Comparison and Evaluation of Chemically Speciated Mobile Source PM_2.5 Particulate Matter Profiles

REFERENCES

• Watson, J.G.; Chow, J.C.; Henry, R.C.; Kim, B.M.; Pace, T.G.; Meyer, E.L.; Nguyen, Q. The USEPA/DRI Chemical Mass Balance Receptor Model, CMB 7.0; Envir. Software 1990, 5, 38–49.
   Google Scholar
• Gillies, J.A.; O'Connor, C.M.; Mamane, Y.; Gertler A.W. Chemical Profiles for Characterizing Dust Sources in an Urban Area, Western Nevada, USA; Zeitschrift fur Géomorphologie Supplementband 1999, 116, 19–44.
   Google Scholar
• Fujita, E.; Watson, J.G.; Chow, J.C.; Robinson, N.F.; Richards, L.W.; Kumar N. Northern Front Range Air Quality Study, Volume C: Source Apportionment and Simulation Methods and Evaluation; Prepared for Colorado State University, Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, by Desert Research Institute: Reno, NV, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Watson, J.G.; Fujita, E.M.; Chow, J.C.; Zielinska, B.; Richards, L.W.; Neff, W.; Dietrich, D. Northern Front Range Air Quality Study Final Report; Prepared for Colorado State University, Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, by Desert Research Institute: Reno, NV, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Norbeck, J.M.; Durbin, T.D.; Truex, T.J. Measurement of Primary Particulate Matter Emissions from Light-Duty Motor Vehicles; Prepared for Coordinating Research Council, Inc. and South Coast Air Quality Management District, by Center for Environmental Research and Technology, College of Engineering, University of California: Riverside, CA, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Sawyer, R.F.; Johnson, J.H. Diesel Emissions and Control Technology. In Diesel Exhaust, A Critical Analysis of Emissions, Exposure, and Health Effects; Health Effects Institute: Cambridge, MA, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Baumgard, K.J.; Johnson, J.H. The Effect of Fuel and Engine Design on Diesel Exhaust Particle Size Distributions; SAE Technical Paper 960131; SAE International: Warrendale, PA, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Ristovski, Z.D.; Morawksa, L.; Bofinger, N.D.; Hitchins, J. Submicrometer and Supermicrometer Particulate Emissions from Spark Ignition Vehicles; Environ. Sci. Tech. 1998, 32, 3845–3851.
   Google Scholar
• Lowenthal, D.H.; Zielinska, B.; Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Gautam, M.; Ferguson, D.H.; Neuroth, G.R.; Stevens, K.D. Characterization of Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle Emissions; Atmos. Environ. 1994, 28, 731–743.
   Google Scholar
• Watson, J.G.; Chow, J.C.; Lowenthal, D.H.; Pritchett, L.C.; Frazier, C.A.; Neuroth, G.R.; Robbins, R. Difference in the Carbon Composition of Source Profiles for Diesel- and Gasoline-Powered Vehicles; Atmos. Environ. 1994a, 28, 2493–2505.
   Google Scholar
• Gertler, A.W.; Sagebiel, J.C.; Wittorff, D.N.; Pierson, W.R.; Dippel, W.A.; Freeman, D.; Sheetz, L. Vehicle Emissions in Five Urban Tunnels, Final Report under CRC Project No. E-5; Prepared for the Coordinating Research Council, Inc., Auto/Oil Improvement Research Program, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and South Coast Air Quality Management District Southern Oxidants Study, by Desert Research Institute: Reno, NV, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Sagebiel, J.C.; Zielinska, B.; Walsh, P.A.; Chow, J.C.; Cadle, S.H.; Mulawa, P.A.; Knapp, K.T.; Zweidinger, R.B.; Snow; R. PM-10 Exhaust Samples Collected during IM-240 Dynamometer Tests of In-Service Vehicles in Nevada; Environ. Sci. Tech. 1997, 31, 75–83.
   Google Scholar
• Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Richards, L.; Haase, D.L.; McDade, C.; Dietrich, D.; Moon, D.; Sloane, C. The 1989-1990 Phoenix PM10 Study, Volume II: Source Apportionment; Final Report, DRI Doc. 8931.6F1; Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, 1991a.
