IMPROVE Network

REFERENCES

• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Acid Deposition Standard Feasibility Study Report to Congress, USEPA 430-R-95-001a, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Eldred, R.A.; Cahill, T.A.; Wilkinson, L.K.; Feeney, P.J.; Malm, W.C. Measurement of Fine Particles and Their Chemical Components in the IMPROVE/NPS Networks. In Proceedings of the 88 Air Pollution Control Association Annual Meeting, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Sisler, J.F.; Huffman, D.; Latimer, D.A.; Malm, W.C.; Pitchford, M.L. Spatial and Temporal Patterns and the Chemical Composition of the Haze in the United States: An Analysis of Data from the IMPROVE Network, 1988-1991; 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Sisler, J.F.; Malm, W.C. Atmos. Environ. 1994, 28(5), 851–864.
   Google Scholar
• vandeHulst, H.C. Light Scattering by Small Particles; Dover Publications: New York, 1981.
   Google Scholar
• Tijonis, J.C.; Pitchford, M. Preliminary Extinction Budget Results from the RESOLVE Program; Bhardwaja, P.S., Ed.; Air & Waste Management Association: Pittsburgh, PA, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Malm, W.C.; Sisler, J.F.; Huffman, D.; Eldred, R.A.; Cahill, T.A. J. Geo. Res. 1994a, 99(D1), 1347–1370.
   Google Scholar
• White, W.H Atmos. Environ. 1986, 20, 1659–1672.
   Google Scholar
• Heisler, S.L.; Henry, R.C.; Watson, J.G.; Hidy, G.M. “The 1978 Denver winter haze study volume II.” ERT document #P-5417-1. Environmental Research and Technology, Inc.: West Lake Village, CA, 1980.
   Google Scholar
• Malm, W.C.; Gebhart, K.A.; Molenar, J.V.; Cahill, T.A.; Eldred, R.A.; Huffman, D. Atmos. Environ. 1994b, 28, 347–360.
   Google Scholar
• Tombach, I.; Thurston, S.A. The Quality of the SCENES Measurements: The Roles of Data Quality Goals and Evolving Technology. In Proceedings of Aerosols and Atmospheric Optics: Radiative Balance and Visual Air Quality; Air & Waste Management Association: Pittsburgh, PA, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Watson, J.G.; Chow, J.C.; Richards, L.W.; Haase, D.L.; McDade, C.; Dietrich, L.D.; Moon, D.; Chinkin, L.; Sloane, C. The 1989-90 Phoenix Urban Haze Study—Volume I: Program Plan; DRI document 8931.1F; Prepared for Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, Phoenix, AZ, by Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Macias, E.S.; Zwicker, J.O.; White, W.H. Atmos. Environ. 1981, 15, 19871997.
   Google Scholar
• Ouimette, J.R.; Flagan, R.C. Atmos. Environ., 1982 16, 2405–2419.
   Google Scholar
• Malm, W.C.; Kreidenweis, S.M. Atmos. Environ., 1997, 31, 1965–1976.
   Google Scholar
• Sloane C.S. Atmos. Environ. 1983, 17, 409–416.
   Google Scholar
• Sloane C.S. Atmos. Environ. 1984, 18, 871–878.
   Google Scholar
• Sloane C.S. Atmos. Environ. 1986, 20, 1025.
   Google Scholar
• Sloane C.S.; Wolff, G.T. Atmos. Environ. 1985, 19, 669–680.
   Google Scholar
• Lowenthal, D.H.; Rogers, C.F.; Saxena, P.; Watson, JG.; Chow, J.C. Atmos. Environ., 1995, 29, 751–766.
   Google Scholar
• Malm, W.C. Examining the Relationship between Aerosol Concentration and Partial Scattering Efficiencies near the Grand Canyon; Presented at the 91st Annual Meeting of the Air & Waste Management Association, San Diego, CA, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Malm, W.C.; Day, D.; Kreidenweis, S.M. Comparison of Measured and Reconstructed Scattering during an Intensive Field Study at Great Smoky Mountains National Park; paper #97-WA70.02; Presented at the Air & Waste Management Association's 90th Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• White, W.H.; Roberts, P.T. Atmos. Environ. 1977, 11, 803–812.
   Google Scholar
• Malm, W.C.; Cahill, T.A.; Gebhart, K.A.; Waggoner, A. Optical Characteristics of Atmospheric Sulfur at Grand Canyon, Arizona, in Visibility Protection, Research and Policy Aspects; P.S. Bhardwaja, P.S., Ed.; Air & Waste Management Association: Pittsburgh, PA, 1986; 418–433.