   Google Scholar
• Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G. Imperial Valley/Mexicali Cross Border PM10 Transport Study; Final Report, DRI Document No. 8623.2F; Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: San Francisco, CA, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G. Fugitive Dust and Other Source Contributions to PM10 in Nevada's Las Vegas Valley; DRI Document No. 4039.2F1; Prepared for Clark County Department of Comprehensive Planning: Las Vegas, NV, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Watson, J.G.; Chow, J.C.; Richards, L.W.; Neff, W.; Anderson, S.R.; Dietrich, D.L.; Houck, J.E.; Olmez, I. The 1987-88 Metro Denver Brown Cloud Study Final Report. Prepared for the 1987-88 Metro Denver Brown Cloud Study Inc., Denver, CO, by Desert Research Institute: Reno, NV, 1988a.
   Google Scholar
• Watson, J.G.; Chow, J.C.; Lu, Z.; Fujita, E.M.; Lowenthal, D.H.; Lawson, D.R.; Ashbaugh, L.L. Chemical Mass Balance Source Apportionment of PM10 during the Southern California Air Quality Study; Aerosol Sci. Technol. 1994b, 21, 1–36.
   Google Scholar
• Fujita, E. MAG Brown Cloud Study; Prepared for Maricopa Association of Governments, Phoenix, AZ, by Desert Research Institute: Reno, NV, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Houck, J.E.; Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Simons, C.A.; Pritchett, L.C.; Goulet, J.M.; Frazier, C.A. Determination of Particle Size Distribution and Chemical Composition of Particulate Matter from Selected Sources in California; Contract prepared for California Air Resources Board by OMNI Environmental Services, Inc., Beaverton, OR, and the Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV; No. A6-175-32; 1989; Vol. 1.
   Google Scholar
• Watson, J.G.; Chow, J.C.; Egami, R.T.; Frazier, C.A.; Goodrich, A.; Ralph, C. PM10 Source Apportionment in the Truck.ee Meadows, Nevada, for State Implementation Plan Development Volume I: Modeling Methods and Results; Final Report, DRI Document No. 8086.2F; 1988b.
   Google Scholar
• Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Richards, L.W.; Haase, D.L.; McDade, C.; Dietrich, D.L.; Moon, D.; Sloane, C. The 1989-90 Pilot Tucson PM10 Study Volume II: Source Apportionment Final Report; DRI Document No. 8931.8F1; Prepared for Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, by Desert Research Institute: Reno, NV, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Rykowski, R.A.; Hrbenyk, B. Contribution of Gasoline-Fueled Vehicles to Ambient Levels of Fine Carbonaceous Particulate Matter; Prepared for the Coordinating Research Council, Atlanta, GA, by AIR, Inc.: Novi, MI, 1997, p 115.
   Google Scholar
• Cadle, S.H.; Mulawa, P.; Hunsanger, E.C.; Nelson, K.; Ragazzi, R.A.; Barrett, R.; Gallagher, G.L.; Lawson, D.R.; Knapp, K.T.; Snow, R. Measurements of Exhaust Particulate Matter Emissions from In-Use Light-Duty Motor Vehicles in the Denver, Colorado Area; Report prepared for Coordinating Research Council, Atlanta, GA: 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Graboski, M.S.; McCormick, R.L.; Yanowitz, J.; Ryan, L. Heavy-Duty Vehicle Testing for the Northern Front Range Air Quality Study; Office of the Vice President for Research and Information Technology, Colorado State University: Fort Collins, CO, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Pritchett, L.C.; Pierson, W.R.; Frazier, C.A.; Purcell R.G. The DRI Thermal/Optical Reflectance Carbon Analysis System: Description, Evaluation, and Application in U.S. Air Quality Studies; Atmos. Environ. 1993, 27A, 1185–1201.
   Google Scholar
• Watson, J.G.; Blumenthal, D.; Chow, J.C.; Cahill, C.; Richards, L.W.; Dietrich, D.; Morris, R.; Houck, J.; Dickson, R.J.; Anderson, S. Mt. Zirkel Wilderness Area Reasonable Attribution Study of Visibility Impairment-Volume II: Results of Data Analysis and Modeling; Prepared for Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, CO, by Desert Research Institute: Reno, NV, 1996.
   Google Scholar