   Google Scholar
• Malm, W.C.; Iyer, H.; Watson, J.; Latimer, D.A. Survey of a variety of receptor modeling techniques, In Transactions of the AWMA/EPA Int'l Specialty Conference on Visibility and Fine Particles, edited by C.V. Mathai, Air and Waste Management Association, 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Gebhart, K.A.; Malm, W.C. An Investigation of the Size Distributions of Particulate Sulfate Concentrations Measured during WHITEX. In Transactions of the AWMA/EPA Int'l Specialty Conference on Visibility and Fine Particles; Mathai, C.V., Ed.; Air & Waste Management Association: Pittsburgh, PA, 1989; 157–169.
   Google Scholar
• Stelson, A.W.; Seinfeld, J. Atmos. Environ., 1982, 15, 983.
   Google Scholar
• Wexler, A.; Seinfeld, J. Atmos. Environ., 1991, 25A, 2731.
   Google Scholar
• Waggoner, A.P.; Weiss, R.E.; Ahlquist, N.C.; Covert, D.S.; Will, S.; Charlson, R.J. Atmos. Environ. 1981, 15, 1891–1909.
   Google Scholar
• Day, D.E.; Malm, W.C.; Kreidenweis, S.M. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2000, 50.
   Google Scholar
• Tang, I.N. J. Geophys. Res. 1996, 101, 19245–19250.
   Google Scholar
• Trijonis, J.C.; McGown, M.; Pitchford, M.; Blumenthal, D.; Roberts, P.; White, W.; Macias, E.; Weiss, R.; Waggoner, A.; Watson, J.; Chow, J.; Flocchini, R. RESOLVE Project Final Report: Visibility Conditions and Causes of Visibility Degradation in the Mojave Desert of California, NWC TP #6869, Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, CA, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Trijonis, J.C.; Malm, W.C.; Pitchford, M.; White, W.H.; Charlson, R.; Husar, R. Visibility: Existing and Historical Conditions—Causes and Effects; In State Sci. State Technol. Rep. 24; Natl. Acid Precip. Assessment Program, Washington, DC, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• White, W.H., Contributions to light scattering, In: Acidic Deposition: State of Science and Technology Report 24, J. Trijonis (lead author), National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, Washington, DC, pp85-102, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Malm, W.C.; Molenar, J.V.; Eldred, R.A.; Sisler, J.F. J. Geophys. Res. 1996, 101, 19251–19265.
   Google Scholar
• Saxena, P.; Peterson, T.W. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1981, 79, 496–510.
   Google Scholar
• Pilinis, C.; Pandis, S.N.; Seinfeld, J.H. J. Geophys. Res. 1995, 100(D9), 18739–18754.
   Google Scholar
• Saxena, P.; Hudischewskyj, A.B.; Seigneur, C.; Seinfeld, J.H. Atmos. Environ. 1986, 20, 1471–1483.
   Google Scholar
• Saxena, P.; Mueller, P.K.; Kim, Y.P.; Seinfeld, J.H.; Koutrakis, P. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 1993, 19, 279–293.
   Google Scholar
• Malm, W.C.; Kreidenweis, S.M. The Effects of Models of Aerosol Hygro-scopicity on Estimated Scattering Efficiencies. Presented at the Air & Waste Management Association's 89th Annual Meeting, Nashville, TN, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Horvath, H. Atmos. Environ. 1993, 27(A), 3, 293–317.
   Google Scholar
• Fuller, K.; Malm, W.; Kreidenweis, S. J. Geophys. Res. 1999, 101, 15,94115,954.
   Google Scholar
• Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Pritchett, L.C.; Pierson, W.R.; Frazier, C.A.; Purcell, R.G. Atmos. Environ. 1993, 27(A), (8), 1185–1201.
   Google Scholar
• Pitchford, M.L.; Malm, W.C. Atmos. Environ. 1994, 28(5), 1049–1054.
   Google Scholar
• Hussain, L. Geophys. Research Letters 1998, 25(7), 967–970.
   Google Scholar
• Lynch, J.A.; Bowersox, V.C.; Grimm, J.W. USGS Open File Report 960346, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Lynch, J.A.; Grimm, J.W.; Bowersox, V.C. Atmos. Environ. 1995, 29, 1231–1246.
   Google Scholar
• Theil, H. A Rank-Invariant Method of Linear and Polynomial Regression Analysis, I. Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad, V. Wetensch. A. 53, 386–392, 1950.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report; USEPA 454/R-97-013, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Iyer, H.K.; Patterson, P.; Malm, W.C.; Delgado, J. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2000, 50.
   Google Scholar